{"id":60122,"date":"2017-11-15T18:51:35","date_gmt":"2017-11-15T16:51:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/?p=60122"},"modified":"2025-05-20T10:36:49","modified_gmt":"2025-05-20T07:36:49","slug":"cardiac-output","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/medical\/cardiac-output\/","title":{"rendered":"Cardiac Output (Fick Method)"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"not-prose calculator-box\" aria-labelledby=\"calculator-title\"><div class=\"flex items-baseline sm:items-center justify-between gap-2 sm:gap-3\"><div class=\"flex flex-col sm:flex-row sm:items-center gap-2\"><span class=\"icon icon-calculator text-primary-700! text-base! dark:text-primary-300!\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"text-lg font-display font-bold\">Cardiac Output<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"relative group inline-block\">\n  <button class=\"favorite\" id=\"favorite\" data-favorite-id=\"60122\" data-favorite-title=\"Cardiac Output (Fick Method)\" data-favorite-url=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/medical\/cardiac-output\/\" data-favorite-excerpt=\"This calculator estimates cardiac output in liters per minute using the Fick method. It is especially useful for clinicians to assess the pumping efficiency of the heart based on oxygen consumption, hemoglobin concentration, and oxygen saturation. By inputting the patient\u2019s body surface area (BSA), hemoglobin (Hgb), arterial (SaO\u2082) and venous (SvO\u2082) oxygen saturation, you can get a non-invasive approximation of cardiac output.\" aria-label=\"Add to Favorites\" data-favorite-icon=\"icon icon-heartbeat\">\n    <span class=\"icon icon-shape-star-empty\"><\/span>\n  <\/button>\n  <div class=\"absolute right-full -translate-y-1\/2 top-1\/2 mr-2 w-max max-w-xs px-3 py-2 bg-gray-800 text-white text-xs rounded shadow-lg opacity-0 group-hover:opacity-100 transition-opacity duration-200 z-10 pointer-events-none\">\n   <span class=\"favorite-tooltip\" id=\"favorite-tooltip\"><\/span>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><form action=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/medical\/cardiac-output\/\" method=\"POST\" class=\"calculator\" id=\"calculator-60122\" data-post=\"60122\"><fieldset class=\"fieldset-input is-1\"><legend class=\"sr-only\">Input Fields<\/legend><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-1\"><label for=\"field-1\">Hemoglobin<\/label><div class=\"term\">Hgb<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><div class=\"field-group\"><input type=\"number\" name=\"hemoglobin\" id=\"field-1\" placeholder=\"Hemoglobin\" step=\"any\" value=\"13\"\/><div class=\"grid grid-cols-1\"><select id=\"field-2\" name=\"hemoglobin_unit\" aria-label=\"Hemoglobin Unit\"><option value=\"0.1\">g\/L<\/option><option value=\"1\">g\/dL<\/option><\/select><svg class=\"pointer-events-none col-start-1 row-start-1 mr-2 size-5 self-center justify-self-end text-gray-500 sm:size-4\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-slot=\"icon\">\n              <path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4.22 6.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 8.94l2.72-2.72a.75.75 0 1 1 1.06 1.06l-3.25 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L4.22 7.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" \/>\n            <\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-2\"><label for=\"field-3\">Arterial oxygen saturation<\/label><div class=\"term\">SaO2<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><div class=\"field-group\"><input type=\"number\" name=\"arterial_oxygen_saturation\" id=\"field-3\" placeholder=\"SaO\u2082\" step=\"any\" value=\"97\"\/><div class=\"grid grid-cols-1\"><select id=\"field-4\" name=\"saturation_unit\" aria-label=\"Saturation Unit\"><option value=\"100\">Fraction<\/option><option value=\"1\">%<\/option><\/select><svg class=\"pointer-events-none col-start-1 row-start-1 mr-2 size-5 self-center justify-self-end text-gray-500 sm:size-4\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-slot=\"icon\">\n              <path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4.22 6.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 8.94l2.72-2.72a.75.75 0 1 1 1.06 1.06l-3.25 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L4.22 7.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" \/>\n            <\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-3\"><label for=\"field-5\">Venous oxygen saturation<\/label><div class=\"term\">SvO2<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><div class=\"field-group\"><input type=\"number\" name=\"venous_oxygen_saturation\" id=\"field-5\" placeholder=\"SvO\u2082\" step=\"any\" value=\"75\"\/><div class=\"grid grid-cols-1\"><select id=\"field-6\" name=\"saturation_unit\" aria-label=\"Saturation Unit\"><option value=\"100\">Fraction<\/option><option value=\"1\">%<\/option><\/select><svg class=\"pointer-events-none col-start-1 row-start-1 mr-2 size-5 self-center justify-self-end text-gray-500 sm:size-4\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-slot=\"icon\">\n              <path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4.22 6.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 8.94l2.72-2.72a.75.75 0 1 1 1.06 1.06l-3.25 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L4.22 7.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" \/>\n            <\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-4\"><label for=\"field-7\">Body Surface Area<\/label><div class=\"term\">BSA<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><input type=\"number\" name=\"body_surface_area\" id=\"field-7\" placeholder=\"Body Surface Area\" step=\"any\" value=\"1.8\"\/><div class=\"unit\">m\u00b2<\/div><\/div><\/fieldset><div class=\"buttons\"><button type=\"submit\" data-text=\"Re-Calculate\" id=\"calculate-button\" data-post=\"60122\">Calculate<\/button><button type=\"reset\">Reset<\/button><\/div><div class=\"field is-checkbox hidden!\" id=\"field-auto-calc\"><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"auto-calc\"><label for=\"auto-calc\">Calculate automatically<\/label><small>If enabled, the result will update automatically when you change any value.