{"id":1978,"date":"2026-10-07T06:37:20","date_gmt":"2026-10-07T05:37:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/chemia\/kalkulator-kalorymetrii\/"},"modified":"2026-10-07T06:37:20","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T05:37:20","slug":"kalkulator-kalorymetrii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/chemia\/kalkulator-kalorymetrii\/","title":{"rendered":"Kalkulator kalorymetrii"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"not-prose calculator-box\" aria-labelledby=\"calculator-title\"><div class=\"flex items-baseline sm:items-center justify-between gap-2 sm:gap-3\"><div class=\"flex flex-col sm:flex-row sm:items-center gap-2\"><span class=\"icon icon-calculator text-primary-700! text-base! dark:text-primary-300!\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 id=\"calculator-title\" class=\"text-lg font-display font-bold\">Oblicz ciep\u0142o poch\u0142oni\u0119te lub oddane na podstawie zmiany temperatury<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"calcdash-favorite group\">\n  <button type=\"button\" class=\"favorite\" id=\"favorite\" data-favorite-id=\"1978\" data-favorite-title=\"Kalorymetria\" data-favorite-url=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/chemia\/kalkulator-kalorymetrii\/\" data-favorite-excerpt=\"Oblicz ciep\u0142o poch\u0142oni\u0119te lub oddane przez substancj\u0119 za pomoc\u0105 wzoru Q = mc\u0394T. Wprowad\u017a mas\u0119, ciep\u0142o w\u0142a\u015bciwe oraz temperatur\u0119 pocz\u0105tkow\u0105 i ko\u0144cow\u0105, aby otrzyma\u0107 Q w d\u017culach, kilod\u017culach i kilokaloriach.\" aria-label=\"Dodaj do ulubionych\" data-favorite-icon=\"icon icon-chemistry-1\">\n    <span class=\"icon icon-shape-star-empty\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n  <\/button>\n  <div class=\"calcdash-favorite__tip\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n   <span class=\"favorite-tooltip\" id=\"favorite-tooltip\"><\/span>\n  <\/div>\n  <span class=\"sr-only\" role=\"status\" id=\"favorite-status\"><\/span>\n<\/div><\/div><form action=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/chemia\/kalkulator-kalorymetrii\/\" method=\"POST\" class=\"calculator\" id=\"calculator-1978\" data-post=\"1978\"><fieldset class=\"fieldset-input is-1\"><legend class=\"sr-only\">Pola danych<\/legend><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-1\"><label for=\"field-1\">Masa (m)<\/label><div class=\"term\">m<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><div class=\"field-group\"><input type=\"text\" name=\"masa_m\" id=\"field-1\" aria-describedby=\"calc-info-1\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" placeholder=\"e.g. 250\" min=\"0\" value=\"250\"\/><div class=\"grid grid-cols-1\"><select id=\"field-2\" name=\"jednostka\" aria-label=\"Jednostka\"><option value=\"g\" selected>g<\/option><option value=\"kg\">kg<\/option><option value=\"lb\">lb<\/option><\/select><svg class=\"pointer-events-none col-start-1 row-start-1 mr-2 size-5 self-center justify-self-end text-gray-500 sm:size-4\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-slot=\"icon\">\n              <path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4.22 6.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 8.94l2.72-2.72a.75.75 0 1 1 1.06 1.06l-3.25 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L4.22 7.