{"id":67150,"date":"2026-10-20T09:51:56","date_gmt":"2026-10-20T06:51:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/?p=67150"},"modified":"2026-10-20T09:51:56","modified_gmt":"2026-10-20T06:51:56","slug":"dice-roller","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/life\/dice-roller\/","title":{"rendered":"Dice Roller"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"not-prose calculator-box\" aria-labelledby=\"calculator-title\"><div class=\"flex items-baseline sm:items-center justify-between gap-2 sm:gap-3\"><div class=\"flex flex-col sm:flex-row sm:items-center gap-2\"><span class=\"icon icon-calculator text-primary-700! text-base! dark:text-primary-300!\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 id=\"calculator-title\" class=\"text-lg font-display font-bold\">Roll Virtual Dice<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"calcdash-favorite group\">\n  <button type=\"button\" class=\"favorite\" id=\"favorite\" data-favorite-id=\"67150\" data-favorite-title=\"Dice Roller\" data-favorite-url=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/life\/dice-roller\/\" data-favorite-excerpt=\"Roll 1\u201320 virtual dice, choose a die type or enter dice notation, and add an optional modifier. See the individual faces, total, possible range, average, and recent rolls.\" aria-label=\"Add to Favorites\" data-favorite-icon=\"icon icon-wpcalc-dice\">\n    <span class=\"icon icon-shape-star-empty\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n  <\/button>\n  <div class=\"calcdash-favorite__tip\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n   <span class=\"favorite-tooltip\" id=\"favorite-tooltip\"><\/span>\n  <\/div>\n  <span class=\"sr-only\" role=\"status\" id=\"favorite-status\"><\/span>\n<\/div><\/div><form action=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/life\/dice-roller\/\" method=\"POST\" class=\"calculator\" id=\"calculator-67150\" data-post=\"67150\"><fieldset class=\"fieldset-input is-2\"><legend class=\"sr-only\">Input Fields<\/legend><div class=\"field\" id=\"input-1\"><label for=\"field-1\">Number of dice<\/label><input type=\"text\" name=\"number_of_dice\" id=\"field-1\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" min=\"1\" max=\"20\" value=\"2\"\/><\/div><div class=\"field\" id=\"input-2\"><label for=\"field-2\">Die type<\/label><div class=\"grid grid-cols-1\"><select id=\"field-2\" name=\"die_type\"><option value=\"4\">d4<\/option><option value=\"6\" selected>d6<\/option><option value=\"8\">d8<\/option><option value=\"10\">d10<\/option><option value=\"12\">d12<\/option><option value=\"20\">d20<\/option><option value=\"100\">d100<\/option><option value=\"custom\">Custom sides<\/option><\/select><svg class=\"pointer-events-none col-start-1 row-start-1 mr-2 size-5 self-center justify-self-end text-gray-500 sm:size-4\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-slot=\"icon\">\n              <path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4.22 6.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 8.94l2.72-2.72a.75.75 0 1 1 1.06 1.06l-3.25 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L4.22 7.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" \/>\n            <\/svg><\/div><\/div><div class=\"field\" id=\"input-3\" hidden><label for=\"field-3\">Custom sides<\/label><input type=\"text\" name=\"custom_sides\" id=\"field-3\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" min=\"2\" max=\"1000\" value=\"6\"\/><\/div><div class=\"field\" id=\"input-4\"><label for=\"field-4\">Modifier<\/label><input type=\"number\" name=\"modifier\" id=\"field-4\" aria-describedby=\"calc-info-4\" step=\"1\" value=\"0\"\/><small id=\"calc-info-4\">Added to the sum of the dice.<\/small><\/div><div class=\"field is-single\" id=\"input-5\"><label for=\"field-5\">Dice notation (optional)<\/label><input type=\"text\" name=\"dice_notation_optional\" id=\"field-5\" aria-describedby=\"calc-info-5\" placeholder=\"3d6+2 or 1d20 + 1d4\" step=\"any\"\/><small id=\"calc-info-5\">Overrides the dice, die type, and modifier above. Up to 20 dice total.<\/small><\/div><div class=\"field\" id=\"input-6\"><label for=\"field-6\">d20 roll mode<\/label><div class=\"grid grid-cols-1\"><select id=\"field-6\" name=\"d20_roll_mode\"><option value=\"off\" selected>Normal<\/option><option value=\"adv\">Advantage: keep highest<\/option><option value=\"dis\">Disadvantage: keep lowest<\/option><\/select><svg class=\"pointer-events-none col-start-1 row-start-1 mr-2 size-5 self-center justify-self-end text-gray-500 sm:size-4\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-slot=\"icon\">\n              <path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4.22 6.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 8.94l2.72-2.72a.75.75 0 1 1 1.06 1.06l-3.25 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L4.22 7.