{"id":2007,"date":"2026-10-07T06:45:35","date_gmt":"2026-10-07T05:45:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/chemia\/kalkulator-ph\/"},"modified":"2026-10-07T06:45:35","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T05:45:35","slug":"kalkulator-ph","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/chemia\/kalkulator-ph\/","title":{"rendered":"Kalkulator pH"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"not-prose calculator-box\" aria-labelledby=\"calculator-title\"><div class=\"flex items-baseline sm:items-center justify-between gap-2 sm:gap-3\"><div class=\"flex flex-col sm:flex-row sm:items-center gap-2\"><span class=\"icon icon-calculator text-primary-700! text-base! dark:text-primary-300!\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 id=\"calculator-title\" class=\"text-lg font-display font-bold\">Oblicz pH i pOH na podstawie st\u0119\u017cenia jon\u00f3w<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"calcdash-favorite group\">\n  <button type=\"button\" class=\"favorite\" id=\"favorite\" data-favorite-id=\"2007\" data-favorite-title=\"pH\" data-favorite-url=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/chemia\/kalkulator-ph\/\" data-favorite-excerpt=\"Oblicz pH i pOH roztworu na podstawie st\u0119\u017cenia jon\u00f3w wodorowych (H\u207a) lub wodorotlenowych (OH\u207b). Wprowad\u017a st\u0119\u017cenie molowe i opcjonalnie temperatur\u0119, aby otrzyma\u0107 pH, pOH i pKw.\" aria-label=\"Dodaj do ulubionych\" data-favorite-icon=\"icon icon-chemistry-1\">\n    <span class=\"icon icon-shape-star-empty\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n  <\/button>\n  <div class=\"calcdash-favorite__tip\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n   <span class=\"favorite-tooltip\" id=\"favorite-tooltip\"><\/span>\n  <\/div>\n  <span class=\"sr-only\" role=\"status\" id=\"favorite-status\"><\/span>\n<\/div><\/div><form action=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/chemia\/kalkulator-ph\/\" method=\"POST\" class=\"calculator\" id=\"calculator-2007\" data-post=\"2007\"><fieldset class=\"fieldset-input is-1\"><legend class=\"sr-only\">Pola danych<\/legend><div class=\"field\" id=\"input-1\"><label for=\"field-1\">Znany jon<\/label><div class=\"grid grid-cols-1\"><select id=\"field-1\" name=\"znany_jon\"><option value=\"h\" selected>Jon wodorowy (H\u207a \/ H\u2083O\u207a)<\/option><option value=\"oh\">Jon wodorotlenkowy (OH\u207b)<\/option><\/select><svg class=\"pointer-events-none col-start-1 row-start-1 mr-2 size-5 self-center justify-self-end text-gray-500 sm:size-4\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-slot=\"icon\">\n              <path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4.22 6.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 8.94l2.72-2.72a.75.75 0 1 1 1.06 1.06l-3.25 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L4.22 7.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" \/>\n            <\/svg><\/div><\/div><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-2\"><label for=\"field-2\">St\u0119\u017cenie jonu<\/label><div class=\"term\">[H\u207a] \/ [OH\u207b]<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><div class=\"field-group\"><input type=\"text\" name=\"stenie_jonu\" id=\"field-2\" aria-describedby=\"calc-info-2\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" placeholder=\"e.g. 0.0001\" min=\"0\" value=\"0.0001\"\/><div class=\"grid grid-cols-1\"><select id=\"field-3\" name=\"jednostka\" aria-label=\"Jednostka\"><option value=\"mol\" selected>mol\/L<\/option><option value=\"mmol\">mmol\/L<\/option><option value=\"umol\">\u00b5mol\/L<\/option><option value=\"nmol\">nmol\/L<\/option><\/select><svg class=\"pointer-events-none col-start-1 row-start-1 mr-2 size-5 self-center justify-self-end text-gray-500 sm:size-4\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-slot=\"icon\">\n              <path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4.22 6.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 8.94l2.72-2.72a.75.75 0 1 1 1.06 1.06l-3.25 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L4.22 7.