{"id":1994,"date":"2026-10-07T06:41:42","date_gmt":"2026-10-07T05:41:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/chemia\/kalkulator-sily-jonowej\/"},"modified":"2026-10-07T06:41:42","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T05:41:42","slug":"kalkulator-sily-jonowej","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/chemia\/kalkulator-sily-jonowej\/","title":{"rendered":"Kalkulator si\u0142y jonowej"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"not-prose calculator-box\" aria-labelledby=\"calculator-title\"><div class=\"flex items-baseline sm:items-center justify-between gap-2 sm:gap-3\"><div class=\"flex flex-col sm:flex-row sm:items-center gap-2\"><span class=\"icon icon-calculator text-primary-700! text-base! dark:text-primary-300!\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 id=\"calculator-title\" class=\"text-lg font-display font-bold\">Oblicz si\u0142\u0119 jonow\u0105 roztworu<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"calcdash-favorite group\">\n  <button type=\"button\" class=\"favorite\" id=\"favorite\" data-favorite-id=\"1994\" data-favorite-title=\"Si\u0142a jonowa\" data-favorite-url=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/chemia\/kalkulator-sily-jonowej\/\" data-favorite-excerpt=\"Oblicz si\u0142\u0119 jonow\u0105 roztworu na podstawie st\u0119\u017cenia molowego i \u0142adunku ka\u017cdego rozpuszczonego jonu. Wprowad\u017a dane dla maksymalnie sze\u015bciu rodzaj\u00f3w jon\u00f3w i otrzymaj I w mol\/L wraz z wk\u0142adem ka\u017cdego jonu.\" aria-label=\"Dodaj do ulubionych\" data-favorite-icon=\"icon icon-flask\">\n    <span class=\"icon icon-shape-star-empty\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n  <\/button>\n  <div class=\"calcdash-favorite__tip\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n   <span class=\"favorite-tooltip\" id=\"favorite-tooltip\"><\/span>\n  <\/div>\n  <span class=\"sr-only\" role=\"status\" id=\"favorite-status\"><\/span>\n<\/div><\/div><form action=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/chemia\/kalkulator-sily-jonowej\/\" method=\"POST\" class=\"calculator\" id=\"calculator-1994\" data-post=\"1994\"><fieldset class=\"fieldset-input is-1\"><legend class=\"sr-only\">Pola danych<\/legend><div class=\"field\" id=\"input-1\"><label for=\"field-1\">Liczba jon\u00f3w<\/label><div class=\"grid grid-cols-1\"><select id=\"field-1\" name=\"liczba_jonw\"><option value=\"1\">1 jon<\/option><option value=\"2\" selected>2 jony<\/option><option value=\"3\">3 jony<\/option><option value=\"4\">4 jony<\/option><option value=\"5\">5 jon\u00f3w<\/option><option value=\"6\">6 jon\u00f3w<\/option><\/select><svg class=\"pointer-events-none col-start-1 row-start-1 mr-2 size-5 self-center justify-self-end text-gray-500 sm:size-4\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-slot=\"icon\">\n              <path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4.22 6.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 8.94l2.72-2.72a.75.75 0 1 1 1.06 1.06l-3.25 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L4.22 7.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" \/>\n            <\/svg><\/div><\/div><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-2\"><label for=\"field-2\">St\u0119\u017cenie jonu 1<\/label><div class=\"term\">c\u2081<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><div class=\"field-group\"><input type=\"text\" name=\"stenie_jonu_1\" id=\"field-2\" aria-describedby=\"calc-info-2\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" placeholder=\"e.g. 0.1\" min=\"0\" value=\"0.1\"\/><div class=\"grid grid-cols-1\"><select id=\"field-3\" name=\"jednostka\" aria-label=\"Jednostka\"><option value=\"mol_l\" selected>mol\/L<\/option><option value=\"mmol_l\">mmol\/L<\/option><option value=\"umol_l\">\u00b5mol\/L<\/option><\/select><svg class=\"pointer-events-none col-start-1 row-start-1 mr-2 size-5 self-center justify-self-end text-gray-500 sm:size-4\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-slot=\"icon\">\n              <path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4.22 6.