<\/small><\/div><div class=\"fieldset-result is-hidden\" aria-labelledby=\"result-title\" aria-live=\"polite\" role=\"region\"> <h3 class=\"result-title bg-gradient-to-r from-primary-50 to-gray-50 dark:from-primary-900 dark:to-gray-800\" id=\"result-title\"><span class=\"icon icon-s-pulse\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span> Your Results<\/h3><div class=\"result-box\"><div class=\"field-result\" id=\"output-1\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Cardiac Output:<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-1\"><\/span><button class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Copy Result\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div><\/div><a href=\"#respond\" class=\"hidden transition-opacity duration-300 opacity-0 w-50 text-sm justify-center items-center gap-2 px-4 py-2 rounded bg-gray-200 text-gray-700 hover:bg-gray-300\" id=\"leave-comment\"><span class=\"icon icon-comments\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Leave a Comment<\/a><\/form><\/section><section id=\"calc-reactions\" class=\"not-prose hidden my-12 bg-gradient-to-r from-primary-50 to-gray-50 border border-indigo-100 rounded-xl px-6 py-4 shadow-sm\" data-post=\"60122\" aria-live=\"polite\"><h2 class=\"text-sm text-gray-500 text-center mb-2\">How did this result make you feel?<\/h2><div class=\"grid grid-cols-3 sm:flex sm:flex-row sm:justify-around gap-4 sm:items-center sm:flex-wrap\"><button class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"like\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"like\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\">\ud83d\ude00 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Like <\/span><\/button><button class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"helpful\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"helpful\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\">\ud83d\udca1 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Helpful <\/span><\/button><button class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"confused\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"confused\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\">\ud83d\ude15 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Confused <\/span><\/button><button class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"disappointed\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"disappointed\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\">\ud83d\ude1e <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Disappointed <\/span><\/button><button class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"inaccurate\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"inaccurate\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\">\u274c <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Inaccurate <\/span><\/button><\/div><div id=\"reaction-message\" class=\"hidden mt-8 rounded-md border border-primary-100 bg-white\/50 backdrop-blur-sm px-4 py-2 text-sm text-center shadow-sm\"><\/div><\/section><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\n     style=\"display:block; text-align:center; margin: 32px 0;\"\n     data-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-1721569815777345\"\n     data-ad-slot=\"6317458308\"><\/ins>\n<script>\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\n<\/script>\n<p><section class=\"formula-box\" aria-labelledby=\"formula-title\">\r\n\t<div id=\"formula-title\" class=\"not-prose font-display mb-4\"><span class=\"icon icon-formula\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2>Fick Method Cardiac Output Formula<\/h2><\/div>\r\n\t<figure class=\"not-prose formula\">\r\n\t\t<figcaption class=\"formula-title\">Formula<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<div class=\"text-base text-gray-800\" id=\"formula\">$$\\text{Cardiac Output} = \\frac{135 \\times \\text{BSA}}{13 \\times \\text{Hgb} \\times (\\text{SaO}_2 &#8211; \\text{SvO}_2)}$$<\/div>\r\n\t<\/figure>\r\n\t<br \/>\n<strong>Where<\/strong>: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>$$BSA$$ = Body Surface Area (m\u00b2)   <\/li>\n<li>$$Hgb$$ = Hemoglobin concentration (g\/dL)   <\/li>\n<li>$$SaO\u2082$$ = Arterial oxygen saturation (fraction or %)   <\/li>\n<li>$$SvO\u2082$$ = Venous oxygen saturation (fraction or %)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The constant 135 is an assumed oxygen consumption value per square meter (ml O\u2082\/min\/m\u00b2), and 13 is derived from the oxygen carrying capacity of hemoglobin.<br \/>\r\n<\/section><br \/>\nThe Fick method is a classical approach to measure cardiac output without catheterization. It assumes a steady state of oxygen consumption and is particularly useful when oxygen saturation values are available. This calculation is useful for assessing patients with heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, or during critical care evaluation. The formula can be adjusted if actual VO\u2082 (oxygen consumption) is measured instead of using 135 ml\/min\/m\u00b2.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This calculator estimates cardiac output in liters per minute using the Fick method. It is especially useful for clinicians to assess the pumping efficiency of the heart based on oxygen consumption, hemoglobin concentration, and oxygen saturation. By inputting the patient\u2019s body surface area (BSA), hemoglobin (Hgb), arterial (SaO\u2082) and venous (SvO\u2082) oxygen saturation, you can get a non-invasive approximation of cardiac output.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":70,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[15],"class_list":["post-60122","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-medical","tag-cardiology"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60122","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/70"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=60122"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60122\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":64659,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60122\/revisions\/64659"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=60122"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=60122"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=60122"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}