{"id":57869,"date":"2016-01-27T11:47:36","date_gmt":"2016-01-27T09:47:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/wpcalc.com\/?p=57869"},"modified":"2025-05-09T11:11:22","modified_gmt":"2025-05-09T08:11:22","slug":"equilibrium-hardy-weinberg","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/medical\/equilibrium-hardy-weinberg\/","title":{"rendered":"Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Calculator"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"not-prose calculator-box\" aria-labelledby=\"calculator-title\"><div class=\"flex items-baseline sm:items-center justify-between gap-2 sm:gap-3\"><div class=\"flex flex-col sm:flex-row sm:items-center gap-2\"><span class=\"icon icon-calculator text-primary-700! text-base! dark:text-primary-300!\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"text-lg font-display font-bold\">Hardy-Weinberg Frequency and Chi-Square Test<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"relative group inline-block\">\n  <button class=\"favorite\" id=\"favorite\" data-favorite-id=\"57869\" data-favorite-title=\"Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium\" data-favorite-url=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/medical\/equilibrium-hardy-weinberg\/\" data-favorite-excerpt=\"This genetics calculator determines allele frequencies and expected genotype frequencies under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. It also calculates the chi-square statistic to test whether a population is in genetic equilibrium.\" aria-label=\"Add to Favorites\" data-favorite-icon=\"icon icon-flask\">\n    <span class=\"icon icon-shape-star-empty\"><\/span>\n  <\/button>\n  <div class=\"absolute right-full -translate-y-1\/2 top-1\/2 mr-2 w-max max-w-xs px-3 py-2 bg-gray-800 text-white text-xs rounded shadow-lg opacity-0 group-hover:opacity-100 transition-opacity duration-200 z-10 pointer-events-none\">\n   <span class=\"favorite-tooltip\" id=\"favorite-tooltip\"><\/span>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><form action=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/medical\/equilibrium-hardy-weinberg\/\" method=\"POST\" class=\"calculator\" id=\"calculator-57869\" data-post=\"57869\"><fieldset class=\"fieldset-input is-1\"><legend class=\"sr-only\">Input Fields<\/legend><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-1\"><label for=\"field-1\">Homozygous dominant<\/label><div class=\"term\">CH<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><input type=\"number\" name=\"homozygous_dominant\" id=\"field-1\" min=\"0\" step=\"any\" value=\"50\"\/><small>Number of individuals with dominant homozygous genotype (AA)<\/small><\/div><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-2\"><label for=\"field-2\">Heterozygous<\/label><div class=\"term\">H<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><input type=\"number\" name=\"heterozygous\" id=\"field-2\" min=\"0\" step=\"any\" value=\"30\"\/><small>Number of heterozygous individuals (Aa)<\/small><\/div><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-3\"><label for=\"field-3\">Homozygous recessive<\/label><div class=\"term\">RH<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><input type=\"number\" name=\"homozygous_recessive\" id=\"field-3\" min=\"0\" step=\"any\" value=\"20\"\/><small>Number of individuals with recessive homozygous genotype (aa)<\/small><\/div><\/fieldset><div class=\"buttons\"><button type=\"submit\" data-text=\"Re-Calculate\" id=\"calculate-button\" data-post=\"57869\">Calculate<\/button><button type=\"reset\">Reset<\/button><\/div><div class=\"field is-checkbox hidden!\" id=\"field-auto-calc\"><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"auto-calc\"><label for=\"auto-calc\">Calculate automatically<\/label><small>If enabled, the result will update automatically when you change any value.<\/small><\/div><div class=\"fieldset-result is-hidden\" aria-labelledby=\"result-title\" aria-live=\"polite\" role=\"region\"> <h3 class=\"result-title bg-gradient-to-r from-primary-50 to-gray-50 dark:from-primary-900 dark:to-gray-800\" id=\"result-title\"><span class=\"icon icon-s-pulse\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span> Your Results<\/h3><div class=\"result-box\"><div class=\"field-result\" id=\"output-1\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Allele frequency p<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-1\"><\/span><button class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Copy Result\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"field-result\" id=\"output-2\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Allele frequency q<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-2\"><\/span><button class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Copy Result\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"field-result\" id=\"output-3\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Expected CH (AA)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-3\"><\/span><button class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Copy Result\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"field-result\" id=\"output-4\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Expected H (Aa)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-4\"><\/span><button class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Copy Result\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"field-result\" id=\"output-5\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Expected RH (aa)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-5\"><\/span><button class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Copy Result\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"field-result\" id=\"output-6\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Chi-squared (\u03c7\u00b2)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-6\"><\/span><button class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Copy Result\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div><\/div><a href=\"#respond\" class=\"hidden transition-opacity duration-300 opacity-0 w-50 text-sm justify-center items-center gap-2 px-4 py-2 rounded bg-gray-200 text-gray-700 hover:bg-gray-300\" id=\"leave-comment\"><span class=\"icon icon-comments\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Leave a Comment<\/a><\/form><\/section><section id=\"calc-reactions\" class=\"not-prose hidden my-12 bg-gradient-to-r from-primary-50 to-gray-50 border border-indigo-100 rounded-xl px-6 py-4 shadow-sm\" data-post=\"57869\" aria-live=\"polite\"><h2 class=\"text-sm text-gray-500 text-center mb-2\">How did this result make you feel?