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 8.94l2.72-2.72a.75.75 0 1 1 1.06 1.06l-3.25 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L4.22 7.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" \/>\n            <\/svg><\/div><\/div><small id=\"calc-info-2\">St\u0119\u017cenie molowe pierwszego jonu (np. Na\u207a)<\/small><\/div><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-3\"><label for=\"field-4\">\u0141adunek jonu 1<\/label><div class=\"term\">z\u2081<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><input type=\"number\" name=\"adunek_jonu_1\" id=\"field-4\" aria-describedby=\"calc-info-4\" placeholder=\"e.g. 1\" min=\"-6\" max=\"6\" step=\"1\" value=\"1\"\/><small id=\"calc-info-4\">Liczba \u0142adunkowa ze znakiem (np. +1 dla Na\u207a, \u22121 dla Cl\u207b)<\/small><\/div><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-4\"><label for=\"field-5\">St\u0119\u017cenie jonu 2<\/label><div class=\"term\">c\u2082<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><div class=\"field-group\"><input type=\"text\" name=\"stenie_jonu_2\" id=\"field-5\" aria-describedby=\"calc-info-5\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" placeholder=\"e.g. 0.1\" min=\"0\" value=\"0.1\"\/><div class=\"grid grid-cols-1\"><select id=\"field-6\" name=\"jednostka\" aria-label=\"Jednostka\"><option value=\"mol_l\" selected>mol\/L<\/option><option value=\"mmol_l\">mmol\/L<\/option><option value=\"umol_l\">\u00b5mol\/L<\/option><\/select><svg class=\"pointer-events-none col-start-1 row-start-1 mr-2 size-5 self-center justify-self-end text-gray-500 sm:size-4\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-slot=\"icon\">\n              <path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4.22 6.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 8.94l2.72-2.72a.75.75 0 1 1 1.06 1.06l-3.25 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L4.22 7.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" \/>\n            <\/svg><\/div><\/div><small id=\"calc-info-5\">St\u0119\u017cenie molowe drugiego jonu (np. Cl\u207b)<\/small><\/div><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-5\"><label for=\"field-7\">\u0141adunek jonu 2<\/label><div class=\"term\">z\u2082<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><input type=\"number\" name=\"adunek_jonu_2\" id=\"field-7\" aria-describedby=\"calc-info-7\" placeholder=\"e.g. -1\" min=\"-6\" max=\"6\" step=\"1\" value=\"-1\"\/><small id=\"calc-info-7\">Liczba \u0142adunkowa ze znakiem (np. \u22121 dla Cl\u207b, +2 dla Ca\u00b2\u207a)<\/small><\/div><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-6\" hidden><label for=\"field-8\">St\u0119\u017cenie jonu 3<\/label><div class=\"term\">c\u2083<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><div class=\"field-group\"><input type=\"text\" name=\"stenie_jonu_3\" id=\"field-8\" aria-describedby=\"calc-info-8\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" placeholder=\"e.g. 0.05\" min=\"0\" value=\"0.05\"\/><div class=\"grid grid-cols-1\"><select id=\"field-9\" name=\"jednostka\" aria-label=\"Jednostka\"><option value=\"mol_l\" selected>mol\/L<\/option><option value=\"mmol_l\">mmol\/L<\/option><option value=\"umol_l\">\u00b5mol\/L<\/option><\/select><svg class=\"pointer-events-none col-start-1 row-start-1 mr-2 size-5 self-center justify-self-end text-gray-500 sm:size-4\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-slot=\"icon\">\n              <path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4.22 6.