{"id":64496,"date":"2025-05-12T09:50:59","date_gmt":"2025-05-12T06:50:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/?p=64496"},"modified":"2025-05-12T09:54:09","modified_gmt":"2025-05-12T06:54:09","slug":"parallel-wire-impedance","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/engineering\/parallel-wire-impedance\/","title":{"rendered":"Parallel Wire Impedance Calculator"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"not-prose calculator-box\" aria-labelledby=\"calculator-title\"><div class=\"flex items-baseline sm:items-center justify-between gap-2 sm:gap-3\"><div class=\"flex flex-col sm:flex-row sm:items-center gap-2\"><span class=\"icon icon-calculator text-primary-700! text-base! dark:text-primary-300!\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"text-lg font-display font-bold\">Impedance Estimator for Parallel Wire Transmission Lines<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"relative group inline-block\">\n  <button class=\"favorite\" id=\"favorite\" data-favorite-id=\"64496\" data-favorite-title=\"Parallel Wire Impedance\" data-favorite-url=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/engineering\/parallel-wire-impedance\/\" data-favorite-excerpt=\"This calculator determines the characteristic impedance of a parallel wire transmission line based on conductor diameter, spacing, and dielectric constant. It\u2019s essential for designing balanced RF lines like twin-lead cables, antennas, and low-loss feeders.\" aria-label=\"Add to Favorites\" data-favorite-icon=\"icon icon-electrical\">\n    <span class=\"icon icon-shape-star-empty\"><\/span>\n  <\/button>\n  <div class=\"absolute right-full -translate-y-1\/2 top-1\/2 mr-2 w-max max-w-xs px-3 py-2 bg-gray-800 text-white text-xs rounded shadow-lg opacity-0 group-hover:opacity-100 transition-opacity duration-200 z-10 pointer-events-none\">\n   <span class=\"favorite-tooltip\" id=\"favorite-tooltip\"><\/span>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><form action=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/engineering\/parallel-wire-impedance\/\" method=\"POST\" class=\"calculator\" id=\"calculator-64496\" data-post=\"64496\"><fieldset class=\"fieldset-input\"><legend class=\"sr-only\">Input Fields<\/legend><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-1\"><label for=\"field-1\">Wire diameter<\/label><div class=\"term\">d<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><input type=\"number\" name=\"wire_diameter\" id=\"field-1\" min=\"0.01\" step=\"0.01\" value=\"2\"\/><div class=\"unit\">mm<\/div><small>Diameter of each conductor<\/small><\/div><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-2\"><label for=\"field-2\">Distance between wires<\/label><div class=\"term\">D<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><input type=\"number\" name=\"distance_between_wires\" id=\"field-2\" min=\"0.01\" step=\"0.01\" value=\"20\"\/><div class=\"unit\">mm<\/div><small>Center-to-center distance between the wires<\/small><\/div><\/fieldset><div class=\"buttons\"><button type=\"submit\" data-text=\"Re-Calculate\" id=\"calculate-button\" data-post=\"64496\">Calculate<\/button><button type=\"reset\">Reset<\/button><\/div><div class=\"field is-checkbox hidden!\" id=\"field-auto-calc\"><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"auto-calc\"><label for=\"auto-calc\">Calculate automatically<\/label><small>If enabled, the result will update automatically when you change any value.<\/small><\/div><div class=\"fieldset-result is-hidden\" aria-labelledby=\"result-title\" aria-live=\"polite\" role=\"region\"> <h3 class=\"result-title bg-gradient-to-r from-primary-50 to-gray-50 dark:from-primary-900 dark:to-gray-800\" id=\"result-title\"><span class=\"icon icon-s-pulse\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span> Your Results<\/h3><div class=\"result-box\"><div class=\"field-result\" id=\"output-1\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Characteristic Impedance<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-1\" data-unit=\"\u03a9\"><\/span><button class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Copy Result\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div><\/div><a href=\"#respond\" class=\"hidden transition-opacity duration-300 opacity-0 w-50 text-sm justify-center items-center gap-2 px-4 py-2 rounded bg-gray-200 text-gray-700 hover:bg-gray-300\" id=\"leave-comment\"><span class=\"icon icon-comments\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Leave a Comment<\/a><\/form><\/section><section id=\"calc-reactions\" class=\"not-prose hidden my-12 bg-gradient-to-r from-primary-50 to-gray-50 border border-indigo-100 rounded-xl px-6 py-4 shadow-sm\" data-post=\"64496\" aria-live=\"polite\"><h2 class=\"text-sm text-gray-500 text-center mb-2\">How did this result make you feel?