{"id":2637,"date":"2026-10-15T00:29:43","date_gmt":"2026-10-14T23:29:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/chemia\/kalkulator-energii-fotonu\/"},"modified":"2026-10-15T00:29:43","modified_gmt":"2026-10-14T23:29:43","slug":"kalkulator-energii-fotonu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/chemia\/kalkulator-energii-fotonu\/","title":{"rendered":"Kalkulator energii fotonu"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"not-prose calculator-box\" aria-labelledby=\"calculator-title\"><div class=\"flex items-baseline sm:items-center justify-between gap-2 sm:gap-3\"><div class=\"flex flex-col sm:flex-row sm:items-center gap-2\"><span class=\"icon icon-calculator text-primary-700! text-base! dark:text-primary-300!\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 id=\"calculator-title\" class=\"text-lg font-display font-bold\">Energia fotonu z d\u0142ugo\u015bci fali lub cz\u0119stotliwo\u015bci<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"calcdash-favorite group\">\n  <button type=\"button\" class=\"favorite\" id=\"favorite\" data-favorite-id=\"2637\" data-favorite-title=\"Energia fotonu\" data-favorite-url=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/chemia\/kalkulator-energii-fotonu\/\" data-favorite-excerpt=\"Oblicz energi\u0119 fotonu na podstawie jego d\u0142ugo\u015bci fali lub cz\u0119stotliwo\u015bci. Wpisz dowoln\u0105 z tych wielko\u015bci, a otrzymasz energi\u0119 pojedynczego fotonu w d\u017culach i elektronowoltach, a tak\u017ce energi\u0119 mola foton\u00f3w w kJ\/mol.\" aria-label=\"Dodaj do ulubionych\" data-favorite-icon=\"icon icon-spectrum\">\n    <span class=\"icon icon-shape-star-empty\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n  <\/button>\n  <div class=\"calcdash-favorite__tip\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n   <span class=\"favorite-tooltip\" id=\"favorite-tooltip\"><\/span>\n  <\/div>\n  <span class=\"sr-only\" role=\"status\" id=\"favorite-status\"><\/span>\n<\/div><\/div><form action=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/chemia\/kalkulator-energii-fotonu\/\" method=\"POST\" class=\"calculator\" id=\"calculator-2637\" data-post=\"2637\"><fieldset class=\"fieldset-input is-2\"><legend class=\"sr-only\">Pola danych<\/legend><div class=\"field\" id=\"input-1\"><label for=\"field-1\">Rodzaj danych wej\u015bciowych<\/label><div class=\"grid grid-cols-1\"><select id=\"field-1\" name=\"rodzaj_danych_wejciowych\"><option value=\"wl\" selected>D\u0142ugo\u015b\u0107 fali (\u03bb)<\/option><option value=\"fr\">Cz\u0119stotliwo\u015b\u0107 (\u03bd)<\/option><\/select><svg class=\"pointer-events-none col-start-1 row-start-1 mr-2 size-5 self-center justify-self-end text-gray-500 sm:size-4\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-slot=\"icon\">\n              <path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4.22 6.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 8.94l2.72-2.72a.75.75 0 1 1 1.06 1.06l-3.25 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L4.22 7.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" \/>\n            <\/svg><\/div><\/div><div class=\"field is-single has-term\" id=\"input-2\"><label for=\"field-2\">D\u0142ugo\u015b\u0107 fali (\u03bb)<\/label><div class=\"term\">\u03bb<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><div class=\"field-group\"><input type=\"text\" name=\"dugo_fali_\" id=\"field-2\" aria-describedby=\"calc-info-2\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" placeholder=\"e.g. 500\" min=\"0\" value=\"500\"\/><div class=\"grid grid-cols-1\"><select id=\"field-3\" name=\"jednostka\" aria-label=\"Jednostka\"><option value=\"nm\" selected>nm<\/option><option value=\"um\">\u00b5m<\/option><option value=\"mm\">mm<\/option><option value=\"cm\">cm<\/option><option value=\"m\">m<\/option><\/select><svg class=\"pointer-events-none col-start-1 row-start-1 mr-2 size-5 self-center justify-self-end text-gray-500 sm:size-4\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-slot=\"icon\">\n              <path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4.22 6.