{"id":5833,"date":"2026-10-15T04:13:47","date_gmt":"2026-10-15T01:13:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/fr\/ingenierie\/impedance-rlc-serie\/"},"modified":"2026-10-15T04:13:47","modified_gmt":"2026-10-15T01:13:47","slug":"impedance-rlc-serie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/fr\/ingenierie\/impedance-rlc-serie\/","title":{"rendered":"Imp\u00e9dance d'un circuit RLC en s\u00e9rie"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"not-prose calculator-box\" aria-labelledby=\"calculator-title\"><div class=\"flex items-baseline sm:items-center justify-between gap-2 sm:gap-3\"><div class=\"flex flex-col sm:flex-row sm:items-center gap-2\"><span class=\"icon icon-calculator text-primary-700! text-base! dark:text-primary-300!\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 id=\"calculator-title\" class=\"text-lg font-display font-bold\">Calculer l&#039;imp\u00e9dance d&#039;un circuit RLC en s\u00e9rie<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"calcdash-favorite group\">\n  <button type=\"button\" class=\"favorite\" id=\"favorite\" data-favorite-id=\"5833\" data-favorite-title=\"Imp\u00e9dance RLC\" data-favorite-url=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/fr\/ingenierie\/impedance-rlc-serie\/\" data-favorite-excerpt=\"Calculez l&#039;imp\u00e9dance d&#039;un circuit RLC en s\u00e9rie \u00e0 partir de la r\u00e9sistance, de l&#039;inductance, de la capacit\u00e9 et de la fr\u00e9quence. Saisissez R, L, C et f pour obtenir l&#039;imp\u00e9dance complexe, son module et le d\u00e9phasage.\" aria-label=\"Ajouter aux favoris\" data-favorite-icon=\"icon icon-electrical\">\n    <span class=\"icon icon-shape-star-empty\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n  <\/button>\n  <div class=\"calcdash-favorite__tip\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n   <span class=\"favorite-tooltip\" id=\"favorite-tooltip\"><\/span>\n  <\/div>\n  <span class=\"sr-only\" role=\"status\" id=\"favorite-status\"><\/span>\n<\/div><\/div><form action=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/fr\/ingenierie\/impedance-rlc-serie\/\" method=\"POST\" class=\"calculator\" id=\"calculator-5833\" data-post=\"5833\"><fieldset class=\"fieldset-input is-2\"><legend class=\"sr-only\">Champs de saisie<\/legend><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-1\"><label for=\"field-1\">R\u00e9sistance (R)<\/label><div class=\"term\">R<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><div class=\"field-group\"><input type=\"text\" name=\"rsistance_r\" id=\"field-1\" aria-describedby=\"calc-info-1\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" min=\"0\" value=\"100\"\/><div class=\"grid grid-cols-1\"><select id=\"field-2\" name=\"unit\" aria-label=\"Unit\u00e9\"><option value=\"m\u03a9\">m\u03a9<\/option><option value=\"\u03a9\" selected>\u03a9<\/option><option value=\"k\u03a9\">k\u03a9<\/option><option value=\"M\u03a9\">M\u03a9<\/option><\/select><svg class=\"pointer-events-none col-start-1 row-start-1 mr-2 size-5 self-center justify-self-end text-gray-500 sm:size-4\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-slot=\"icon\">\n              <path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4.22 6.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 8.94l2.72-2.72a.75.75 0 1 1 1.06 1.06l-3.25 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L4.22 7.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" \/>\n            <\/svg><\/div><\/div><small id=\"calc-info-1\">R\u00e9sistance totale en s\u00e9rie, y compris la r\u00e9sistance propre de la bobine<\/small><\/div><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-2\"><label for=\"field-3\">Inductance (L)<\/label><div class=\"term\">L<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><div class=\"field-group\"><input type=\"text\" name=\"inductance_l\" id=\"field-3\" aria-describedby=\"calc-info-3\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" min=\"1.0E-12\" value=\"10\"\/><div class=\"grid grid-cols-1\"><select id=\"field-4\" name=\"unit\" aria-label=\"Unit\u00e9\"><option value=\"\u00b5H\">\u00b5H<\/option><option value=\"mH\" selected>mH<\/option><option value=\"H\">H<\/option><\/select><svg class=\"pointer-events-none col-start-1 row-start-1 mr-2 size-5 self-center justify-self-end text-gray-500 sm:size-4\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-slot=\"icon\">\n              <path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4.22 6.