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" \/>\n            <\/svg><\/div><\/div><small id=\"calc-info-1\">Masa ogrzewanej lub ch\u0142odzonej substancji<\/small><\/div><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-2\"><label for=\"field-3\">Ciep\u0142o w\u0142a\u015bciwe (c)<\/label><div class=\"term\">c<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><input type=\"text\" name=\"ciepo_waciwe_c\" id=\"field-3\" aria-describedby=\"calc-unit-3 calc-info-3\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" placeholder=\"e.g. 4.186\" min=\"0\" value=\"4.186\"\/><div class=\"unit\" id=\"calc-unit-3\">J\/(g\u00b7\u00b0C)<\/div><small id=\"calc-info-3\">Woda: 4,186 J\/(g\u00b7\u00b0C); glin: 0,900; \u017celazo: 0,450<\/small><\/div><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-3\"><label for=\"field-4\">Temperatura pocz\u0105tkowa (T\u2081)<\/label><div class=\"term\">T\u2081<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><div class=\"field-group\"><input type=\"number\" name=\"temperatura_pocztkowa_t\" id=\"field-4\" aria-describedby=\"calc-info-4\" placeholder=\"e.g. 20\" step=\"any\" value=\"20\"\/><div class=\"grid grid-cols-1\"><select id=\"field-5\" name=\"jednostka\" aria-label=\"Jednostka\"><option value=\"c\" selected>\u00b0C<\/option><option value=\"f\">\u00b0F<\/option><option value=\"k\">K<\/option><\/select><svg class=\"pointer-events-none col-start-1 row-start-1 mr-2 size-5 self-center justify-self-end text-gray-500 sm:size-4\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-slot=\"icon\">\n              <path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4.22 6.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 8.94l2.72-2.72a.75.75 0 1 1 1.06 1.06l-3.25 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L4.22 7.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" \/>\n            <\/svg><\/div><\/div><small id=\"calc-info-4\">Temperatura przed ogrzaniem lub ozi\u0119bieniem<\/small><\/div><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-4\"><label for=\"field-6\">Temperatura ko\u0144cowa (T\u2082)<\/label><div class=\"term\">T\u2082<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><div class=\"field-group\"><input type=\"number\" name=\"temperatura_kocowa_t\" id=\"field-6\" aria-describedby=\"calc-info-6\" placeholder=\"e.g. 95\" step=\"any\" value=\"95\"\/><div class=\"grid grid-cols-1\"><select id=\"field-7\" name=\"jednostka\" aria-label=\"Jednostka\"><option value=\"c\" selected>\u00b0C<\/option><option value=\"f\">\u00b0F<\/option><option value=\"k\">K<\/option><\/select><svg class=\"pointer-events-none col-start-1 row-start-1 mr-2 size-5 self-center justify-self-end text-gray-500 sm:size-4\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-slot=\"icon\">\n              <path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4.22 6.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 8.94l2.72-2.72a.75.75 0 1 1 1.06 1.06l-3.25 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L4.22 7.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" \/>\n            <\/svg><\/div><\/div><small id=\"calc-info-6\">Temperatura po ogrzaniu lub ozi\u0119bieniu<\/small><\/div><\/fieldset><div class=\"buttons\"><button type=\"submit\" data-text=\"Przelicz ponownie\" id=\"calculate-button\" data-post=\"1978\">Oblicz<\/button><button type=\"reset\">Wyczy\u015b\u0107<\/button><\/div><div class=\"field is-checkbox hidden!\" id=\"field-auto-calc\"><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"auto-calc\"><label for=\"auto-calc\">Obliczaj automatycznie<\/label><small>Po w\u0142\u0105czeniu wynik aktualizuje si\u0119 automatycznie po zmianie dowolnej warto\u015bci.