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" \/>\n            <\/svg><\/div><\/div><small id=\"calc-info-2\">St\u0119\u017cenie molowe wybranego jonu<\/small><\/div><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-3\"><label for=\"field-4\">Temperatura (opcjonalnie)<\/label><div class=\"term\">T<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><div class=\"field-group\"><input type=\"text\" name=\"temperatura_opcjonalnie\" id=\"field-4\" aria-describedby=\"calc-info-4\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" placeholder=\"e.g. 25\" min=\"0\" max=\"100\" value=\"25\"\/><div class=\"grid grid-cols-1\"><select id=\"field-5\" name=\"jednostka\" aria-label=\"Jednostka\"><option value=\"c\" selected>\u00b0C<\/option><option value=\"f\">\u00b0F<\/option><\/select><svg class=\"pointer-events-none col-start-1 row-start-1 mr-2 size-5 self-center justify-self-end text-gray-500 sm:size-4\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-slot=\"icon\">\n              <path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4.22 6.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 8.94l2.72-2.72a.75.75 0 1 1 1.06 1.06l-3.25 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L4.22 7.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" \/>\n            <\/svg><\/div><\/div><small id=\"calc-info-4\">U\u017cywana do iloczynu jonowego wody pKw; przy 25 \u00b0C pKw \u2248 14,00. Je\u015bli zostanie puste, przyjmuje si\u0119 25 \u00b0C<\/small><\/div><\/fieldset><div class=\"buttons\"><button type=\"submit\" data-text=\"Przelicz ponownie\" id=\"calculate-button\" data-post=\"2007\">Oblicz<\/button><button type=\"reset\">Wyczy\u015b\u0107<\/button><\/div><div class=\"field is-checkbox hidden!\" id=\"field-auto-calc\"><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"auto-calc\"><label for=\"auto-calc\">Obliczaj automatycznie<\/label><small>Po w\u0142\u0105czeniu wynik aktualizuje si\u0119 automatycznie po zmianie dowolnej warto\u015bci.<\/small><\/div><div class=\"fieldset-result is-hidden\" aria-labelledby=\"result-title\" aria-live=\"polite\" role=\"region\"> <h3 class=\"result-title bg-gradient-to-r from-primary-50 to-gray-50 dark:from-primary-900 dark:to-gray-800\" id=\"result-title\"><span class=\"icon icon-s-pulse\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span> Twoje wyniki<\/h3><div class=\"result-box\"><div class=\"field-result\" id=\"output-1\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>pH<\/span><span class=\"result-term\">pH<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-1\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Kopiuj wynik\" aria-label=\"Kopiuj wynik\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"field-result\" id=\"output-2\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>pOH<\/span><span class=\"result-term\">pOH<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-2\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Kopiuj wynik\" aria-label=\"Kopiuj wynik\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"field-result\" id=\"output-3\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>pKw przy tej temperaturze<\/span><span class=\"result-term\">pKw<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-3\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Kopiuj wynik\" aria-label=\"Kopiuj wynik\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"field-result is-column\" id=\"output-4\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Roztw\u00f3r jest<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-4\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Kopiuj wynik\" aria-label=\"Kopiuj wynik\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div><div class=\"result-actions\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-link\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M12.232 4.232a2.5 2.5 0 0 1 3.536 3.536l-1.225 1.224a.75.75 0 0 0 1.061 1.06l1.224-1.224a4 4 0 0 0-5.656-5.656l-3 3a4 4 0 0 0 .225 5.865.75.75 0 0 0 .977-1.138 2.5 2.5 0 0 1-.142-3.667l3-3Z\"\/><path d=\"M11.603 7.963a.75.75 0 0 0-.977 1.138 2.5 2.5 0 0 1 .142 3.667l-3 3a2.5 2.5 0 0 1-3.536-3.536l1.225-1.224a.75.75 0 0 0-1.061-1.06l-1.224 1.224a4 4 0 1 0 5.656 5.656l3-3a4 4 0 0 