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 8.94l2.72-2.72a.75.75 0 1 1 1.06 1.06l-3.25 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L4.22 7.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" \/>\n            <\/svg><\/div><\/div><small id=\"calc-info-8\">St\u0119\u017cenie molowe trzeciego jonu<\/small><\/div><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-7\" hidden><label for=\"field-10\">\u0141adunek jonu 3<\/label><div class=\"term\">z\u2083<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><input type=\"number\" name=\"adunek_jonu_3\" id=\"field-10\" aria-describedby=\"calc-info-10\" placeholder=\"e.g. -2\" min=\"-6\" max=\"6\" step=\"1\" value=\"-2\"\/><small id=\"calc-info-10\">Liczba \u0142adunkowa ze znakiem<\/small><\/div><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-8\" hidden><label for=\"field-11\">St\u0119\u017cenie jonu 4<\/label><div class=\"term\">c\u2084<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><div class=\"field-group\"><input type=\"text\" name=\"stenie_jonu_4\" id=\"field-11\" aria-describedby=\"calc-info-11\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" placeholder=\"e.g. 0.05\" min=\"0\" value=\"0.05\"\/><div class=\"grid grid-cols-1\"><select id=\"field-12\" name=\"jednostka\" aria-label=\"Jednostka\"><option value=\"mol_l\" selected>mol\/L<\/option><option value=\"mmol_l\">mmol\/L<\/option><option value=\"umol_l\">\u00b5mol\/L<\/option><\/select><svg class=\"pointer-events-none col-start-1 row-start-1 mr-2 size-5 self-center justify-self-end text-gray-500 sm:size-4\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-slot=\"icon\">\n              <path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4.22 6.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 8.94l2.72-2.72a.75.75 0 1 1 1.06 1.06l-3.25 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L4.22 7.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" \/>\n            <\/svg><\/div><\/div><small id=\"calc-info-11\">St\u0119\u017cenie molowe czwartego jonu<\/small><\/div><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-9\" hidden><label for=\"field-13\">\u0141adunek jonu 4<\/label><div class=\"term\">z\u2084<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><input type=\"number\" name=\"adunek_jonu_4\" id=\"field-13\" aria-describedby=\"calc-info-13\" placeholder=\"e.g. 2\" min=\"-6\" max=\"6\" step=\"1\" value=\"2\"\/><small id=\"calc-info-13\">Liczba \u0142adunkowa ze znakiem<\/small><\/div><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-10\" hidden><label for=\"field-14\">St\u0119\u017cenie jonu 5<\/label><div class=\"term\">c\u2085<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><div class=\"field-group\"><input type=\"text\" name=\"stenie_jonu_5\" id=\"field-14\" aria-describedby=\"calc-info-14\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" placeholder=\"e.g. 0.02\" min=\"0\" value=\"0.02\"\/><div class=\"grid grid-cols-1\"><select id=\"field-15\" name=\"jednostka\" aria-label=\"Jednostka\"><option value=\"mol_l\" selected>mol\/L<\/option><option value=\"mmol_l\">mmol\/L<\/option><option value=\"umol_l\">\u00b5mol\/L<\/option><\/select><svg class=\"pointer-events-none col-start-1 row-start-1 mr-2 size-5 self-center justify-self-end text-gray-500 sm:size-4\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-slot=\"icon\">\n              <path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4.22 6.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 8.94l2.72-2.72a.75.75 0 1 1 1.06 1.06l-3.25 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L4.22 7.