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 8.94l2.72-2.72a.75.75 0 1 1 1.06 1.06l-3.25 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L4.22 7.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" \/>\n            <\/svg><\/div><\/div><small id=\"calc-info-3\">Bobine mont\u00e9e en s\u00e9rie<\/small><\/div><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-3\"><label for=\"field-5\">Capacit\u00e9 (C)<\/label><div class=\"term\">C<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><div class=\"field-group\"><input type=\"text\" name=\"capacit_c\" id=\"field-5\" aria-describedby=\"calc-info-5\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" min=\"1.0E-15\" value=\"1\"\/><div class=\"grid grid-cols-1\"><select id=\"field-6\" name=\"unit\" aria-label=\"Unit\u00e9\"><option value=\"F\">F<\/option><option value=\"\u00b5F\" selected>\u00b5F<\/option><option value=\"nF\">nF<\/option><option value=\"pF\">pF<\/option><\/select><svg class=\"pointer-events-none col-start-1 row-start-1 mr-2 size-5 self-center justify-self-end text-gray-500 sm:size-4\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-slot=\"icon\">\n              <path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4.22 6.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 8.94l2.72-2.72a.75.75 0 1 1 1.06 1.06l-3.25 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L4.22 7.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" \/>\n            <\/svg><\/div><\/div><small id=\"calc-info-5\">Condensateur mont\u00e9 en s\u00e9rie<\/small><\/div><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-4\"><label for=\"field-7\">Fr\u00e9quence (f)<\/label><div class=\"term\">f<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><div class=\"field-group\"><input type=\"text\" name=\"frquence_f\" id=\"field-7\" aria-describedby=\"calc-info-7\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" min=\"1.0E-6\" value=\"1\"\/><div class=\"grid grid-cols-1\"><select id=\"field-8\" name=\"unit\" aria-label=\"Unit\u00e9\"><option value=\"Hz\">Hz<\/option><option value=\"kHz\" selected>kHz<\/option><option value=\"MHz\">MHz<\/option><\/select><svg class=\"pointer-events-none col-start-1 row-start-1 mr-2 size-5 self-center justify-self-end text-gray-500 sm:size-4\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-slot=\"icon\">\n              <path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4.22 6.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 8.94l2.72-2.72a.75.75 0 1 1 1.06 1.06l-3.25 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L4.22 7.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" \/>\n            <\/svg><\/div><\/div><small id=\"calc-info-7\">Fr\u00e9quence du courant alternatif d&#039;alimentation<\/small><\/div><\/fieldset><div class=\"buttons\"><button type=\"submit\" data-text=\"Recalculer\" id=\"calculate-button\" data-post=\"5833\">Calculer<\/button><button type=\"reset\">R\u00e9initialiser<\/button><\/div><div class=\"field is-checkbox hidden!\" id=\"field-auto-calc\"><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"auto-calc\"><label for=\"auto-calc\">Calculer automatiquement<\/label><small>Si activ\u00e9, le r\u00e9sultat se met \u00e0 jour automatiquement d\u00e8s que vous modifiez une valeur.