{"id":387,"date":"2026-10-03T06:01:30","date_gmt":"2026-10-03T03:01:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/fr\/?p=387"},"modified":"2026-10-03T06:01:30","modified_gmt":"2026-10-03T03:01:30","slug":"calculateur-equilibre-hardy-weinberg","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/fr\/medical\/calculateur-equilibre-hardy-weinberg\/","title":{"rendered":"Calculateur d\u2019\u00e9quilibre de Hardy-Weinberg"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"not-prose calculator-box\" aria-labelledby=\"calculator-title\"><div class=\"flex items-baseline sm:items-center justify-between gap-2 sm:gap-3\"><div class=\"flex flex-col sm:flex-row sm:items-center gap-2\"><span class=\"icon icon-calculator text-primary-700! text-base! dark:text-primary-300!\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 id=\"calculator-title\" class=\"text-lg font-display font-bold\">Fr\u00e9quences de Hardy-Weinberg et test du khi carr\u00e9<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"calcdash-favorite group\">\n  <button type=\"button\" class=\"favorite\" id=\"favorite\" data-favorite-id=\"387\" data-favorite-title=\"\u00c9quilibre de Hardy-Weinberg\" data-favorite-url=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/fr\/medical\/calculateur-equilibre-hardy-weinberg\/\" data-favorite-excerpt=\"Saisissez les effectifs observ\u00e9s d\u2019individus homozygotes dominants, h\u00e9t\u00e9rozygotes et homozygotes r\u00e9cessifs pour calculer les fr\u00e9quences all\u00e9liques (p et q), les fr\u00e9quences g\u00e9notypiques attendues et une statistique du khi carr\u00e9 permettant de tester si la population est \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9quilibre de Hardy-Weinberg.\" aria-label=\"Ajouter aux favoris\" data-favorite-icon=\"icon icon-flask\">\n    <span class=\"icon icon-shape-star-empty\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n  <\/button>\n  <div class=\"calcdash-favorite__tip\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n   <span class=\"favorite-tooltip\" id=\"favorite-tooltip\"><\/span>\n  <\/div>\n  <span class=\"sr-only\" role=\"status\" id=\"favorite-status\"><\/span>\n<\/div><\/div><form action=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/fr\/medical\/calculateur-equilibre-hardy-weinberg\/\" method=\"POST\" class=\"calculator\" id=\"calculator-387\" data-post=\"387\"><fieldset class=\"fieldset-input is-1\"><legend class=\"sr-only\">Champs de saisie<\/legend><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-1\"><label for=\"field-1\">Homozygotes dominants<\/label><div class=\"term\">CH<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><input type=\"text\" name=\"homozygotes_dominants\" id=\"field-1\" aria-describedby=\"calc-info-1\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" min=\"0\" value=\"50\"\/><small id=\"calc-info-1\">Nombre d\u2019individus de g\u00e9notype homozygote dominant (AA)<\/small><\/div><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-2\"><label for=\"field-2\">H\u00e9t\u00e9rozygotes<\/label><div class=\"term\">H<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><input type=\"text\" name=\"htrozygotes\" id=\"field-2\" aria-describedby=\"calc-info-2\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" min=\"0\" value=\"30\"\/><small id=\"calc-info-2\">Nombre d\u2019individus h\u00e9t\u00e9rozygotes (Aa)<\/small><\/div><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-3\"><label for=\"field-3\">Homozygotes r\u00e9cessifs<\/label><div class=\"term\">RH<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><input type=\"text\" name=\"homozygotes_rcessifs\" id=\"field-3\" aria-describedby=\"calc-info-3\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" min=\"0\" value=\"20\"\/><small id=\"calc-info-3\">Nombre d\u2019individus de g\u00e9notype homozygote r\u00e9cessif (aa)<\/small><\/div><\/fieldset><div class=\"buttons\"><button type=\"submit\" data-text=\"Recalculer\" id=\"calculate-button\" data-post=\"387\">Calculer<\/button><button type=\"reset\">R\u00e9initialiser<\/button><\/div><div class=\"field is-checkbox hidden!\" id=\"field-auto-calc\"><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"auto-calc\"><label for=\"auto-calc\">Calculer automatiquement<\/label><small>Si activ\u00e9, le r\u00e9sultat se met \u00e0 jour automatiquement d\u00e8s que vous modifiez une valeur.