0-.225-5.865Z\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"copy-link__text\">Kopiuj link do tego obliczenia<\/span><\/button><span class=\"sr-only\" role=\"status\" id=\"copy-link-status\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><a href=\"#respond\" class=\"hidden transition-opacity duration-300 opacity-0 w-50 text-sm justify-center items-center gap-2 px-4 py-2 rounded bg-gray-200 text-gray-700 hover:bg-gray-300\" id=\"leave-comment\"><span class=\"icon icon-comments\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Zostaw komentarz<\/a><\/form><\/section><section id=\"calc-reactions\" class=\"not-prose hidden my-12 bg-gradient-to-r from-primary-50 to-gray-50 border border-indigo-100 rounded-xl px-6 py-4 shadow-sm\" data-post=\"2007\" aria-live=\"polite\" aria-labelledby=\"calc-reactions-title\"><p id=\"calc-reactions-title\" class=\"text-sm text-gray-500 text-center mb-2\">Jak oceniasz ten wynik?<\/p><div role=\"group\" aria-labelledby=\"calc-reactions-title\" class=\"grid grid-cols-3 sm:flex sm:flex-row sm:justify-around gap-4 sm:items-center sm:flex-wrap\"><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"like\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"like\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\ude00 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Lubi\u0119 to <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"helpful\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"helpful\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\udca1 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Pomocne <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"confused\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"confused\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\ude15 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Niejasne <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"disappointed\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"disappointed\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\ude1e <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Rozczarowanie <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"inaccurate\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"inaccurate\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u274c <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Niedok\u0142adne <\/span><\/button><\/div><div id=\"reaction-message\" class=\"hidden mt-8 rounded-md border border-primary-100 bg-white\/50 backdrop-blur-sm px-4 py-2 text-sm text-center shadow-sm\"><\/div><\/section><div class=\"calcdash-ad not-prose calcdash-ad--calc_result calcdash-ad--in-article\"><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-1721569815777345\" data-ad-slot=\"6317458308\" data-ad-layout=\"in-article\" data-ad-format=\"fluid\"><\/ins><script>(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});<\/script><\/div>\n<style id=\"wpcoderpro-inline-1\">.formula-box {\r\n\tborder-bottom: none !important;\r\n}<\/style><section class=\"formula-box\" aria-labelledby=\"formula-title\">\r\n\t<div id=\"formula-title\" class=\"not-prose font-display mb-4\"><span class=\"icon icon-formula\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2>Wz\u00f3r na pH<\/h2><\/div>\r\n\t<figure class=\"not-prose formula\">\r\n\t\t<figcaption class=\"formula-title\">Wz\u00f3r<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<div class=\"text-base text-gray-800\" id=\"formula\">\n\\[ \\mathrm{pH} = -\\log_{10}[\\mathrm{H^+}] \\qquad \\mathrm{pOH} = -\\log_{10}[\\mathrm{OH^-}] \\qquad \\mathrm{pH} + \\mathrm{pOH} = \\mathrm{p}K_w \\\\]\n\\[ \\mathrm{p}K_w = 14.94 - 0.04209\\,T + 0.0001711\\,T^2 \\]\n<\/div>\r\n\t<\/figure>\r\n\t<\/p>\n<p><strong>Gdzie:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\\([\\mathrm{H^+}]\\) \u2014 st\u0119\u017cenie jon\u00f3w wodorowych (hydroniowych) w mol\/L<\/li>\n<li>\\([\\mathrm{OH^-}]\\) \u2014 st\u0119\u017cenie jon\u00f3w wodorotlenowych w mol\/L<\/li>\n<li>\\(\\mathrm{p}K_w\\) \u2014 iloczyn jonowy wody \\((-\\log_{10}K_w)\\)<\/li>\n<li>\\(T\\) \u2014 temperatura w \u00b0C<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>pH to ujemny logarytm o podstawie 10 ze st\u0119\u017cenia jon\u00f3w wodorowych. Poniewa\u017c \\(\\mathrm{pH} + \\mathrm{pOH} = \\mathrm{p}K_w\\), znajomo\u015b\u0107 st\u0119\u017cenia jednego z jon\u00f3w oraz temperatury wystarcza do wyznaczenia obu warto\u015bci.