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" \/>\n            <\/svg><\/div><\/div><small id=\"calc-info-14\">St\u0119\u017cenie molowe pi\u0105tego jonu<\/small><\/div><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-11\" hidden><label for=\"field-16\">\u0141adunek jonu 5<\/label><div class=\"term\">z\u2085<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><input type=\"number\" name=\"adunek_jonu_5\" id=\"field-16\" aria-describedby=\"calc-info-16\" placeholder=\"e.g. 3\" min=\"-6\" max=\"6\" step=\"1\" value=\"3\"\/><small id=\"calc-info-16\">Liczba \u0142adunkowa ze znakiem<\/small><\/div><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-12\" hidden><label for=\"field-17\">St\u0119\u017cenie jonu 6<\/label><div class=\"term\">c\u2086<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><div class=\"field-group\"><input type=\"text\" name=\"stenie_jonu_6\" id=\"field-17\" aria-describedby=\"calc-info-17\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" placeholder=\"e.g. 0.02\" min=\"0\" value=\"0.02\"\/><div class=\"grid grid-cols-1\"><select id=\"field-18\" name=\"jednostka\" aria-label=\"Jednostka\"><option value=\"mol_l\" selected>mol\/L<\/option><option value=\"mmol_l\">mmol\/L<\/option><option value=\"umol_l\">\u00b5mol\/L<\/option><\/select><svg class=\"pointer-events-none col-start-1 row-start-1 mr-2 size-5 self-center justify-self-end text-gray-500 sm:size-4\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-slot=\"icon\">\n              <path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4.22 6.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 8.94l2.72-2.72a.75.75 0 1 1 1.06 1.06l-3.25 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L4.22 7.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" \/>\n            <\/svg><\/div><\/div><small id=\"calc-info-17\">St\u0119\u017cenie molowe sz\u00f3stego jonu<\/small><\/div><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-13\" hidden><label for=\"field-19\">\u0141adunek jonu 6<\/label><div class=\"term\">z\u2086<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><input type=\"number\" name=\"adunek_jonu_6\" id=\"field-19\" aria-describedby=\"calc-info-19\" placeholder=\"e.g. -1\" min=\"-6\" max=\"6\" step=\"1\" value=\"-1\"\/><small id=\"calc-info-19\">Liczba \u0142adunkowa ze znakiem<\/small><\/div><\/fieldset><div class=\"buttons\"><button type=\"submit\" data-text=\"Przelicz ponownie\" id=\"calculate-button\" data-post=\"1994\">Oblicz<\/button><button type=\"reset\">Wyczy\u015b\u0107<\/button><\/div><div class=\"field is-checkbox hidden!\" id=\"field-auto-calc\"><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"auto-calc\"><label for=\"auto-calc\">Obliczaj automatycznie<\/label><small>Po w\u0142\u0105czeniu wynik aktualizuje si\u0119 automatycznie po zmianie dowolnej warto\u015bci.<\/small><\/div><div class=\"fieldset-result is-hidden\" aria-labelledby=\"result-title\" aria-live=\"polite\" role=\"region\"> <h3 class=\"result-title bg-gradient-to-r from-primary-50 to-gray-50 dark:from-primary-900 dark:to-gray-800\" id=\"result-title\"><span class=\"icon icon-s-pulse\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span> Wyniki si\u0142y jonowej<\/h3><div class=\"result-box\"><div class=\"field-result\" id=\"output-1\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Si\u0142a jonowa<\/span><span class=\"result-term\">I<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-1\" data-unit=\"mol\/L\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Kopiuj wynik\" aria-label=\"Kopiuj wynik\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"field-result\" id=\"output-2\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Si\u0142a