<\/small><\/div><div class=\"fieldset-result is-hidden\" aria-labelledby=\"result-title\" aria-live=\"polite\" role=\"region\"> <h3 class=\"result-title bg-gradient-to-r from-primary-50 to-gray-50 dark:from-primary-900 dark:to-gray-800\" id=\"result-title\"><span class=\"icon icon-s-pulse\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span> Vos r\u00e9sultats<\/h3><div class=\"result-box\"><div class=\"field-result\" id=\"output-1\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Fr\u00e9quence de l\u2019all\u00e8le p<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-1\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Copier le r\u00e9sultat\" aria-label=\"Copier le r\u00e9sultat\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"field-result\" id=\"output-2\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Fr\u00e9quence de l\u2019all\u00e8le q<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-2\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Copier le r\u00e9sultat\" aria-label=\"Copier le r\u00e9sultat\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"field-result\" id=\"output-3\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>CH attendus (AA)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-3\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Copier le r\u00e9sultat\" aria-label=\"Copier le r\u00e9sultat\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"field-result\" id=\"output-4\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>H attendus (Aa)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-4\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Copier le r\u00e9sultat\" aria-label=\"Copier le r\u00e9sultat\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"field-result\" id=\"output-5\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>RH attendus (aa)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-5\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Copier le r\u00e9sultat\" aria-label=\"Copier le r\u00e9sultat\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"field-result\" id=\"output-6\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Khi-deux (\u03c7\u00b2)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-6\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Copier le r\u00e9sultat\" aria-label=\"Copier le r\u00e9sultat\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div><div class=\"result-actions\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-link\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M12.232 4.232a2.5 2.5 0 0 1 3.536 3.536l-1.225 1.224a.75.75 0 0 0 1.061 1.06l1.224-1.224a4 4 0 0 0-5.656-5.656l-3 3a4 4 0 0 0 .225 5.865.75.75 0 0 0 .977-1.138 2.5 2.5 0 0 1-.142-3.667l3-3Z\"\/><path d=\"M11.603 7.963a.75.75 0 0 0-.977 1.138 2.5 2.5 0 0 1 .142 3.667l-3 3a2.5 2.5 0 0 1-3.536-3.536l1.225-1.224a.75.75 0 0 0-1.061-1.06l-1.224 1.224a4 4 0 1 0 5.656 5.656l3-3a4 4 0 0 0-.225-5.865Z\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"copy-link__text\">Copier le lien vers ce calcul<\/span><\/button><span class=\"sr-only\" role=\"status\" id=\"copy-link-status\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><a href=\"#respond\" class=\"hidden transition-opacity duration-300 opacity-0 w-50 text-sm justify-center items-center gap-2 px-4 py-2 rounded bg-gray-200 text-gray-700 hover:bg-gray-300\" id=\"leave-comment\"><span class=\"icon icon-comments\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Laisser un commentaire<\/a><\/form><\/section><section id=\"calc-reactions\" class=\"not-prose hidden my-12 bg-gradient-to-r from-primary-50 to-gray-50 border border-indigo-100 rounded-xl px-6 py-4 shadow-sm\" data-post=\"387\" aria-live=\"polite\" aria-labelledby=\"calc-reactions-title\"><p id=\"calc-reactions-title\" class=\"text-sm text-gray-500 text-center mb-2\">Que pensez-vous de ce r\u00e9sultat\u00a0?