<\/small><\/div><div class=\"fieldset-result is-hidden\" aria-labelledby=\"result-title\" aria-live=\"polite\" role=\"region\"> <h3 class=\"result-title bg-gradient-to-r from-primary-50 to-gray-50 dark:from-primary-900 dark:to-gray-800\" id=\"result-title\"><span class=\"icon icon-s-pulse\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span> R\u00e9sultats de l&#039;imp\u00e9dance<\/h3><div class=\"result-box\"><div class=\"field-result is-column\" id=\"output-1\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Imp\u00e9dance complexe<\/span><span class=\"result-term\">Z<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-1\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Copier le r\u00e9sultat\" aria-label=\"Copier le r\u00e9sultat\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"field-result\" id=\"output-2\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Module de l&#039;imp\u00e9dance<\/span><span class=\"result-term\">|Z|<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-2\" data-unit=\"\u03a9\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Copier le r\u00e9sultat\" aria-label=\"Copier le r\u00e9sultat\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"field-result\" id=\"output-3\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Angle de phase<\/span><span class=\"result-term\">\u03c6<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-3\" data-unit=\"\u00b0\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Copier le r\u00e9sultat\" aria-label=\"Copier le r\u00e9sultat\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"field-result is-column\" id=\"output-4\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>D\u00e9tails du calcul<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-4\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Copier le r\u00e9sultat\" aria-label=\"Copier le r\u00e9sultat\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div><div class=\"result-actions\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-link\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M12.232 4.232a2.5 2.5 0 0 1 3.536 3.536l-1.225 1.224a.75.75 0 0 0 1.061 1.06l1.224-1.224a4 4 0 0 0-5.656-5.656l-3 3a4 4 0 0 0 .225 5.865.75.75 0 0 0 .977-1.138 2.5 2.5 0 0 1-.142-3.667l3-3Z\"\/><path d=\"M11.603 7.963a.75.75 0 0 0-.977 1.138 2.5 2.5 0 0 1 .142 3.667l-3 3a2.5 2.5 0 0 1-3.536-3.536l1.225-1.224a.75.75 0 0 0-1.061-1.06l-1.224 1.224a4 4 0 1 0 5.656 5.656l3-3a4 4 0 0 0-.225-5.865Z\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"copy-link__text\">Copier le lien vers ce calcul<\/span><\/button><span class=\"sr-only\" role=\"status\" id=\"copy-link-status\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><a href=\"#respond\" class=\"hidden transition-opacity duration-300 opacity-0 w-50 text-sm justify-center items-center gap-2 px-4 py-2 rounded bg-gray-200 text-gray-700 hover:bg-gray-300\" id=\"leave-comment\"><span class=\"icon icon-comments\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Laisser un commentaire<\/a><\/form><\/section><section id=\"calc-reactions\" class=\"not-prose hidden my-12 bg-gradient-to-r from-primary-50 to-gray-50 border border-indigo-100 rounded-xl px-6 py-4 shadow-sm\" data-post=\"5833\" aria-live=\"polite\" aria-labelledby=\"calc-reactions-title\"><p id=\"calc-reactions-title\" class=\"text-sm text-gray-500 text-center mb-2\">Que pensez-vous de ce r\u00e9sultat\u00a0?<\/p><div role=\"group\" aria-labelledby=\"calc-reactions-title\" class=\"grid grid-cols-3 sm:flex sm:flex-row sm:justify-around gap-4 sm:items-center sm:flex-wrap\"><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"like\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"like\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\ude00 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">J\u2019aime <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"helpful\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"helpful\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\udca1 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Utile <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"confused\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"confused\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\ude15 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Confus <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"disappointed\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"disappointed\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\ude1e <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">D\u00e9\u00e7u <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"inaccurate\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"inaccurate\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u274c <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Inexact <\/span><\/button><\/div><div id=\"reaction-message\" class=\"hidden mt-8 rounded-md border border-primary-100 bg-white\/50 backdrop-blur-sm px-4 py-2 text-sm text-center shadow-sm\"><\/div><\/section><div class=\"calcdash-ad not-prose calcdash-ad--calc_result calcdash-ad--in-article\"><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-1721569815777345\" data-ad-slot=\"6317458308\" data-ad-layout=\"in-article\" data-ad-format=\"fluid\"><\/ins><script>(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});<\/script><\/div>\n<style id=\"wpcoderpro-inline-1\">.formula-box {\r\n\tborder-bottom: none !important;\r\n}<\/style><section class=\"formula-box\" aria-labelledby=\"formula-title\">\r\n\t<div id=\"formula-title\" class=\"not-prose font-display mb-4\"><span class=\"icon icon-formula\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2>Formule de l'imp\u00e9dance RLC<\/h2><\/div>\r\n\t<figure class=\"not-prose formula\">\r\n\t\t<figcaption class=\"formula-title\">Formule<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<div class=\"text-base text-gray-800\" id=\"formula\">\n\\[ Z = R + j\\left( X_L - X_C \\right), \\quad X_L = 2\\pi f L, \\quad X_C = \\frac{1}{2\\pi f C} \\\\\\ |Z| = \\sqrt{R^2 + \\left( X_L - X_C \\right)^2}, \\quad \\varphi = \\arctan\\left( \\frac{X_L - X_C}{R} \\right) \\]\n<\/div>\r\n\t<\/figure>\r\n\t<\/p>\n<p><strong>O\u00f9\u00a0:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\\(Z\\) \u2014 imp\u00e9dance complexe du circuit en s\u00e9rie (\u03a9)<\/li>\n<li>\\(R\\) \u2014 r\u00e9sistance s\u00e9rie totale (\u03a9)<\/li>\n<li>\\(L\\) \u2014 inductance (H)<\/li>\n<li>\\(C\\) \u2014 capacit\u00e9 (F)<\/li>\n<li>\\(f\\) \u2014 fr\u00e9quence de l'alimentation alternative (Hz)<\/li>\n<li>\\(X_L\\) \u2014 r\u00e9actance inductive (\u03a9)<\/li>\n<li>\\(X_C\\) \u2014 r\u00e9actance capacitive (\u03a9)<\/li>\n<li>\\(|Z|\\) \u2014 module de l'imp\u00e9dance (\u03a9)<\/li>\n<li>\\(\\varphi\\) \u2014 d\u00e9phasage entre la tension et le courant (degr\u00e9s)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Dans un circuit RLC en s\u00e9rie, l'opposition totale au courant alternatif est la somme vectorielle de la r\u00e9sistance et de la r\u00e9actance r\u00e9sultante \\(X = X_L - X_C\\). Comme les deux r\u00e9actances se compensent en partie, le r\u00e9sultat d\u00e9pend fortement de la fr\u00e9quence.<\/p>\n<p>\r\n<\/section>\n<style id=\"wpcoderpro-inline-2\">.calculation-box {\r\n\tborder-bottom: none !important;\r\n}<\/style><section id=\"calculation\" class=\"calculation-box\" aria-labelledby=\"calculation-title\">\r\n\t<div id=\"calculation-title\" class=\"not-prose font-display\"><span class=\"icon icon-unordered-list\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2>Imp\u00e9dance RLC \u2013 Exemple de calcul<\/h2><\/div>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>Exemple\u00a0:<\/strong> un circuit RLC en s\u00e9rie comportant une r\u00e9sistance de 100\u00a0\u03a9, une bobine de 10\u00a0mH et un condensateur de 1\u00a0\u00b5F est aliment\u00e9 \u00e0 1\u00a0kHz. D\u00e9terminons son imp\u00e9dance.<\/p>\n<p>\\[ X_L = 2\\pi \\cdot 1000 \\cdot 0.01 = 62.832\\ \\Omega \\]&lt;\/n<\/p>\n<p>\\[ X_C = \\frac{1}{2\\pi \\cdot 1000 \\cdot 1\\times10^{-6}} = 159.155\\ \\Omega \\]<\/p>\n<p>\\[ X = X_L - X_C = 62.832 - 159.155 = -96.323\\ \\Omega \\]<\/p>\n<p>\\[ Z = 100 - j96.323\\ \\Omega, \\quad |Z| = \\sqrt{100^2 + 96.323^2} = 138.846\\ \\Omega \\]<\/p>\n<p>\\[ \\varphi = \\arctan\\left( \\frac{-96.323}{100} \\right) = -43.92\u00b0 \\]<\/p>\n<p><strong>R\u00e9sultat\u00a0:<\/strong> Z\u00a0=\u00a0100 \u2212 j96,32\u00a0\u03a9, |Z| \u2248 138,85\u00a0\u03a9 avec un d\u00e9phasage de \u221243,92\u00b0. Le signe n\u00e9gatif indique que le circuit est capacitif \u00e0 1\u00a0kHz\u00a0: le courant est en avance sur la tension.