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" \/>\n            <\/svg><\/div><\/div><div class=\"field is-checkbox is-single\" id=\"input-7\"><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"field-7\" value=\"1\"\/><label for=\"field-7\">Toggle to roll again<\/label><\/div><\/fieldset><div class=\"buttons\"><button type=\"submit\" data-text=\"Re-Calculate\" id=\"calculate-button\" data-post=\"67150\">Calculate<\/button><button type=\"reset\">Reset<\/button><\/div><div class=\"field is-checkbox hidden!\" id=\"field-auto-calc\"><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"auto-calc\"><label for=\"auto-calc\">Calculate automatically<\/label><small>If enabled, the result will update automatically when you change any value.<\/small><\/div><div class=\"fieldset-result is-hidden\" aria-labelledby=\"result-title\" aria-live=\"polite\" role=\"region\"> <h3 class=\"result-title bg-gradient-to-r from-primary-50 to-gray-50 dark:from-primary-900 dark:to-gray-800\" id=\"result-title\"><span class=\"icon icon-s-pulse\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span> Roll Results<\/h3><div class=\"result-box\"><div class=\"field-result\" id=\"output-1\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Total with modifier<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-1\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Copy Result\" aria-label=\"Copy Result\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"field-result is-column\" id=\"output-2\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Dice faces<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-2\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Copy Result\" aria-label=\"Copy Result\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"field-result\" id=\"output-3\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Minimum possible total<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-3\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Copy Result\" aria-label=\"Copy Result\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"field-result\" id=\"output-4\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Maximum possible total<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-4\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Copy Result\" aria-label=\"Copy Result\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"field-result\" id=\"output-5\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Average possible total<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-5\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Copy Result\" aria-label=\"Copy Result\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"field-result is-column\" id=\"output-6\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Last 10 rolls<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-6\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Copy Result\" aria-label=\"Copy Result\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div><div class=\"result-actions\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-link\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M12.232 4.232a2.5 2.5 0 0 1 3.536 3.536l-1.225 1.224a.75.75 0 0 0 1.061 1.06l1.224-1.224a4 4 0 0 0-5.656-5.656l-3 3a4 4 0 0 0 .225 5.865.75.75 0 0 0 .977-1.138 2.5 2.5 0 0 1-.142-3.667l3-3Z\"\/><path d=\"M11.603 7.963a.75.75 0 0 0-.977 1.138 2.5 2.5 0 0 1 .142 3.667l-3 3a2.5 2.5 0 0 1-3.536-3.536l1.225-1.224a.75.75 0 0 0-1.061-1.06l-1.224 1.224a4 4 0 1 0 5.656 5.656l3-3a4 4 0 0 0-.225-5.865Z\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"copy-link__text\">Copy link to this calculation<\/span><\/button><span class=\"sr-only\" role=\"status\" id=\"copy-link-status\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><a href=\"#respond\" class=\"hidden transition-opacity duration-300 opacity-0 w-50 text-sm justify-center items-center gap-2 px-4 py-2 rounded bg-gray-200 text-gray-700 hover:bg-gray-300\" id=\"leave-comment\"><span class=\"icon icon-comments\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Leave a Comment<\/a><\/form><\/section><section id=\"calc-reactions\" class=\"not-prose hidden my-12 bg-gradient-to-r from-primary-50 to-gray-50 border border-indigo-100 rounded-xl px-6 py-4 shadow-sm\" data-post=\"67150\" aria-live=\"polite\" aria-labelledby=\"calc-reactions-title\"><p id=\"calc-reactions-title\" class=\"text-sm text-gray-500 text-center mb-2\">How did this result make you feel?