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 8.94l2.72-2.72a.75.75 0 1 1 1.06 1.06l-3.25 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L4.22 7.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" \/>\n            <\/svg><\/div><\/div><small id=\"calc-info-2\">D\u0142ugo\u015b\u0107 fali \u015bwiat\u0142a w pr\u00f3\u017cni.<\/small><\/div><div class=\"field is-single has-term\" id=\"input-3\" hidden><label for=\"field-4\">Cz\u0119stotliwo\u015b\u0107 (\u03bd)<\/label><div class=\"term\">\u03bd<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><div class=\"field-group\"><input type=\"text\" name=\"czstotliwo_\" id=\"field-4\" aria-describedby=\"calc-info-4\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" placeholder=\"e.g. 600\" min=\"0\" value=\"600\"\/><div class=\"grid grid-cols-1\"><select id=\"field-5\" name=\"jednostka\" aria-label=\"Jednostka\"><option value=\"hz\">Hz<\/option><option value=\"khz\">kHz<\/option><option value=\"mhz\">MHz<\/option><option value=\"ghz\">GHz<\/option><option value=\"thz\" selected>THz<\/option><\/select><svg class=\"pointer-events-none col-start-1 row-start-1 mr-2 size-5 self-center justify-self-end text-gray-500 sm:size-4\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-slot=\"icon\">\n              <path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4.22 6.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 8.94l2.72-2.72a.75.75 0 1 1 1.06 1.06l-3.25 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L4.22 7.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" \/>\n            <\/svg><\/div><\/div><small id=\"calc-info-4\">Cz\u0119stotliwo\u015b\u0107 \u015bwiat\u0142a (cykle na sekund\u0119).<\/small><\/div><\/fieldset><div class=\"buttons\"><button type=\"submit\" data-text=\"Przelicz ponownie\" id=\"calculate-button\" data-post=\"2637\">Oblicz<\/button><button type=\"reset\">Wyczy\u015b\u0107<\/button><\/div><div class=\"field is-checkbox hidden!\" id=\"field-auto-calc\"><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"auto-calc\"><label for=\"auto-calc\">Obliczaj automatycznie<\/label><small>Po w\u0142\u0105czeniu wynik aktualizuje si\u0119 automatycznie po zmianie dowolnej warto\u015bci.<\/small><\/div><div class=\"fieldset-result is-hidden\" aria-labelledby=\"result-title\" aria-live=\"polite\" role=\"region\"> <h3 class=\"result-title bg-gradient-to-r from-primary-50 to-gray-50 dark:from-primary-900 dark:to-gray-800\" id=\"result-title\"><span class=\"icon icon-s-pulse\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span> Energia fotonu<\/h3><div class=\"result-box\"><div class=\"field-result\" id=\"output-1\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Energia pojedynczego fotonu<\/span><span class=\"result-term\">E<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-1\" data-unit=\"J\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Kopiuj wynik\" aria-label=\"Kopiuj wynik\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"field-result\" id=\"output-2\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Energia pojedynczego fotonu<\/span><span class=\"result-term\">E<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-2\" data-unit=\"eV\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Kopiuj wynik\" aria-label=\"Kopiuj wynik\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"field-result\" id=\"output-3\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Energia na mol foton\u00f3w<\/span><span class=\"result-term\">E\u00b7N_A<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-3\" data-unit=\"kJ\/mol\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Kopiuj