jonowa<\/span><span class=\"result-term\">I<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-2\" data-unit=\"mmol\/L\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Kopiuj wynik\" aria-label=\"Kopiuj wynik\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"field-result is-column\" id=\"output-3\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Udzia\u0142y poszczeg\u00f3lnych jon\u00f3w<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-3\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Kopiuj wynik\" aria-label=\"Kopiuj wynik\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div><div class=\"result-actions\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-link\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M12.232 4.232a2.5 2.5 0 0 1 3.536 3.536l-1.225 1.224a.75.75 0 0 0 1.061 1.06l1.224-1.224a4 4 0 0 0-5.656-5.656l-3 3a4 4 0 0 0 .225 5.865.75.75 0 0 0 .977-1.138 2.5 2.5 0 0 1-.142-3.667l3-3Z\"\/><path d=\"M11.603 7.963a.75.75 0 0 0-.977 1.138 2.5 2.5 0 0 1 .142 3.667l-3 3a2.5 2.5 0 0 1-3.536-3.536l1.225-1.224a.75.75 0 0 0-1.061-1.06l-1.224 1.224a4 4 0 1 0 5.656 5.656l3-3a4 4 0 0 0-.225-5.865Z\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"copy-link__text\">Kopiuj link do tego obliczenia<\/span><\/button><span class=\"sr-only\" role=\"status\" id=\"copy-link-status\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><a href=\"#respond\" class=\"hidden transition-opacity duration-300 opacity-0 w-50 text-sm justify-center items-center gap-2 px-4 py-2 rounded bg-gray-200 text-gray-700 hover:bg-gray-300\" id=\"leave-comment\"><span class=\"icon icon-comments\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Zostaw komentarz<\/a><\/form><\/section><section id=\"calc-reactions\" class=\"not-prose hidden my-12 bg-gradient-to-r from-primary-50 to-gray-50 border border-indigo-100 rounded-xl px-6 py-4 shadow-sm\" data-post=\"1994\" aria-live=\"polite\" aria-labelledby=\"calc-reactions-title\"><p id=\"calc-reactions-title\" class=\"text-sm text-gray-500 text-center mb-2\">Jak oceniasz ten wynik?<\/p><div role=\"group\" aria-labelledby=\"calc-reactions-title\" class=\"grid grid-cols-3 sm:flex sm:flex-row sm:justify-around gap-4 sm:items-center sm:flex-wrap\"><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"like\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"like\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\ude00 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Lubi\u0119 to <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"helpful\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"helpful\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\udca1 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Pomocne <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"confused\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"confused\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\ude15 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Niejasne <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"disappointed\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"disappointed\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\ude1e <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Rozczarowanie <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"inaccurate\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"inaccurate\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u274c <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Niedok\u0142adne <\/span><\/button><\/div><div id=\"reaction-message\" class=\"hidden mt-8 rounded-md border border-primary-100 bg-white\/50 backdrop-blur-sm px-4 py-2 text-sm text-center shadow-sm\"><\/div><\/section><div