<\/small><\/div><div class=\"fieldset-result is-hidden\" aria-labelledby=\"result-title\" aria-live=\"polite\" role=\"region\"> <h3 class=\"result-title bg-gradient-to-r from-primary-50 to-gray-50 dark:from-primary-900 dark:to-gray-800\" id=\"result-title\"><span class=\"icon icon-s-pulse\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span> Wyniki kalorymetrii<\/h3><div class=\"result-box\"><div class=\"field-result\" id=\"output-1\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Ciep\u0142o poch\u0142oni\u0119te lub oddane<\/span><span class=\"result-term\">Q<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-1\" data-unit=\"J\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Kopiuj wynik\" aria-label=\"Kopiuj wynik\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"field-result\" id=\"output-2\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Ciep\u0142o poch\u0142oni\u0119te lub oddane<\/span><span class=\"result-term\">Q<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-2\" data-unit=\"kJ\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Kopiuj wynik\" aria-label=\"Kopiuj wynik\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"field-result\" id=\"output-3\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Ciep\u0142o poch\u0142oni\u0119te lub oddane<\/span><span class=\"result-term\">Q<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-3\" data-unit=\"kcal\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Kopiuj wynik\" aria-label=\"Kopiuj wynik\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"field-result is-column\" id=\"output-4\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Kierunek przep\u0142ywu ciep\u0142a<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-4\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Kopiuj wynik\" aria-label=\"Kopiuj wynik\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div><div class=\"result-actions\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-link\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M12.232 4.232a2.5 2.5 0 0 1 3.536 3.536l-1.225 1.224a.75.75 0 0 0 1.061 1.06l1.224-1.224a4 4 0 0 0-5.656-5.656l-3 3a4 4 0 0 0 .225 5.865.75.75 0 0 0 .977-1.138 2.5 2.5 0 0 1-.142-3.667l3-3Z\"\/><path d=\"M11.603 7.963a.75.75 0 0 0-.977 1.138 2.5 2.5 0 0 1 .142 3.667l-3 3a2.5 2.5 0 0 1-3.536-3.536l1.225-1.224a.75.75 0 0 0-1.061-1.06l-1.224 1.224a4 4 0 1 0 5.656 5.656l3-3a4 4 0 0 0-.225-5.865Z\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"copy-link__text\">Kopiuj link do tego obliczenia<\/span><\/button><span class=\"sr-only\" role=\"status\" id=\"copy-link-status\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><a href=\"#respond\" class=\"hidden transition-opacity duration-300 opacity-0 w-50 text-sm justify-center items-center gap-2 px-4 py-2 rounded bg-gray-200 text-gray-700 hover:bg-gray-300\" id=\"leave-comment\"><span class=\"icon icon-comments\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Zostaw komentarz<\/a><\/form><\/section><section id=\"calc-reactions\" class=\"not-prose hidden my-12 bg-gradient-to-r from-primary-50 to-gray-50 border border-indigo-100 rounded-xl px-6 py-4 shadow-sm\" data-post=\"1978\" aria-live=\"polite\" aria-labelledby=\"calc-reactions-title\"><p id=\"calc-reactions-title\" class=\"text-sm text-gray-500 text-center mb-2\">Jak oceniasz ten wynik?<\/p><div role=\"group\" aria-labelledby=\"calc-reactions-title\" class=\"grid grid-cols-3 sm:flex sm:flex-row sm:justify-around gap-4 sm:items-center sm:flex-wrap\"><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"like\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"like\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\ude00 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Lubi\u0119 to <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"helpful\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"helpful\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\udca1 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Pomocne <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"confused\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"confused\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\ude15 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Niejasne <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"disappointed\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"disappointed\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\ude1e <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Rozczarowanie <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"inaccurate\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"inaccurate\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u274c <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Niedok\u0142adne <\/span><\/button><\/div><div id=\"reaction-message\" class=\"hidden mt-8 rounded-md border border-primary-100 bg-white\/50 backdrop-blur-sm px-4 py-2 text-sm text-center shadow-sm\"><\/div><\/section><div class=\"calcdash-ad not-prose calcdash-ad--calc_result calcdash-ad--in-article\"><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-1721569815777345\" data-ad-slot=\"6317458308\" data-ad-layout=\"in-article\" data-ad-format=\"fluid\"><\/ins><script>(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});<\/script><\/div>\n<style id=\"wpcoderpro-inline-1\">.formula-box {\r\n\tborder-bottom: none !important;\r\n}<\/style><section class=\"formula-box\" aria-labelledby=\"formula-title\">\r\n\t<div id=\"formula-title\" class=\"not-prose font-display mb-4\"><span class=\"icon icon-formula\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2>Wz\u00f3r kalorymetryczny<\/h2><\/div>\r\n\t<figure class=\"not-prose formula\">\r\n\t\t<figcaption class=\"formula-title\">Wz\u00f3r<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<div class=\"text-base text-gray-800\" id=\"formula\">\n\\[ Q = m \\cdot c \\cdot \\Delta T \\quad \\text{gdzie} \\quad \\Delta T = T_2 - T_1 \\]\n<\/div>\r\n\t<\/figure>\r\n\t<\/p>\n<p><strong>Gdzie:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\\(Q\\) \u2014 ciep\u0142o poch\u0142oni\u0119te lub oddane (J)<\/li>\n<li>\\(m\\) \u2014 masa substancji (g)<\/li>\n<li>\\(c\\) \u2014 ciep\u0142o w\u0142a\u015bciwe, J\/(g\u00b7\u00b0C)<\/li>\n<li>\\(T_1\\) \u2014 temperatura pocz\u0105tkowa (\u00b0C)<\/li>\n<li>\\(T_2\\) \u2014 temperatura ko\u0144cowa (\u00b0C)<\/li>\n<li>\\(\\Delta T\\) \u2014 zmiana temperatury (\u00b0C)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Jest to podstawowe r\u00f3wnanie kalorymetrii: ciep\u0142o przekazane substancji lub przez ni\u0105 oddane jest r\u00f3wne iloczynowi jej masy, ciep\u0142a w\u0142a\u015bciwego i zmiany temperatury.<\/p>\n<p>\r\n<\/section>\n<style id=\"wpcoderpro-inline-2\">.calculation-box {\r\n\tborder-bottom: none !important;\r\n}<\/style><section id=\"calculation\" class=\"calculation-box\" aria-labelledby=\"calculation-title\">\r\n\t<div id=\"calculation-title\" class=\"not-prose font-display\"><span class=\"icon icon-unordered-list\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2>Kalorymetria \u2013 przyk\u0142ad obliczenia<\/h2><\/div>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>Przyk\u0142ad:<\/strong> 250 g wody ogrzewa si\u0119 od 20 \u00b0C do 95 \u00b0C. Ciep\u0142o w\u0142a\u015bciwe wody wynosi 4,186 J\/(g\u00b7\u00b0C).<\/p>\n<p>\\[ \\Delta T = T_2 - T_1 = 95 - 20 = 75\\ \u00b0C \\]<\/p>\n<p>\\[ Q = m \\cdot c \\cdot \\Delta T = 250 \\times 4.186 \\times 75 = 78\\,487.5\\ \\text{J} \\]<\/p>\n<p><strong>Wynik:<\/strong> \\(Q = 78\\,487.5\\) J \u2248 78,49 kJ \u2248 18,76 kcal. Poniewa\u017c \\(Q\\) jest dodatnie, woda poch\u0142on\u0119\u0142a to ciep\u0142o i si\u0119 ogrza\u0142a (proces endotermiczny).<\/p>\n<p>\n\r\n<\/section>\n<h2>Jak korzysta\u0107 z kalkulatora kalorymetrii<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>Wprowad\u017a <strong>mas\u0119 (m)<\/strong> substancji i wybierz jej jednostk\u0119 (g, kg lub lb). Kalkulator przelicza j\u0105 wewn\u0119trznie na gramy.