<\/p><div role=\"group\" aria-labelledby=\"calc-reactions-title\" class=\"grid grid-cols-3 sm:flex sm:flex-row sm:justify-around gap-4 sm:items-center sm:flex-wrap\"><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"like\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"like\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\ude00 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Like <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"helpful\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"helpful\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\udca1 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Helpful <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"confused\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"confused\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\ude15 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Confused <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"disappointed\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"disappointed\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\ude1e <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Disappointed <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"inaccurate\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"inaccurate\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u274c <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Inaccurate <\/span><\/button><\/div><div id=\"reaction-message\" class=\"hidden mt-8 rounded-md border border-primary-100 bg-white\/50 backdrop-blur-sm px-4 py-2 text-sm text-center shadow-sm\"><\/div><\/section><div class=\"calcdash-ad not-prose calcdash-ad--calc_result calcdash-ad--in-article\"><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-1721569815777345\" data-ad-slot=\"6317458308\" data-ad-layout=\"in-article\" data-ad-format=\"fluid\"><\/ins><script>(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});<\/script><\/div>\n<style id=\"wpcoderpro-inline-1\">.formula-box {\r\n\tborder-bottom: none !important;\r\n}<\/style><section class=\"formula-box\" aria-labelledby=\"formula-title\">\r\n\t<div id=\"formula-title\" class=\"not-prose font-display mb-4\"><span class=\"icon icon-formula\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2>Dice Roller Formula<\/h2><\/div>\r\n\t<figure class=\"not-prose formula\">\r\n\t\t<figcaption class=\"formula-title\">Formula<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<div class=\"text-base text-gray-800\" id=\"formula\">\n\\[ \\begin{aligned} T&amp;=\\sum_{i=1}^{n}r_i+M,\\\\ T_{\\min}&amp;=n+M,\\\\ T_{\\max}&amp;=\\sum_{i=1}^{n}s_i+M,\\\\ \\operatorname{E}(T)&amp;=\\sum_{i=1}^{n}\\frac{s_i+1}{2}+M. \\end{aligned} \\]\n<\/div>\r\n\t<\/figure>\r\n\t<\/p>\n<p><strong>Where:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\\(T\\) \u2014 total with modifier<\/li>\n<li>\\(n\\) \u2014 number of dice<\/li>\n<li>\\(r_i\\) \u2014 result of die \\(i\\)<\/li>\n<li>\\(s_i\\) \u2014 number of sides on die \\(i\\)<\/li>\n<li>\\(M\\) \u2014 modifier added to the dice<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>For a normal roll, the total is the sum of the dice faces plus the modifier. The minimum, maximum, and average describe possible totals across many rolls\u2014not a prediction of the next roll. A single d20 rolled with advantage or disadvantage uses the higher or lower of two throws instead.<\/p>\n<p>\r\n<\/section>\n<style id=\"wpcoderpro-inline-459\">.calculation-box {\r\n\tborder-bottom: none !important;\r\n}<\/style><section id=\"calculation\" class=\"calculation-box\" aria-labelledby=\"calculation-title\">\r\n\t<div id=\"calculation-title\" class=\"not-prose font-display\"><span class=\"icon icon-unordered-list\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2>Dice Roller \u2013 Calculation Example<\/h2><\/div>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>Example:<\/strong> With the default settings of two d6 dice and a modifier of 0, suppose the dice show 3 and 5.<\/p>\n<p>\\[ T=3+5+0=8 \\]<\/p>\n<p>\\[ T_{\\min}=2,\\qquad T_{\\max}=12,\\qquad \\operatorname{E}(T)=7 \\]<\/p>\n<p><strong>Result:<\/strong> this roll totals 8. Its possible totals run from 2 to 12, with an average of 7. Your dice faces\u2014and therefore your total\u2014will usually differ.<\/p>\n<p>\n\r\n<\/section>\n<h2>How to use the Dice Roller<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>Enter a whole number from 1 to 20 in <strong>Number of dice<\/strong>. The default is 2.<\/li>\n<li>Choose a <strong>Die type<\/strong>: d4, d6, d8, d10, d12, d20, or d100. To use another size, select Custom sides and enter a whole number from 2 to 1,000 in <strong>Custom sides<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Enter a positive, negative, or zero whole number in <strong>Modifier<\/strong>. It is added once to the sum, not once per die.<\/li>\n<li>Alternatively, enter an expression in <strong>Dice notation (optional)<\/strong>, such as <code>3d6+2<\/code> or <code>1d20 + 1d4<\/code>. Notation overrides Number of dice, Die type, Custom sides, and Modifier.<\/li>\n<li>Choose <strong>d20 roll mode<\/strong>. Leave it at Normal for an ordinary roll, or select advantage or disadvantage when the roll consists of exactly one d20.<\/li>\n<li>Read <strong>Dice faces<\/strong> and <strong>Total with modifier<\/strong>. To repeat the same setup without changing its values, switch <strong>Toggle to roll again<\/strong>. Changing a setting also produces a new roll.