class=\"calcdash-ad not-prose calcdash-ad--calc_result calcdash-ad--in-article\"><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-1721569815777345\" data-ad-slot=\"6317458308\" data-ad-layout=\"in-article\" data-ad-format=\"fluid\"><\/ins><script>(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});<\/script><\/div>\n<style id=\"wpcoderpro-inline-1\">.formula-box {\r\n\tborder-bottom: none !important;\r\n}<\/style><section class=\"formula-box\" aria-labelledby=\"formula-title\">\r\n\t<div id=\"formula-title\" class=\"not-prose font-display mb-4\"><span class=\"icon icon-formula\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2>Wz\u00f3r na si\u0142\u0119 jonow\u0105<\/h2><\/div>\r\n\t<figure class=\"not-prose formula\">\r\n\t\t<figcaption class=\"formula-title\">Wz\u00f3r<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<div class=\"text-base text-gray-800\" id=\"formula\">\n\\[ I = \\frac{1}{2} \\sum_{i=1}^{n} c_i z_i^{2} \\]<\/div>\r\n\t<\/figure>\r\n\t<\/p>\n<p><strong>Gdzie:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\\(I\\) \u2014 si\u0142a jonowa (mol\/L)<\/li>\n<li>\\(c_i\\) \u2014 st\u0119\u017cenie molowe jonu \\(i\\) (mol\/L)<\/li>\n<li>\\(z_i\\) \u2014 liczba \u0142adunkowa jonu \\(i\\) wraz ze znakiem (np. \\(+1\\) dla Na\u207a, \\(-2\\) dla SO\u2084\u00b2\u207b)<\/li>\n<li>\\(n\\) \u2014 liczba rodzaj\u00f3w jon\u00f3w w roztworze<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Wz\u00f3r m\u00f3wi, \u017ce si\u0142a jonowa to po\u0142owa sumy iloczyn\u00f3w st\u0119\u017cenia ka\u017cdego jonu i kwadratu jego \u0142adunku. Podnoszenie \u0142adunku do kwadratu sprawia, \u017ce jony o wielokrotnym \u0142adunku wnosz\u0105 znacznie wi\u0119cej, ni\u017c wynika\u0142oby to z samego ich st\u0119\u017cenia.<\/p>\n<p>\r\n<\/section>\n<style id=\"wpcoderpro-inline-2\">.calculation-box {\r\n\tborder-bottom: none !important;\r\n}<\/style><section id=\"calculation\" class=\"calculation-box\" aria-labelledby=\"calculation-title\">\r\n\t<div id=\"calculation-title\" class=\"not-prose font-display\"><span class=\"icon icon-unordered-list\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2>Si\u0142a jonowa \u2013 przyk\u0142ad obliczenia<\/h2><\/div>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>Przyk\u0142ad:<\/strong> roztw\u00f3r chlorku sodu o st\u0119\u017ceniu 0,1 mol\/L, w kt\u00f3rym \\([\\text{Na}^+] = 0.1\\) mol\/L przy \\(z = +1\\) oraz \\([\\text{Cl}^-] = 0.1\\) mol\/L przy \\(z = -1\\).<\/p>\n<p>\\[ I = \\tfrac{1}{2}\\left( 0.1 \\times 1^{2} + 0.1 \\times (-1)^{2} \\right) \\]<\/p>\n<p>\\[ I = \\tfrac{1}{2}(0.1 + 0.1) = 0.1 \\text{ mol\/L} \\]<\/p>\n<p><strong>Wynik:<\/strong> si\u0142a jonowa wynosi 0,1 mol\/L (100 mmol\/L) i jest identyczna ze st\u0119\u017ceniem soli, poniewa\u017c oba jony maj\u0105 pojedynczy \u0142adunek.<\/p>\n<p>\n\r\n<\/section>\n<h2>Jak korzysta\u0107 z kalkulatora si\u0142y jonowej<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>Ustaw <strong>liczb\u0119 jon\u00f3w<\/strong> na tak\u0105, ile r\u00f3\u017cnych rodzaj\u00f3w jon\u00f3w jest rozpuszczonych w Twoim roztworze (od 1 do 6).<\/li>\n<li>Dla ka\u017cdego jonu wprowad\u017a jego st\u0119\u017cenie molowe w polach <strong>St\u0119\u017cenie jonu 1<\/strong>, <strong>St\u0119\u017cenie jonu 2<\/strong> itd. i wybierz jednostk\u0119 (mol\/L, mmol\/L lub \u00b5mol\/L).<\/li>\n<li>Wprowad\u017a liczb\u0119 \u0142adunkow\u0105 wraz ze znakiem w odpowiednim polu <strong>\u0141adunek jonu<\/strong>: \\(+1\\) dla Na\u207a, \\(-1\\) dla Cl\u207b, \\(+2\\) dla Ca\u00b2\u207a, \\(-2\\) dla SO\u2084\u00b2\u207b i tak dalej.<\/li>\n<li>Odczytaj wynik <strong>Si\u0142a jonowa<\/strong> w mol\/L i mmol\/L oraz sprawd\u017a tabel\u0119 <strong>Wk\u0142ady jon\u00f3w<\/strong>, aby zobaczy\u0107, ile ka\u017cdy jon wnosi do sumy.