wynik\" aria-label=\"Kopiuj wynik\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"field-result\" id=\"output-4\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Cz\u0119stotliwo\u015b\u0107<\/span><span class=\"result-term\">\u03bd<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-4\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Kopiuj wynik\" aria-label=\"Kopiuj wynik\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"field-result\" id=\"output-5\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>D\u0142ugo\u015b\u0107 fali<\/span><span class=\"result-term\">\u03bb<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-5\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Kopiuj wynik\" aria-label=\"Kopiuj wynik\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"field-result is-column\" id=\"output-6\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Szczeg\u00f3\u0142y oblicze\u0144<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-6\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Kopiuj wynik\" aria-label=\"Kopiuj wynik\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"field-result is-column\" id=\"output-7\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>O energii fotonu<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-7\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Kopiuj wynik\" aria-label=\"Kopiuj wynik\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div><div class=\"result-actions\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-link\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M12.232 4.232a2.5 2.5 0 0 1 3.536 3.536l-1.225 1.224a.75.75 0 0 0 1.061 1.06l1.224-1.224a4 4 0 0 0-5.656-5.656l-3 3a4 4 0 0 0 .225 5.865.75.75 0 0 0 .977-1.138 2.5 2.5 0 0 1-.142-3.667l3-3Z\"\/><path d=\"M11.603 7.963a.75.75 0 0 0-.977 1.138 2.5 2.5 0 0 1 .142 3.667l-3 3a2.5 2.5 0 0 1-3.536-3.536l1.225-1.224a.75.75 0 0 0-1.061-1.06l-1.224 1.224a4 4 0 1 0 5.656 5.656l3-3a4 4 0 0 0-.225-5.865Z\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"copy-link__text\">Kopiuj link do tego obliczenia<\/span><\/button><span class=\"sr-only\" role=\"status\" id=\"copy-link-status\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><a href=\"#respond\" class=\"hidden transition-opacity duration-300 opacity-0 w-50 text-sm justify-center items-center gap-2 px-4 py-2 rounded bg-gray-200 text-gray-700 hover:bg-gray-300\" id=\"leave-comment\"><span class=\"icon icon-comments\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Zostaw komentarz<\/a><\/form><\/section><section id=\"calc-reactions\" class=\"not-prose hidden my-12 bg-gradient-to-r from-primary-50 to-gray-50 border border-indigo-100 rounded-xl px-6 py-4 shadow-sm\" data-post=\"2637\" aria-live=\"polite\" aria-labelledby=\"calc-reactions-title\"><p id=\"calc-reactions-title\" class=\"text-sm text-gray-500 text-center mb-2\">Jak oceniasz ten wynik?<\/p><div role=\"group\" aria-labelledby=\"calc-reactions-title\" class=\"grid grid-cols-3 sm:flex sm:flex-row sm:justify-around gap-4 sm:items-center sm:flex-wrap\"><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"like\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"like\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\ude00 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Lubi\u0119 to <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"helpful\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"helpful\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\udca1 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Pomocne <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"confused\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"confused\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\ude15 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Niejasne <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"disappointed\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"disappointed\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\ude1e <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Rozczarowanie <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"inaccurate\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"inaccurate\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u274c <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Niedok\u0142adne <\/span><\/button><\/div><div id=\"reaction-message\" class=\"hidden mt-8 rounded-md border border-primary-100 bg-white\/50 backdrop-blur-sm px-4 py-2 text-sm text-center shadow-sm\"><\/div><\/section><div class=\"calcdash-ad not-prose calcdash-ad--calc_result calcdash-ad--in-article\"><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-1721569815777345\" data-ad-slot=\"6317458308\" data-ad-layout=\"in-article\" data-ad-format=\"fluid\"><\/ins><script>(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});<\/script><\/div>\n<style id=\"wpcoderpro-inline-1\">.formula-box {\r\n\tborder-bottom: none !important;\r\n}<\/style><section class=\"formula-box\" aria-labelledby=\"formula-title\">\r\n\t<div id=\"formula-title\" class=\"not-prose font-display mb-4\"><span class=\"icon icon-formula\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2>Energia fotonu<\/h2><\/div>\r\n\t<figure class=\"not-prose formula\">\r\n\t\t<figcaption class=\"formula-title\">Wz\u00f3r<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<div class=\"text-base text-gray-800\" id=\"formula\">\n\\[ E = h\\nu = \\frac{hc}{\\lambda} \\qquad \\nu = \\frac{c}{\\lambda} \\qquad E_{\\text{mol}} = E \\cdot N_A \\]\n<\/div>\r\n\t<\/figure>\r\n\t<\/p>\n<p><strong>gdzie:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\\(E\\) \u2014 energia pojedynczego fotonu (J)<\/li>\n<li>\\(h\\) \u2014 sta\u0142a Plancka, \\(6.62607015 \\times 10^{-34}\\) J\u00b7s (dok\u0142adna)<\/li>\n<li>\\(\\nu\\) \u2014 cz\u0119stotliwo\u015b\u0107 \u015bwiat\u0142a (Hz)<\/li>\n<li>\\(c\\) \u2014 pr\u0119dko\u015b\u0107 \u015bwiat\u0142a w pr\u00f3\u017cni, \\(2.99792458 \\times 10^{8}\\) m\/s (dok\u0142adna)<\/li>\n<li>\\(\\lambda\\) \u2014 d\u0142ugo\u015b\u0107 fali w pr\u00f3\u017cni (m)<\/li>\n<li>\\(N_A\\) \u2014 sta\u0142a Avogadra, \\(6.02214076 \\times 10^{23}\\) mol\u207b\u00b9 (dok\u0142adna)<\/li>\n<li>\\(E_{\\text{mol}}\\) \u2014 energia jednego mola foton\u00f3w, zwana tak\u017ce jednym einsteinem (J\/mol)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>To zwi\u0105zek Plancka: energia pojedynczego fotonu jest w ca\u0142o\u015bci wyznaczona przez cz\u0119stotliwo\u015b\u0107 (czyli r\u00f3wnowa\u017cnie przez d\u0142ugo\u015b\u0107 fali) \u015bwiat\u0142a, poniewa\u017c \\(\\lambda \\nu = c\\).<\/p>\n<p>\r\n<\/section>\n<style id=\"wpcoderpro-inline-2\">.calculation-box {\r\n\tborder-bottom: none !important;\r\n}<\/style><section id=\"calculation\" class=\"calculation-box\" aria-labelledby=\"calculation-title\">\r\n\t<div id=\"calculation-title\" class=\"not-prose font-display\"><span class=\"icon icon-unordered-list\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2>Energia fotonu \u2013 przyk\u0142ad obliczenia<\/h2><\/div>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>Przyk\u0142ad:<\/strong> zielone \u015bwiat\u0142o o d\u0142ugo\u015bci fali 500 nm (domy\u015blna warto\u015b\u0107 w kalkulatorze).