<\/h2><div class=\"grid grid-cols-3 sm:flex sm:flex-row sm:justify-around gap-4 sm:items-center sm:flex-wrap\"><button class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"like\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"like\">4<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\">\ud83d\ude00 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Like <\/span><\/button><button class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"helpful\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"helpful\">3<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\">\ud83d\udca1 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Helpful <\/span><\/button><button class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"confused\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"confused\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\">\ud83d\ude15 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Confused <\/span><\/button><button class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"disappointed\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"disappointed\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\">\ud83d\ude1e <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Disappointed <\/span><\/button><button class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"inaccurate\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"inaccurate\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\">\u274c <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Inaccurate <\/span><\/button><\/div><div id=\"reaction-message\" class=\"hidden mt-8 rounded-md border border-primary-100 bg-white\/50 backdrop-blur-sm px-4 py-2 text-sm text-center shadow-sm\"><\/div><\/section><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\n     style=\"display:block; text-align:center; margin: 32px 0;\"\n     data-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-1721569815777345\"\n     data-ad-slot=\"6317458308\"><\/ins>\n<script>\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\n<\/script>\n<p><section class=\"formula-box\" aria-labelledby=\"formula-title\">\r\n\t<div id=\"formula-title\" class=\"not-prose font-display mb-4\"><span class=\"icon icon-formula\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2>Parallel Wire Line Impedance Formula<\/h2><\/div>\r\n\t<figure class=\"not-prose formula\">\r\n\t\t<figcaption class=\"formula-title\">Formula<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<div class=\"text-base text-gray-800\" id=\"formula\">\n$$Z_0 = \\frac{120}{\\sqrt{\\varepsilon_r}} \\cdot \\ln\\left( \\frac{2D}{d} \\right)$$\n<\/div>\r\n\t<\/figure>\r\n\t<br \/>\n<strong>Where:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>$$Z_0$$ = characteristic impedance (\u03a9)  <\/li>\n<li>$$D$$ = distance between centers of the wires (m)  <\/li>\n<li>$$d$$ = diameter of each wire (m)  <\/li>\n<li>$$\\varepsilon_r$$ = relative permittivity (dielectric constant)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This formula assumes uniform dielectric and parallel cylindrical conductors in free-space or homogenous medium.<br \/>\r\n<\/section><br \/>\n<section id=\"calculation\" class=\"calculation-box\" aria-labelledby=\"calculation-title\">\r\n\t<div id=\"calculation-title\" class=\"not-prose font-display\"><span class=\"icon icon-unordered-list\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2>Parallel Wire Impedance \u2013 Calculation Example<\/h2><\/div>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\n<h3>Given:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>$$D$$ = 20 mm = 0.02 m  <\/li>\n<li>$$d$$ = 2 mm = 0.002 m <\/li>\n<li>$$\\varepsilon_r$$ = 1 (air)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Calculation:<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>$$Z_0 = \\frac{120}{\\sqrt{1}} \\cdot \\ln\\left( \\frac{2 \\cdot 0.02}{0.002} \\right) = 120 \\cdot \\ln(20) \u2248 120 \\cdot 2.9957 \u2248 359.48~\u03a9$$<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\n\r\n<\/section><br \/>\nParallel wire lines are used in RF communication, amateur radio, and antenna feed systems due to their low loss and ease of construction. This calculator helps designers and hobbyists determine the characteristic impedance of twin-lead or ladder lines. Proper impedance matching ensures maximum power transfer and minimal signal reflection.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This calculator determines the characteristic impedance of a parallel wire transmission line based on conductor diameter, spacing, and dielectric constant. It\u2019s essential for designing balanced RF lines like twin-lead cables, antennas, and low-loss feeders.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":70,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[21],"class_list":["post-64496","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-engineering","tag-electrical"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64496","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/70"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=64496"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64496\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":64503,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64496\/revisions\/64503"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=64496"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=64496"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=64496"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}