<\/p>\n<p>\r\n<\/section>\n<style id=\"wpcoderpro-inline-2\">.calculation-box {\r\n\tborder-bottom: none !important;\r\n}<\/style><section id=\"calculation\" class=\"calculation-box\" aria-labelledby=\"calculation-title\">\r\n\t<div id=\"calculation-title\" class=\"not-prose font-display\"><span class=\"icon icon-unordered-list\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2>pH \u2014 przyk\u0142ad obliczenia<\/h2><\/div>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>Przyk\u0142ad:<\/strong> roztw\u00f3r ma st\u0119\u017cenie jon\u00f3w wodorowych \\(0{,}0001\\) mol\/L (\\(10^{-4}\\) mol\/L) w temperaturze 25 \u00b0C.<\/p>\n<p>\\[ \\mathrm{pH} = -\\log_{10}(10^{-4}) = 4.000 \\]<\/p>\n<p>\\[ \\mathrm{p}K_w = 14.94 - 0.04209 \\times 25 + 0.0001711 \\times 25^2 \\approx 13.995 \\]<\/p>\n<p>\\[ \\mathrm{pOH} = 13.995 - 4.000 = 9.995 \\]<\/p>\n<p><strong>Wynik:<\/strong> pH = 4,000; pOH = 9,995; pKw \u2248 13,995. Roztw\u00f3r jest <strong>kwa\u015bny<\/strong> (pH &lt; 7).<\/p>\n<p>\n\r\n<\/section>\n<h2>Jak korzysta\u0107 z kalkulatora pH<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>Na li\u015bcie rozwijanej <strong>Znany jon<\/strong> wybierz, czy zmierzy\u0142e\u015b st\u0119\u017cenie jon\u00f3w wodorowych (H\u207a \/ H\u2083O\u207a), czy wodorotlenowych (OH\u207b).<\/li>\n<li>Wprowad\u017a warto\u015b\u0107 <strong>St\u0119\u017cenie jon\u00f3w<\/strong>, np. 0,0001.<\/li>\n<li>Wybierz pasuj\u0105c\u0105 <strong>Jednostk\u0119<\/strong> (mol\/L, mmol\/L, \u00b5mol\/L lub nmol\/L) \u2014 kalkulator automatycznie przeliczy j\u0105 na mol\/L.<\/li>\n<li>Opcjonalnie ustaw <strong>Temperatur\u0119<\/strong> i jej jednostk\u0119 (\u00b0C lub \u00b0F). Je\u015bli pole pozostanie puste, przyjmowana jest temperatura 25 \u00b0C, co daje pKw \u2248 14,00.<\/li>\n<li>Odczytaj wyniki: <strong>pH<\/strong>, <strong>pOH<\/strong>, <strong>pKw w tej temperaturze<\/strong> oraz informacj\u0119, czy roztw\u00f3r jest kwa\u015bny, zasadowy czy oboj\u0119tny.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Czym jest pH i co oznacza wynik?<\/h2>\n<p>pH okre\u015bla, jak kwa\u015bny lub zasadowy (alkaliczny) jest roztw\u00f3r wodny. Definiuje si\u0119 je jako ujemny logarytm aktywno\u015bci jon\u00f3w wodorowych; dla rozcie\u0144czonych roztwor\u00f3w st\u0119\u017cenie \\([\\mathrm{H^+}]\\) jest bardzo dobrym przybli\u017ceniem. Poniewa\u017c skala jest logarytmiczna, ka\u017cda pe\u0142na jednostka pH oznacza dziesi\u0119ciokrotn\u0105 zmian\u0119 kwasowo\u015bci: roztw\u00f3r o pH 3 zawiera dziesi\u0119\u0107 razy wi\u0119cej jon\u00f3w H\u207a ni\u017c roztw\u00f3r o pH 4 i sto razy wi\u0119cej ni\u017c roztw\u00f3r o pH 5.<\/p>\n<p>pOH to lustrzane odbicie pH: w ten sam spos\u00f3b wyra\u017ca st\u0119\u017cenie jon\u00f3w wodorotlenowych. Obie warto\u015bci s\u0105 powi\u0105zane iloczynem jonowym wody, \\(K_w = [\\mathrm{H^+}][\\mathrm{OH^-}]\\), st\u0105d \\(\\mathrm{pH} + \\mathrm{pOH} = \\mathrm{p}K_w\\). W temperaturze 25 \u00b0C \\(\\mathrm{p}K_w \\approx 14\\), dlatego pH 7 nazywa si\u0119 oboj\u0119tnym w temperaturze pokojowej: \\([\\mathrm{H^+}] = [\\mathrm{OH^-}] = 10^{-7}\\) mol\/L.<\/p>\n<p>Interpretacja wyniku: pH poni\u017cej 7 oznacza, \u017ce roztw\u00f3r jest kwa\u015bny, pH powy\u017cej 7 \u2014 \u017ce jest zasadowy, a pH dok\u0142adnie r\u00f3wne 7 \u2014 \u017ce jest oboj\u0119tny, ale tylko w danej temperaturze. pKw wody zmienia si\u0119 z temperatur\u0105 (oko\u0142o 14,94 przy 0 \u00b0C, 13,26 przy 60 \u00b0C), wi\u0119c czysta woda jest oboj\u0119tna przy pH \u2248 6,14 w pobli\u017cu 100 \u00b0C, a nie przy pH 7. Dlatego kalkulator pyta o temperatur\u0119 i podaje warto\u015b\u0107 pKw, kt\u00f3rej u\u017cy\u0142.<\/p>\n<h2>Za\u0142o\u017cenia, ograniczenia i praktyczne wskaz\u00f3wki<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>St\u0119\u017cenie a aktywno\u015b\u0107:<\/strong> kalkulator korzysta ze st\u0119\u017ce\u0144 molowych. W st\u0119\u017conych roztworach (powy\u017cej oko\u0142o 0,1 mol\/L rozpuszczonych soli) oddzia\u0142ywania mi\u0119dzyjonowe sprawiaj\u0105, \u017ce rzeczywiste pH r\u00f3\u017cni si\u0119 od warto\u015bci obliczonej tutaj; pehametr mierzy aktywno\u015b\u0107 bezpo\u015brednio.