<\/p><div role=\"group\" aria-labelledby=\"calc-reactions-title\" class=\"grid grid-cols-3 sm:flex sm:flex-row sm:justify-around gap-4 sm:items-center sm:flex-wrap\"><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"like\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"like\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\ude00 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">J\u2019aime <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"helpful\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"helpful\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\udca1 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Utile <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"confused\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"confused\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\ude15 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Confus <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"disappointed\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"disappointed\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\ude1e <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">D\u00e9\u00e7u <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"inaccurate\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"inaccurate\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u274c <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Inexact <\/span><\/button><\/div><div id=\"reaction-message\" class=\"hidden mt-8 rounded-md border border-primary-100 bg-white\/50 backdrop-blur-sm px-4 py-2 text-sm text-center shadow-sm\"><\/div><\/section><div class=\"calcdash-ad not-prose calcdash-ad--calc_result calcdash-ad--in-article\"><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-1721569815777345\" data-ad-slot=\"6317458308\" data-ad-layout=\"in-article\" data-ad-format=\"fluid\"><\/ins><script>(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});<\/script><\/div>\n<style id=\"wpcoderpro-inline-1\">.formula-box {\r\n\tborder-bottom: none !important;\r\n}<\/style><section class=\"formula-box\" aria-labelledby=\"formula-title\">\r\n\t<div id=\"formula-title\" class=\"not-prose font-display mb-4\"><span class=\"icon icon-formula\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2>Formule de l\u2019\u00e9quilibre de Hardy-Weinberg<\/h2><\/div>\r\n\t<figure class=\"not-prose formula\">\r\n\t\t<figcaption class=\"formula-title\">Formule<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<div class=\"text-base text-gray-800\" id=\"formula\">\n\\[ p = \\frac{CH + 0.5 \\cdot H}{CH + H + RH}, \\qquad q = \\frac{RH + 0.5 \\cdot H}{CH + H + RH} \\\\\nE_{CH} = p^2 N, \\qquad E_H = 2pqN, \\qquad E_{RH} = q^2 N \\\\\n\\chi^2 = \\frac{(CH - E_{CH})^2}{E_{CH}} + \\frac{(H - E_H)^2}{E_H} + \\frac{(RH - E_{RH})^2}{E_{RH}} \\]\n<\/div>\r\n\t<\/figure>\r\n\t<\/p>\n<p><strong>O\u00f9&nbsp;:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\\(CH\\) \u2014 nombre d\u2019individus homozygotes dominants (AA)<\/li>\n<li>\\(H\\) \u2014 nombre d\u2019individus h\u00e9t\u00e9rozygotes (Aa)<\/li>\n<li>\\(RH\\) \u2014 nombre d\u2019individus homozygotes r\u00e9cessifs (aa)<\/li>\n<li>\\(N\\) \u2014 taille totale de la population, \\(N = CH + H + RH\\)<\/li>\n<li>\\(p\\), \\(q\\) \u2014 fr\u00e9quences des all\u00e8les A et a (\\(p + q = 1\\))<\/li>\n<li>\\(E_{CH}\\), \\(E_H\\), \\(E_{RH}\\) \u2014 effectifs g\u00e9notypiques attendus \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9quilibre<\/li>\n<li>\\(\\chi^2\\) \u2014 statistique du khi carr\u00e9 mesurant l\u2019\u00e9cart par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9quilibre<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Les deux premi\u00e8res \u00e9quations estiment les fr\u00e9quences all\u00e9liques \u00e0 partir des effectifs g\u00e9notypiques (les h\u00e9t\u00e9rozygotes apportent une copie de chaque all\u00e8le), les trois \u00e9quations suivantes donnent les effectifs g\u00e9notypiques attendus \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9quilibre de Hardy-Weinberg, et la derni\u00e8re mesure l\u2019\u00e9cart entre les effectifs observ\u00e9s et ces valeurs attendues.<\/p>\n<p>\r\n<\/section>\n<style id=\"wpcoderpro-inline-2\">.calculation-box {\r\n\tborder-bottom: none !important;\r\n}<\/style><section id=\"calculation\" class=\"calculation-box\" aria-labelledby=\"calculation-title\">\r\n\t<div id=\"calculation-title\" class=\"not-prose font-display\"><span class=\"icon icon-unordered-list\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2>\u00c9quilibre de Hardy-Weinberg \u2013 exemple de calcul<\/h2><\/div>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>Exemple&nbsp;:<\/strong> un \u00e9chantillon de 100 individus comprend 50 homozygotes dominants (AA), 30 h\u00e9t\u00e9rozygotes (Aa) et 20 homozygotes r\u00e9cessifs (aa).