<\/h2><div class=\"grid grid-cols-3 sm:flex sm:flex-row sm:justify-around gap-4 sm:items-center sm:flex-wrap\"><button class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"like\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"like\">13<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\">\ud83d\ude00 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Like <\/span><\/button><button class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"helpful\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"helpful\">5<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\">\ud83d\udca1 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Helpful <\/span><\/button><button class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"confused\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"confused\">11<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\">\ud83d\ude15 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Confused <\/span><\/button><button class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"disappointed\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"disappointed\">3<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\">\ud83d\ude1e <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Disappointed <\/span><\/button><button class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"inaccurate\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"inaccurate\">4<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\">\u274c <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Inaccurate <\/span><\/button><\/div><div id=\"reaction-message\" class=\"hidden mt-8 rounded-md border border-primary-100 bg-white\/50 backdrop-blur-sm px-4 py-2 text-sm text-center shadow-sm\"><\/div><\/section><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\n     style=\"display:block; text-align:center; margin: 32px 0;\"\n     data-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-1721569815777345\"\n     data-ad-slot=\"6317458308\"><\/ins>\n<script>\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\n<\/script>\n<p><section class=\"formula-box\" aria-labelledby=\"formula-title\">\r\n\t<div id=\"formula-title\" class=\"not-prose font-display mb-4\"><span class=\"icon icon-formula\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2>Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium and Chi-Square Formula<\/h2><\/div>\r\n\t<figure class=\"not-prose formula\">\r\n\t\t<figcaption class=\"formula-title\">Formula<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<div class=\"text-base text-gray-800\" id=\"formula\">\n$$p = \\frac{CH + 0.5 \\cdot H}{CH + H + RH} \\\\[5pt]\nq = \\frac{RH + 0.5 \\cdot H}{CH + H + RH}\n\\\\[10pt]\nE_{CH} = p^2 \\cdot N \\\\\nE_H = 2pq \\cdot N \\\\\nE_{RH} = q^2 \\cdot N\n\\\\[10pt]\n\\chi^2 = \\frac{(CH &#8211; E_{CH})^2}{E_{CH}} + \\frac{(H &#8211; E_H)^2}{E_H} + \\frac{(RH &#8211; E_{RH})^2}{E_{RH}}$$\n<\/div>\r\n\t<\/figure>\r\n\t<br \/>\n<strong>Where:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>$$CH$$ = number of homozygous dominant individuals<\/li>\n<li>$$H$$ = number of heterozygous individuals<\/li>\n<li>$$RH$$ = number of homozygous recessive individuals<\/li>\n<li>$$N$$ = total individuals = CH + H + RH<\/li>\n<li>$$p$$, $$q$$ = allele frequencies<\/li>\n<li>$$E_{CH}$$, $$E_H$$, $$E_{RH}$$ = expected genotype counts<\/li>\n<li>$$\\chi^2$$ = chi-square value for deviation from equilibrium<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\r\n<\/section><br \/>\nThe Hardy-Weinberg principle predicts genotype frequencies in a population under ideal conditions (no mutation, migration, selection, or genetic drift). This calculator allows you to input observed counts of dominant, heterozygous, and recessive individuals to determine allele frequencies (p and q), expected genotype frequencies, and whether the population deviates from equilibrium using a chi-square test. It is useful in population genetics, evolutionary biology, and academic research.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This genetics calculator determines allele frequencies and expected genotype frequencies under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. It also calculates the chi-square statistic to test whether a population is in genetic equilibrium.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":70,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[50],"class_list":["post-57869","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-medical","tag-diagnostics"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57869","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/70"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=57869"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57869\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":64024,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57869\/revisions\/64024"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=57869"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=57869"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=57869"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}