<\/p>\n<p>\n\r\n<\/section>\n<h2>Comment utiliser le calculateur d'imp\u00e9dance RLC en s\u00e9rie<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>Saisissez la <strong>r\u00e9sistance (R)<\/strong> et choisissez son unit\u00e9 (m\u03a9, \u03a9, k\u03a9 ou M\u03a9). Pour un r\u00e9sultat plus r\u00e9aliste, incluez-y la r\u00e9sistance propre du bobinage.<\/li>\n<li>Saisissez l'<strong>inductance (L)<\/strong> de la bobine en s\u00e9rie et choisissez \u00b5H, mH ou H.<\/li>\n<li>Saisissez la <strong>capacit\u00e9 (C)<\/strong> du condensateur en s\u00e9rie et choisissez F, \u00b5F, nF ou pF.<\/li>\n<li>Saisissez la <strong>fr\u00e9quence (f)<\/strong> de l'alimentation alternative en Hz, kHz ou MHz.<\/li>\n<li>Lisez les r\u00e9sultats\u00a0: l'imp\u00e9dance complexe sous forme rectangulaire, le module de l'imp\u00e9dance en ohms, le d\u00e9phasage en degr\u00e9s, ainsi que le d\u00e9tail du calcul indiquant les r\u00e9actances, la fr\u00e9quence de r\u00e9sonance s\u00e9rie et le comportement inductif ou capacitif du circuit.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Qu'est-ce que l'imp\u00e9dance d'un circuit RLC en s\u00e9rie\u00a0?<\/h2>\n<p>L'imp\u00e9dance est l'opposition totale qu'un circuit pr\u00e9sente au courant alternatif\u00a0; elle combine la r\u00e9sistance (qui dissipe l'\u00e9nergie) et la r\u00e9actance (qui la stocke puis la restitue). Dans un circuit RLC en s\u00e9rie, la r\u00e9sistance, la bobine et le condensateur sont parcourus par le m\u00eame courant, mais les tensions \u00e0 leurs bornes ne sont pas en phase\u00a0: la tension aux bornes de la bobine est en avance de 90\u00b0 sur le courant, tandis que celle du condensateur est en retard de 90\u00b0. C'est pourquoi les deux r\u00e9actances s'opposent l'une \u00e0 l'autre et doivent \u00eatre soustraites plut\u00f4t qu'additionn\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<p>La r\u00e9actance inductive \\(X_L = 2\\pi f L\\) augmente avec la fr\u00e9quence, alors que la r\u00e9actance capacitive \\(X_C = 1\/(2\\pi f C)\\) diminue. La r\u00e9actance r\u00e9sultante \\(X = X_L - X_C\\) d\u00e9termine donc le comportement du circuit \u00e0 une fr\u00e9quence donn\u00e9e\u00a0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>X &gt; 0<\/strong> \u2014 inductif\u00a0: le courant est en retard sur la tension, le d\u00e9phasage est positif.<\/li>\n<li><strong>X &lt; 0<\/strong> \u2014 capacitif\u00a0: le courant est en avance sur la tension, le d\u00e9phasage est n\u00e9gatif.<\/li>\n<li><strong>X = 0<\/strong> \u2014 r\u00e9sonance\u00a0: les r\u00e9actances s'annulent exactement, Z\u00a0=\u00a0R et le courant n'est limit\u00e9 que par la r\u00e9sistance.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Le module \\(|Z|\\) vous dit quel courant circulera pour une tension appliqu\u00e9e donn\u00e9e, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 \\(I = V\/|Z|\\), et le d\u00e9phasage \\(\\varphi\\) vous dit de combien le courant est d\u00e9cal\u00e9 dans le temps par rapport \u00e0 la tension. Ces deux grandeurs sont indispensables pour l'analyse des circuits alternatifs, les calculs de puissance et la conception de r\u00e9seaux d'adaptation\u00a0\u2014 consultez le <a href=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/fr\/ingenierie\/loi-d-ohm\/\">calculateur de loi d'Ohm<\/a> pour l'\u00e9quivalent en courant continu de cette relation.<\/p>\n<h2>La r\u00e9sonance dans un circuit RLC en s\u00e9rie<\/h2>\n<p>La r\u00e9sonance s\u00e9rie se produit \u00e0 la fr\u00e9quence \\(f_0 = 1\/(2\\pi\\sqrt{LC})\\), o\u00f9 \\(X_L = X_C\\). \u00c0 cette fr\u00e9quence, l'imp\u00e9dance chute \u00e0 sa valeur minimale, \u00e9gale \u00e0 R seul, et le courant atteint son maximum. Dans l'exemple par d\u00e9faut ci-dessus, la r\u00e9sonance se produit vers 1591,5\u00a0Hz\u00a0; l'imp\u00e9dance tomberait alors \u00e0 seulement 100\u00a0\u03a9.