<\/p>\n<p>\\[ p = \\frac{50 + 0.5 \\cdot 30}{100} = 0.65, \\qquad q = \\frac{20 + 0.5 \\cdot 30}{100} = 0.35 \\]<\/p>\n<p>\\[ E_{CH} = 0.65^2 \\cdot 100 = 42.25, \\quad E_H = 2(0.65)(0.35) \\cdot 100 = 45.5, \\quad E_{RH} = 0.35^2 \\cdot 100 = 12.25 \\]<\/p>\n<p>\\[ \\chi^2 = \\frac{(50 - 42.25)^2}{42.25} + \\frac{(30 - 45.5)^2}{45.5} + \\frac{(20 - 12.25)^2}{12.25} \\approx 11.61 \\]<\/p>\n<p><strong>R\u00e9sultat :<\/strong> \\(p = 0.65\\), \\(q = 0.35\\) ; effectifs attendus de 42,25 AA, 45,5 Aa et 12,25 aa ; \\(\\chi^2 \\approx 11.61\\). Comme 11,61 d\u00e9passe la valeur critique de 3,84 (1 degr\u00e9 de libert\u00e9, \\(\\alpha = 0.05\\)), la population s\u2019\u00e9carte significativement de l\u2019\u00e9quilibre de Hardy-Weinberg&nbsp;: elle pr\u00e9sente un d\u00e9ficit d\u2019h\u00e9t\u00e9rozygotes.<\/p>\n<p>\n\r\n<\/section>\n<h2>Comment utiliser le calculateur<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>Saisissez le nombre d\u2019individus <strong>homozygotes dominants<\/strong> (g\u00e9notype AA) dans le premier champ.<\/li>\n<li>Saisissez le nombre d\u2019individus <strong>h\u00e9t\u00e9rozygotes<\/strong> (g\u00e9notype Aa) dans le deuxi\u00e8me champ.<\/li>\n<li>Saisissez le nombre d\u2019individus <strong>homozygotes r\u00e9cessifs<\/strong> (g\u00e9notype aa) dans le troisi\u00e8me champ.<\/li>\n<li>Consultez les r\u00e9sultats&nbsp;: les fr\u00e9quences all\u00e9liques <strong>p<\/strong> et <strong>q<\/strong>, les effectifs <strong>attendus<\/strong> de chaque g\u00e9notype et la statistique du <strong>khi carr\u00e9 (\u03c7\u00b2)<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Comparez la valeur du khi carr\u00e9 \u00e0 la valeur critique ci-dessous pour d\u00e9terminer si la population est \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9quilibre.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Qu\u2019est-ce que l\u2019\u00e9quilibre de Hardy-Weinberg ?<\/h2>\n<p>Le principe de Hardy-Weinberg \u00e9nonce que les fr\u00e9quences all\u00e9liques et g\u00e9notypiques d\u2019une population restent constantes d\u2019une g\u00e9n\u00e9ration \u00e0 l\u2019autre en l\u2019absence de forces \u00e9volutives. Pour un g\u00e8ne poss\u00e9dant deux all\u00e8les, A et a, de fr\u00e9quences \\(p\\) et \\(q\\) (o\u00f9 \\(p + q = 1\\)), les fr\u00e9quences g\u00e9notypiques apr\u00e8s une g\u00e9n\u00e9ration d\u2019accouplements al\u00e9atoires sont \\(p^2\\) (AA), \\(2pq\\) (Aa) et \\(q^2\\) (aa). Cette relation ne s\u2019applique que dans des conditions id\u00e9ales&nbsp;: absence de mutation, de migration et de s\u00e9lection naturelle, population de taille infinie (sans d\u00e9rive g\u00e9n\u00e9tique) et accouplements al\u00e9atoires.<\/p>\n<p>Comme les populations r\u00e9elles remplissent rarement toutes ces conditions \u00e0 la perfection, l\u2019\u00e9quilibre de Hardy-Weinberg sert de mod\u00e8le nul. Si les effectifs g\u00e9notypiques observ\u00e9s correspondent aux proportions attendues \\(p^2 : 2pq : q^2\\), rien n\u2019indique que des forces \u00e9volutives agissent sur ce locus. Dans le cas contraire, l\u2019\u00e9cart sugg\u00e8re qu\u2019une ou plusieurs hypoth\u00e8ses ne sont pas respect\u00e9es&nbsp;: s\u00e9lection, accouplements non al\u00e9atoires (consanguinit\u00e9), d\u00e9rive g\u00e9n\u00e9tique, mutation, migration ou erreur de g\u00e9notypage.<\/p>\n<p>Le test d\u2019ad\u00e9quation du khi carr\u00e9 quantifie l\u2019\u00e9cart entre les effectifs observ\u00e9s et attendus. Comme les fr\u00e9quences all\u00e9liques sont estim\u00e9es \u00e0 partir des m\u00eames donn\u00e9es, le test comporte \\(3 - 1 - 1 = 1\\) degr\u00e9 de libert\u00e9. Au seuil de signification habituel de 0,05, la valeur critique est de 3,84&nbsp;: un \u03c7\u00b2 inf\u00e9rieur \u00e0 3,84 est compatible avec l\u2019\u00e9quilibre, tandis qu\u2019une valeur sup\u00e9rieure sugg\u00e8re un \u00e9cart significatif. Les fr\u00e9quences all\u00e9liques p et q restent en elles-m\u00eames des indicateurs