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Czym jest si\u0142a jonowa?<\/h2>\n<p>Si\u0142a jonowa to miara ca\u0142kowitego st\u0119\u017cenia jon\u00f3w w roztworze, wa\u017cona kwadratem \u0142adunku ka\u017cdego jonu. Poj\u0119cie to wprowadzili G. N. Lewis i M. Randall w 1921 roku i sta\u0142o si\u0119 ono kluczow\u0105 wielko\u015bci\u0105 w elektrochemii i chemii roztwor\u00f3w. W przeciwie\u0144stwie do zwyk\u0142ej molarno\u015bci, kt\u00f3ra liczy cz\u0105stki niezale\u017cnie od \u0142adunku, si\u0142a jonowa uwzgl\u0119dnia fakt, \u017ce jon o podw\u00f3jnym \u0142adunku zaburza elektryczne otoczenie roztworu mniej wi\u0119cej cztery razy mocniej ni\u017c jon o pojedynczym \u0142adunku przy tym samym st\u0119\u017ceniu.<\/p>\n<p>Dla elektrolitu 1:1, takiego jak NaCl, gdzie oba jony nios\u0105 pojedynczy \u0142adunek, si\u0142a jonowa po prostu r\u00f3wna si\u0119 st\u0119\u017ceniu molowemu soli. Dla soli asymetrycznych liczby si\u0119 r\u00f3\u017cni\u0105: w 0,1 mol\/L CaCl\u2082 si\u0142a jonowa wynosi \\(\\tfrac{1}{2}(0.1 \\times 2^2 + 0.2 \\times 1^2) = 0.3\\) mol\/L, czyli trzykrotno\u015b\u0107 molarno\u015bci. Dlatego to si\u0142a jonowa, a nie st\u0119\u017cenie, jest wielko\u015bci\u0105, kt\u00f3ra decyduje o zachowaniu jon\u00f3w w roztworze.<\/p>\n<p>Si\u0142a jonowa ma znaczenie, poniewa\u017c steruje wsp\u00f3\u0142czynnikami aktywno\u015bci jon\u00f3w \u2014 efektywnymi st\u0119\u017ceniami wyst\u0119puj\u0105cymi w wyra\u017ceniach r\u00f3wnowagowych. Wp\u0142ywa na <a href=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/chemistry\/nernst-equation-calculator\/\">r\u00f3wnanie Nernsta<\/a> dla potencja\u0142\u00f3w elektrod, pojemno\u015b\u0107 buforow\u0105 i mierzony <a href=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/chemistry\/ph-calculator\/\">pH<\/a>, rozpuszczalno\u015b\u0107 soli trudno rozpuszczalnych, stabilno\u015b\u0107 bia\u0142ek oraz kinetyk\u0119 reakcji jonowych. teoria Debye'a\u2013H\u00fcckla, wa\u017cna dla roztwor\u00f3w rozcie\u0144czonych (zazwyczaj \\(I &lt; 0.1\\) mol\/L), wprost wi\u0105\u017ce wsp\u00f3\u0142czynniki aktywno\u015bci z pierwiastkiem kwadratowym si\u0142y jonowej.<\/p>\n<h2>Interpretacja wyniku<\/h2>\n<p>Tabela wk\u0142ad\u00f3w jon\u00f3w pokazuje wyraz \\(c_i z_i^2\\) ka\u017cdego rodzaju jonu oraz jego udzia\u0142 w sumie. Nawet niewielkie st\u0119\u017cenie jonu wielowarto\u015bciowego, takiego jak Al\u00b3\u207a lub PO\u2084\u00b3\u207b, mo\u017ce zdominowa\u0107 si\u0142\u0119 jonow\u0105 mieszaniny. Por\u00f3wnuj\u0105c roztwory, zawsze por\u00f3wnuj warto\u015bci \\(I\\), a nie surowe st\u0119\u017cenia soli \u2014 roztw\u00f3r 0,05 mol\/L MgSO\u2084 (\\(I = 0.2\\)) jest elektrochemicznie \u201esilniejszy\u201d ni\u017c roztw\u00f3r 0,1 mol\/L KCl (\\(I = 0.1\\)).<\/p>\n<h2>Za\u0142o\u017cenia i wskaz\u00f3wki praktyczne<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Zak\u0142adana jest pe\u0142na dysocjacja.<\/strong> Kalkulator traktuje ka\u017cdy wprowadzony jon jako wolny, niezale\u017cny rodzaj. Dla elektrolit\u00f3w s\u0142abych (s\u0142abe kwasy, zasady) lub par jonowych wprowad\u017a rzeczywiste st\u0119\u017cenia wolnych jon\u00f3w, a nie st\u0119\u017cenie analityczne zwi\u0105zku macierzystego.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Licz ka\u017cdy jon osobno.<\/strong> Dla 0,1 mol\/L CaCl\u2082 wprowad\u017a Ca\u00b2\u207a o st\u0119\u017ceniu 0,1 mol\/L (\\(z = +2\\)) oraz Cl\u207b o st\u0119\u017ceniu 0,2 mol\/L (\\(z = -1\\)), poniewa\u017c ka\u017cda jednostka formulaiczna uwalnia dwa jony chlorkowe.