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>What the roll results mean<\/h2>\n<p>A die labeled d6 has six numbered faces, from 1 through 6; a d20 has faces from 1 through 20. The Dice Roller generates a face for each die and adds those results together. <strong>Total with modifier<\/strong> is the value to use if your game or activity calls for a single number. <strong>Dice faces<\/strong> shows the individual outcomes; d6 results appear as pip symbols, while other die types show numbers.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Minimum possible total<\/strong> assumes every die shows 1, while <strong>Maximum possible total<\/strong> assumes every die shows its highest face. The modifier shifts both endpoints. A negative modifier can make the minimum total zero or negative even though every die face is positive. These endpoints describe what is possible, not what is likely: with the default 2d6 setup, a total of 2 occurs only when both dice show 1.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Average possible total<\/strong> is the expected value over many rolls. For two d6 dice with no modifier, it is 7, but a particular roll can produce any integer from 2 to 12. Totals in the middle are more common because more face combinations produce them: six of the 36 equally likely combinations total 7, while only one totals 2. The displayed average is not a running average of your recent results.<\/p>\n<p>With <strong>Advantage: keep highest<\/strong>, the calculator throws two d20s and uses the higher face. With <strong>Disadvantage: keep lowest<\/strong>, it uses the lower face. Both faces are shown and marked kept or dropped; even a tie contributes just one face to the total. Before any modifier, the possible range remains 1\u201320, but the average changes from 10.5 for a normal d20 to 13.825 with advantage or 7.175 with disadvantage.<\/p>\n<h2>Notation, limits, and practical tips<\/h2>\n<p>Dice notation is useful when a roll mixes die sizes. For example, <code>1d20+1d4-2<\/code> rolls one d20 and one d4, then subtracts 2 from their sum. You can omit the count for a single die, as in <code>d20<\/code>. Spaces are allowed. Dice terms must be added rather than subtracted; the notation field accepts whole-number modifiers but not multiplication or fractions.<\/p>\n<p>A roll can contain at most 20 dice, each with 2\u20131,000 sides. A standard <strong>Modifier<\/strong> must be between \u22121,000,000 and 1,000,000; the combined modifier in dice notation has the same limits. Advantage and disadvantage work only for a single d20, whether selected through the fields or entered as <code>1d20<\/code>. They cannot be applied to a mixed roll such as <code>1d20+1d4<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Last 10 rolls<\/strong> records recent valid rolls on the current page, showing the dice setup, thrown faces, and total. Toggling the repeat checkbox makes another roll with the same settings; merely reading the results does not. The roller uses the browser\u2019s cryptographic random-number generator and avoids modulo bias when mapping random values to die faces. Results are suitable for games and informal decisions, but past rolls do not make any particular face more likely on the next roll.<\/p>\n<p>If a group uses a die to choose who goes first or assign a task, agree on what each outcome means before rolling. For shared expenses, use the <a href=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/life\/bill-split-calculator\/\">Bill Split calculator<\/a> to work out amounts rather than relying on a random result. If the activity is part of a trip, the <a href=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/life\/travel-budget-calculator\/\">Travel Budget calculator<\/a> can help plan the costs separately.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Roll 1\u201320 virtual dice, choose a die type or enter dice notation, and add an optional modifier. See the individual faces, total, possible range, average, and recent rolls.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3168,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[101],"class_list":["post-67150","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-life","tag-games-chance"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/67150","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3168"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=67150"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/67150\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":67223,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/67150\/revisions\/67223"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=67150"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=67150"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=67150"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}