synth\u00e9tiques utiles, m\u00eame lorsque l\u2019hypoth\u00e8se d\u2019\u00e9quilibre est rejet\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<p>Cet outil est largement utilis\u00e9 en g\u00e9n\u00e9tique des populations, en biologie \u00e9volutive et dans les exercices scolaires. Dans le cadre du conseil g\u00e9n\u00e9tique, les fr\u00e9quences all\u00e9liques servent aussi \u00e0 estimer le risque d\u2019\u00eatre porteur : consultez le <a href=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/fr\/medical\/transmission-groupes-sanguins\/\">calculateur de transmission des groupes sanguins<\/a> pour voir comment les combinaisons de g\u00e9notypes se transmettent des parents \u00e0 leurs enfants.<\/p>\n<h2>Interpr\u00e9ter le r\u00e9sultat du test du khi carr\u00e9<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Degr\u00e9s de libert\u00e9<\/th>\n<th>Valeur critique du \u03c7\u00b2 (\u03b1 = 0,05)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>3,841<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>5,991<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Pour ce test, utilisez 1 degr\u00e9 de libert\u00e9, puisqu\u2019une fr\u00e9quence all\u00e9lique est estim\u00e9e \u00e0 partir des donn\u00e9es. Si votre valeur de \u03c7\u00b2 est inf\u00e9rieure \u00e0 3,841, acceptez l\u2019hypoth\u00e8se nulle d\u2019\u00e9quilibre&nbsp;; si elle est sup\u00e9rieure, l\u2019\u00e9cart est statistiquement significatif au seuil de 5&nbsp;%.<\/p>\n<h2>Hypoth\u00e8ses et limites<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Le calculateur suppose un seul locus autosomique poss\u00e9dant exactement deux all\u00e8les et une dominance compl\u00e8te (AA et Aa se distinguent ph\u00e9notypiquement de aa, et les g\u00e9notypes peuvent \u00eatre d\u00e9nombr\u00e9s directement, par exemple gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un test g\u00e9n\u00e9tique).<\/li>\n<li>L\u2019\u00e9quilibre exige des accouplements al\u00e9atoires, l\u2019absence de s\u00e9lection, de mutation et de migration, ainsi qu\u2019une grande population. Un \u03c7\u00b2 significatif indique qu\u2019au moins une de ces hypoth\u00e8ses n\u2019est pas respect\u00e9e, sans pr\u00e9ciser laquelle.<\/li>\n<li>L\u2019approximation du khi carr\u00e9 n\u2019est pas fiable lorsque les effectifs attendus sont faibles (en r\u00e8gle g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, si un \\(E &lt; 5\\)). Dans ce cas, regroupez des classes g\u00e9notypiques ou recueillez un \u00e9chantillon plus grand.<\/li>\n<li>Les erreurs de g\u00e9notypage, les biais d\u2019\u00e9chantillonnage et le regroupement de sous-populations (effet Wahlund) peuvent tous produire des d\u00e9ficits apparents d\u2019h\u00e9t\u00e9rozygotes qui ressemblent \u00e0 un d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibre.<\/li>\n<li>Le test ne d\u00e9tecte les \u00e9carts que pour un seul locus ; tirer des conclusions sur une population enti\u00e8re n\u00e9cessite d\u2019examiner plusieurs locus.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Saisissez les effectifs observ\u00e9s d\u2019individus homozygotes dominants, h\u00e9t\u00e9rozygotes et homozygotes r\u00e9cessifs pour calculer les fr\u00e9quences all\u00e9liques (p et q), les fr\u00e9quences g\u00e9notypiques attendues et une statistique du khi carr\u00e9 permettant de tester si la population est \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9quilibre de Hardy-Weinberg.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3168,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[35],"class_list":["post-387","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-medical","tag-diagnostics"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/387","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3168"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=387"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/387\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4892,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/387\/revisions\/4892"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=387"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=387"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=387"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}