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Znak \u0142adunku nie wp\u0142ywa na wynik.<\/strong> Poniewa\u017c \\(z\\) jest podnoszone do kwadratu, wprowadzenie \\(-1\\) lub \\(+1\\) daje ten sam wk\u0142ad \u2014 wprowad\u017a jednak poprawny znak, aby tabela wk\u0142ad\u00f3w by\u0142a \u0142atwa do sprawdzenia.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sama woda jest pomijana.<\/strong> Znikomy wk\u0142ad H\u207a i OH\u207b pochodz\u0105cych z autojonizacji (po 10\u207b\u2077 mol\/L) nie ma znaczenia, chyba \u017ce chodzi o wyj\u0105tkowo czyst\u0105 wod\u0119.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Jednostki musz\u0105 by\u0107 molowe.<\/strong> Kalkulator automatycznie przelicza mmol\/L i \u00b5mol\/L, ale je\u015bli Twoje dane s\u0105 w mg\/L lub ppm, najpierw przelicz je na mol\/L za pomoc\u0105 masy molowej \u2014 pomo\u017ce w tym nasz <a href=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/chemistry\/molarity-calculator\/\">kalkulator st\u0119\u017cenia molowego<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Si\u0142a jonowa typowych roztwor\u00f3w soli<\/h2>\n<p>Dla w pe\u0142ni zdysocjowanej soli \\(\\text{M}_{a}\\text{X}_{b}\\) o st\u0119\u017ceniu molowym \\(c\\) si\u0142a jonowa wynosi \\(I = \\tfrac{1}{2}(a z_M^2 + b z_X^2)\\,c\\):<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Roztw\u00f3r (1 mol\/L)<\/th>\n<th>Obecne jony<\/th>\n<th>Si\u0142a jonowa I (mol\/L)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>NaCl 1:1<\/td>\n<td>Na\u207a, Cl\u207b<\/td>\n<td>1,0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>KBr 1:1<\/td>\n<td>K\u207a, Br\u207b<\/td>\n<td>1,0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>CaCl\u2082 1:2<\/td>\n<td>Ca\u00b2\u207a, 2 Cl\u207b<\/td>\n<td>3,0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Na\u2082SO\u2084 2:1<\/td>\n<td>2 Na\u207a, SO\u2084\u00b2\u207b<\/td>\n<td>3,0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>MgSO\u2084 2:2<\/td>\n<td>Mg\u00b2\u207a, SO\u2084\u00b2\u207b<\/td>\n<td>4,0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>AlCl\u2083 1:3<\/td>\n<td>Al\u00b3\u207a, 3 Cl\u207b<\/td>\n<td>6,0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Je\u015bli Twoja praca dotyczy w\u0142a\u015bciwo\u015bci koligatywnych lub transportu przez membrany, przydatny mo\u017ce si\u0119 te\u017c okaza\u0107 nasz <a href=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/chemistry\/osmotic-pressure-calculator\/\">kalkulator ci\u015bnienia osmotycznego<\/a>, poniewa\u017c ci\u015bnienie osmotyczne r\u00f3wnie\u017c zale\u017cy od ca\u0142kowitej liczby rozpuszczonych cz\u0105stek.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Oblicz si\u0142\u0119 jonow\u0105 roztworu na podstawie st\u0119\u017cenia molowego i \u0142adunku ka\u017cdego rozpuszczonego jonu. Wprowad\u017a dane dla maksymalnie sze\u015bciu rodzaj\u00f3w jon\u00f3w i otrzymaj I w mol\/L wraz z wk\u0142adem ka\u017cdego jonu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3168,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[24],"class_list":["post-1994","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-chemia","tag-bufory"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1994","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3168"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1994"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1994\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2072,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1994\/revisions\/2072"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1994"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1994"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1994"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}