<\/li>\n<li>Wprowad\u017a <strong>ciep\u0142o w\u0142a\u015bciwe (c)<\/strong> w J\/(g\u00b7\u00b0C). Dla wody wpisz 4,186; inne typowe warto\u015bci podano w tabeli poni\u017cej.<\/li>\n<li>Wprowad\u017a <strong>temperatur\u0119 pocz\u0105tkow\u0105 (T\u2081)<\/strong> i wybierz jej jednostk\u0119 (\u00b0C, \u00b0F lub K).<\/li>\n<li>Wprowad\u017a <strong>temperatur\u0119 ko\u0144cow\u0105 (T\u2082)<\/strong> i wybierz jej jednostk\u0119. Obie temperatury mog\u0105 by\u0107 podane w r\u00f3\u017cnych jednostkach.<\/li>\n<li>Odczytaj wyniki: ciep\u0142o \\(Q\\) w J, kJ i kcal wraz ze stwierdzeniem kierunku przep\u0142ywu ciep\u0142a (poch\u0142oni\u0119te czy oddane).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Czym jest kalorymetria?<\/h2>\n<p>Kalorymetria to pomiar przep\u0142ywu ciep\u0142a podczas procesu fizycznego lub chemicznego. Gdy substancja si\u0119 ogrzewa, poch\u0142ania energi\u0119 z otoczenia; gdy si\u0119 ch\u0142odzi, oddaje energi\u0119. Przyrz\u0105d s\u0142u\u017c\u0105cy do pomiaru tego ciep\u0142a nazywa si\u0119 kalorymetrem, a omawiane obliczenie stanowi istot\u0119 dzia\u0142ania ka\u017cdego kalorymetru \u2014 od prostego kalorymetru z kubka po kawie w szkolnym laboratorium a\u017c po kalorymetr bombowy u\u017cywany do oznaczania warto\u015bci energetycznej \u017cywno\u015bci i paliw.<\/p>\n<p>Kluczow\u0105 wielko\u015bci\u0105 w r\u00f3wnaniu jest <strong>ciep\u0142o w\u0142a\u015bciwe<\/strong> \\(c\\): ilo\u015b\u0107 ciep\u0142a potrzebna do podniesienia temperatury 1 grama substancji o 1 \u00b0C. Woda ma niezwykle wysokie ciep\u0142o w\u0142a\u015bciwe (4,186 J\/(g\u00b7\u00b0C)) \u2014 dlatego podgrzanie wody wymaga bardzo du\u017cej ilo\u015bci energii, a sama woda jest tak skutecznym czynnikiem ch\u0142odz\u0105cym. Metale \u2014 przeciwnie \u2014 nagrzewaj\u0105 si\u0119 i stygn\u0105 szybko, poniewa\u017c ich ciep\u0142a w\u0142a\u015bciwe s\u0105 niskie.<\/p>\n<p>Znak \\(Q\\) wskazuje kierunek przep\u0142ywu energii. <strong>Dodatnie<\/strong> \\(Q\\) oznacza, \u017ce substancja poch\u0142on\u0119\u0142a ciep\u0142o (zmiana endotermiczna \u2014 temperatura wzros\u0142a). <strong>Ujemne<\/strong> \\(Q\\) oznacza, \u017ce substancja odda\u0142a ciep\u0142o (zmiana egzotermiczna \u2014 temperatura spad\u0142a). Na przyk\u0142ad sch\u0142odzenie tych samych 250 g wody z 95 \u00b0C z powrotem do 20 \u00b0C daje \\(Q = -78\\,487.5\\) J: woda oddaje dok\u0142adnie tyle ciep\u0142a, ile wcze\u015bniej poch\u0142on\u0119\u0142a.<\/p>\n<p>Poniewa\u017c liczy si\u0119 tylko zmiana temperatury, wystarczy zna\u0107 <em>r\u00f3\u017cnic\u0119<\/em> \\(\\Delta T\\). Zmiana o 1 \u00b0C r\u00f3wna si\u0119 zmianie o 1 K, a zmiana o 1 \u00b0F r\u00f3wna si\u0119 5\/9 stopnia Celsjusza \u2014 kalkulator wykonuje te wszystkie przeliczenia automatycznie, wi\u0119c mo\u017cesz miesza\u0107 jednostki dla \\(T_1\\) i \\(T_2\\).<\/p>\n<h2>Ciep\u0142a w\u0142a\u015bciwe typowych substancji<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Substancja<\/th>\n<th>c, J\/(g\u00b7\u00b0C)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Woda (ciek\u0142a, 25 \u00b0C)<\/td>\n<td>4,186<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>L\u00f3d (0 \u00b0C)<\/td>\n<td>2,09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Para wodna (100 \u00b0C)<\/td>\n<td>2,01<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Glin<\/td>\n<td>0,900<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u017belazo<\/td>\n<td>0,450<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Mied\u017a<\/td>\n<td>0,385<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Z\u0142oto<\/td>\n<td>0,129<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Etanol<\/td>\n<td>2,44<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Powietrze (przybli\u017cenie)<\/td>\n<td>1,01<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Za\u0142o\u017cenia i ograniczenia<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Brak przemian fazowych.