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Model temperatury:<\/strong> empiryczny wz\u00f3r na pKw jest dok\u0142adny w zakresie od 0 do 60 \u00b0C i nadal sensowny do 100 \u00b0C. Warto\u015bci powy\u017cej 60 \u00b0C s\u0105 przybli\u017cone.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Elektrolity mocne i s\u0142abe:<\/strong> wprowadzenie st\u0119\u017cenia analitycznego (ca\u0142kowitego) zak\u0142ada pe\u0142n\u0105 dysocjacj\u0119 jonu. Dla s\u0142abych kwas\u00f3w i zasad oraz mieszanin buforowych nale\u017cy najpierw wyznaczy\u0107 st\u0119\u017cenie r\u00f3wnowagowe \u2014 nasz kalkulator <a href=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/chemia\/bufor-octanowy-2\/\">Sk\u0142ad buforu octanowego<\/a> pomo\u017ce w przypadku uk\u0142ad\u00f3w buforowych.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Skr\u00f3ty jednostkowe:<\/strong> warto\u015b\u0107 0,0001 mol\/L mo\u017cna wprowadzi\u0107 jako 100 \u00b5mol\/L lub 0,1 mmol\/L \u2014 wybierz jednostk\u0119, kt\u00f3r\u0105 dysponujesz, a przeliczenie zostanie wykonane automatycznie.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zadania na rozcie\u0144czanie:<\/strong> je\u015bli Twoje st\u0119\u017cenie pochodzi z rozcie\u0144czenia roztworu macierzystego, najpierw u\u017cyj kalkulatora <a href=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/chemia\/c1v1-c2v2\/\">rozcie\u0144czania C1V1 = C2V2<\/a>, a wynik wprowad\u017a tutaj.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Spektrofotometria:<\/strong> je\u015bli st\u0119\u017cenia wyznaczasz na podstawie pomiar\u00f3w absorbancji, kalkulator <a href=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/chemia\/prawo-lamberta-beera\/\">Prawo Lamberta\u2013Beera<\/a> dobrze wsp\u00f3\u0142gra z tym narz\u0119dziem.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u015aci\u0105ga: pH powszechnych substancji<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Substancja<\/th>\n<th>Przybli\u017cone pH<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Sok \u017co\u0142\u0105dkowy<\/td>\n<td>1\u20132<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sok z cytryny<\/td>\n<td>2\u20133<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Czarna kawa<\/td>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Czysta woda (25 \u00b0C)<\/td>\n<td>7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Woda morska<\/td>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Roztw\u00f3r sody oczyszczonej<\/td>\n<td>9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Amoniak domowy<\/td>\n<td>11\u201312<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u015arodek do udra\u017cniania rur (NaOH)<\/td>\n<td>13\u201314<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>S\u0105 to typowe zakresy w temperaturze pokojowej; rzeczywiste warto\u015bci zale\u017c\u0105 od st\u0119\u017cenia i czysto\u015bci.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Oblicz pH i pOH roztworu na podstawie st\u0119\u017cenia jon\u00f3w wodorowych (H\u207a) lub wodorotlenowych (OH\u207b). Wprowad\u017a st\u0119\u017cenie molowe i opcjonalnie temperatur\u0119, aby otrzyma\u0107 pH, pOH i pKw.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3168,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[63],"class_list":["post-2007","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-chemia","tag-reakcje"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2007","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3168"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2007"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2007\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2038,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2007\/revisions\/2038"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2007"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2007"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2007"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}