<\/p>\n<p>Ce comportement est \u00e0 la base des circuits d'accord, des filtres et des oscillateurs. Un circuit RLC en s\u00e9rie favorise fortement les signaux proches de \\(f_0\\) et rejette les autres. Si vous cherchez simplement la fr\u00e9quence de r\u00e9sonance d'un couple LC, le <a href=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/fr\/ingenierie\/frequence-de-resonance-lc\/\">calculateur de fr\u00e9quence de r\u00e9sonance LC<\/a> la donne directement, et le <a href=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/fr\/ingenierie\/constante-de-temps-rc\/\">calculateur de constante de temps RC<\/a> traite le comportement transitoire des r\u00e9seaux RC.<\/p>\n<h2>Hypoth\u00e8ses et conseils pratiques<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Les composants sont suppos\u00e9s parfaits\u00a0:<\/strong> la bobine et le condensateur sont exempts de r\u00e9sistance parasite, d'auto-r\u00e9sonance et d'effets dispers\u00e9s. Les condensateurs r\u00e9els pr\u00e9sentent une r\u00e9sistance s\u00e9rie \u00e9quivalente (ESR) et les bobines r\u00e9elles une r\u00e9sistance de bobinage\u00a0\u2014 ajoutez-les \u00e0 R pour plus de pr\u00e9cision.<\/li>\n<li><strong>La r\u00e9sistance saisie est la r\u00e9sistance s\u00e9rie totale\u00a0:<\/strong> si vous connaissez la r\u00e9sistance en continu de la bobine, incluez-la dans R plut\u00f4t que de la supposer nulle.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Les effets d\u00e9pendant de la fr\u00e9quence sont ignor\u00e9s\u00a0:<\/strong> \u00e0 haute fr\u00e9quence (g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement au-del\u00e0 de quelques MHz), les capacit\u00e9s parasites, l'effet de peau et l'inductance des connexions peuvent modifier sensiblement l'imp\u00e9dance mesur\u00e9e. Pour les travaux sur lignes de transmission et au niveau des circuits imprim\u00e9s, utilisez un outil d\u00e9di\u00e9 comme le <a href=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/fr\/ingenierie\/impedance-stripline\/\">calculateur d'imp\u00e9dance stripline<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>La convention de d\u00e9phasage\u00a0:<\/strong> un angle positif signifie que le circuit se comporte de fa\u00e7on inductive (courant en retard), un angle n\u00e9gatif de fa\u00e7on capacitive (courant en avance). \u00c0 exactement 0\u00b0, le circuit est purement r\u00e9sistif.<\/li>\n<li><strong>V\u00e9rifiez la r\u00e9sonance par prudence\u00a0:<\/strong> pr\u00e8s de \\(f_0\\), un circuit RLC en s\u00e9rie peut appeler des courants tr\u00e8s importants, et la tension aux bornes de L ou de C prise isol\u00e9ment peut atteindre un multiple de la tension d'alimentation (multiplication par le facteur Q). Assurez-vous que les composants sont dimensionn\u00e9s en cons\u00e9quence.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Une fois que vous connaissez \\(|Z|\\) et \\(\\varphi\\), vous pouvez calculer la puissance apparente et la puissance active de la charge, ou utiliser le <a href=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/fr\/ingenierie\/relevement-facteur-de-puissance\/\">calculateur de compensation du facteur de puissance<\/a> pour dimensionner un condensateur qui ram\u00e8ne le d\u00e9phasage vers z\u00e9ro.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Calculez l'imp\u00e9dance d'un circuit RLC en s\u00e9rie \u00e0 partir de la r\u00e9sistance, de l'inductance, de la capacit\u00e9 et de la fr\u00e9quence. Saisissez R, L, C et f pour obtenir l'imp\u00e9dance complexe, son module et le d\u00e9phasage.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3168,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[80],"class_list":["post-5833","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ingenierie","tag-circuits"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5833","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3168"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5833"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5833\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5833"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5833"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5833"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}