<\/strong> Wz\u00f3r \\(Q = mc\\Delta T\\) dotyczy wy\u0142\u0105cznie zmiany temperatury w obr\u0119bie jednej fazy. Topnienie, krzepni\u0119cie, wrzenie i skraplanie wi\u0105\u017c\u0105 si\u0119 z ciep\u0142em utajonym, kt\u00f3re nale\u017cy obliczy\u0107 osobno i doda\u0107 do ciep\u0142a jawnego.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sta\u0142e ciep\u0142o w\u0142a\u015bciwe.<\/strong> Warto\u015b\u0107 \\(c\\) w rzeczywisto\u015bci nieznacznie zmienia si\u0119 z temperatur\u0105. W wi\u0119kszo\u015bci codziennych zada\u0144 warto\u015b\u0107 tablicowa jest wystarczaj\u0105co dok\u0142adna, ale w precyzyjnych pracach w szerokim zakresie temperatur nale\u017cy u\u017cy\u0107 warto\u015bci \u015bredniej lub zale\u017cnej od temperatury.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pomini\u0119cie strat ciep\u0142a.<\/strong> W rzeczywistym do\u015bwiadczeniu cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 ciep\u0142a ucieka do naczynia lub otoczenia. Dobrze izolowany (adiabatyczny) kalorymetr minimalizuje ten efekt, a pojemno\u015b\u0107 ciepln\u0105 samego kalorymetru mo\u017cna uwzgl\u0119dni\u0107 za pomoc\u0105 wsp\u00f3\u0142czynnika kalibracyjnego.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zgodno\u015b\u0107 jednostek.<\/strong> Kalkulator oczekuje \\(c\\) w J\/(g\u00b7\u00b0C) i przelicza mas\u0119 na gramy, wi\u0119c wynik jest zawsze w d\u017culach. Je\u015bli Twoje dane s\u0105 w J\/(kg\u00b7K), podziel t\u0119 warto\u015b\u0107 przez 1000 przed wprowadzeniem (1 J\/(kg\u00b7K) = 0,001 J\/(g\u00b7\u00b0C)).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Powi\u0105zane kalkulatory<\/h2>\n<p>Kalorymetria cz\u0119sto wyst\u0119puje obok innych oblicze\u0144 chemicznych. Je\u015bli zajmujesz si\u0119 stechiometri\u0105 roztwor\u00f3w, wypr\u00f3buj <a href=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/chemistry\/molarity-calculator\/\">Kalkulator st\u0119\u017cenia molowego<\/a> lub <a href=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/chemistry\/molality-calculator\/\">Kalkulator molalno\u015bci<\/a>. W przypadku energetyki reakcji przydatne mog\u0105 by\u0107 tak\u017ce <a href=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/chemistry\/gibbs-free-energy-calculator\/\">Kalkulator energii swobodnej Gibbsa<\/a> i <a href=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/chemistry\/percent-yield-calculator\/\">Kalkulator wydajno\u015bci reakcji<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Oblicz ciep\u0142o poch\u0142oni\u0119te lub oddane przez substancj\u0119 za pomoc\u0105 wzoru Q = mc\u0394T. Wprowad\u017a mas\u0119, ciep\u0142o w\u0142a\u015bciwe oraz temperatur\u0119 pocz\u0105tkow\u0105 i ko\u0144cow\u0105, aby otrzyma\u0107 Q w d\u017culach, kilod\u017culach i kilokaloriach.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3168,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[63],"class_list":["post-1978","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-chemia","tag-reakcje"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1978","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3168"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1978"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1978\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2025,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1978\/revisions\/2025"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1978"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1978"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1978"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}