<\/p>\n<p>\\[ \\lambda = 500\\ \\text{nm} = 5.00 \\times 10^{-7}\\ \\text{m} \\]<\/p>\n<p>\\[ \\nu = \\frac{c}{\\lambda} = \\frac{2.99792458 \\times 10^{8}}{5.00 \\times 10^{-7}} = 5.996 \\times 10^{14}\\ \\text{Hz} \\approx 599.6\\ \\text{THz} \\]<\/p>\n<p>\\[ E = h\\nu = 6.62607015 \\times 10^{-34} \\times 5.996 \\times 10^{14} = 3.973 \\times 10^{-19}\\ \\text{J} \\]<\/p>\n<p>\\[ E = \\frac{3.973 \\times 10^{-19}}{1.602176634 \\times 10^{-19}} \\approx 2.48\\ \\text{eV} \\qquad E_{\\text{mol}} = 3.973 \\times 10^{-19} \\times 6.02214076 \\times 10^{23} \\approx 239\\ \\text{kJ\/mol} \\]<\/p>\n<p><strong>Wynik:<\/strong> ka\u017cdy foton \u015bwiat\u0142a o d\u0142ugo\u015bci fali 500 nm niesie \\(3.973 \\times 10^{-19}\\) J \u2248 2,48 eV, a jeden mol takich foton\u00f3w \u2014 oko\u0142o 239 kJ. To okolice zielonej cz\u0119\u015bci widma widzialnego.<\/p>\n<p>\n\r\n<\/section>\n<h2>Jak korzysta\u0107 z kalkulatora<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>Na li\u015bcie rozwijanej <strong>Typ danych wej\u015bciowych<\/strong> wybierz <strong>D\u0142ugo\u015b\u0107 fali (\u03bb)<\/strong> lub <strong>Cz\u0119stotliwo\u015b\u0107 (\u03bd)<\/strong>, w zale\u017cno\u015bci od tego, kt\u00f3r\u0105 wielko\u015b\u0107 znasz.<\/li>\n<li>Je\u015bli wybra\u0142e\u015b d\u0142ugo\u015b\u0107 fali, wpisz warto\u015b\u0107 w pole <strong>D\u0142ugo\u015b\u0107 fali (\u03bb)<\/strong> i wybierz jednostk\u0119 (nm, \u00b5m, mm, cm lub m). Je\u015bli wybra\u0142e\u015b cz\u0119stotliwo\u015b\u0107, wpisz warto\u015b\u0107 w pole <strong>Cz\u0119stotliwo\u015b\u0107 (\u03bd)<\/strong> i wybierz jednostk\u0119 (Hz, kHz, MHz, GHz lub THz).<\/li>\n<li>Panel wynik\u00f3w pokazuje <strong>Energi\u0119 pojedynczego fotonu<\/strong> w d\u017culach i elektronowoltach, <strong>Energi\u0119 mola foton\u00f3w<\/strong> w kJ\/mol, a dodatkowo uzupe\u0142niaj\u0105c\u0105 d\u0142ugo\u015b\u0107 fali lub cz\u0119stotliwo\u015b\u0107 oraz liczb\u0119 falow\u0105 w cm\u207b\u00b9.<\/li>\n<li>Zajrzyj do panelu <strong>Szczeg\u00f3\u0142y oblicze\u0144<\/strong>, aby zobaczy\u0107 obliczenia krok po kroku, oraz do panelu <strong>O energii fotonu<\/strong>, w kt\u00f3rym znajdziesz informacje o zakresie widmowym i typowych warto\u015bciach odniesienia.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Czym jest energia fotonu?<\/h2>\n<p>\u015awiat\u0142o zachowuje si\u0119 jednocze\u015bnie jak fala i jak strumie\u0144 cz\u0105stek zwanych fotonami. Ka\u017cdy foton niesie male\u0144k\u0105, skwantowan\u0105 porcj\u0119 energii, kt\u00f3rej wielko\u015b\u0107 zale\u017cy wy\u0142\u0105cznie od cz\u0119stotliwo\u015bci \u015bwiat\u0142a: wy\u017csza cz\u0119stotliwo\u015b\u0107 (kr\u00f3tsza d\u0142ugo\u015b\u0107 fali) oznacza bardziej energetyczne fotony. Taka jest istota zwi\u0105zku Plancka \\(E = h\\nu\\) \u2014 r\u00f3wnania, kt\u00f3re w 1900 roku zapocz\u0105tkowa\u0142o fizyk\u0119 kwantow\u0105, a p\u00f3\u017aniej przynios\u0142o Einsteinowi Nagrod\u0119 Nobla za wyja\u015bnienie efektu fotoelektrycznego.<\/p>\n<p>Energia pojedynczego fotonu jest niezwykle ma\u0142a \u2014 dla \u015bwiat\u0142a widzialnego rz\u0119du \\(10^{-19}\\) J \u2014 dlatego zwykle podaje si\u0119 j\u0105 w <strong>elektronowoltach (eV)<\/strong>, gdzie 1 eV to energia, jak\u0105 uzyskuje elektron, przechodz\u0105c przez r\u00f3\u017cnic\u0119 potencja\u0142\u00f3w 1 wolta (\\(1\\ \\text{eV} = 1.602 \\times 10^{-19}\\) J). Fotony \u015bwiat\u0142a widzialnego maj\u0105 mniej wi\u0119cej od 1,6 eV (750 nm, czerwie\u0144) do 3,3 eV (380 nm, fiolet); fotony ultrafioletowe s\u0105 jeszcze bardziej energetyczne, a fotony promieniowania gamma osi\u0105gaj\u0105 miliony eV.<\/p>\n<p>W chemii i fotochemii cz\u0119sto bardziej przydatna okazuje si\u0119 <strong>energia mola foton\u00f3w<\/strong> (jeden einstein), poniewa\u017c pozwala wprost por\u00f3wnywa\u0107 energi\u0119 foton\u00f3w z energiami wi\u0105za\u0144 i energiami aktywacji w kJ\/mol. Na przyk\u0142ad \u015bwiat\u0142o UV o d\u0142ugo\u015bci fali 254 nm dostarcza oko\u0142o 471 kJ\/mol \u2014 wystarczaj\u0105co, aby rozerwa\u0107 wiele wi\u0105za\u0144 kowalencyjnych \u2014 podczas gdy czerwone \u015bwiat\u0142o 700 nm dostarcza zaledwie oko\u0142o 171 kJ\/mol, czyli mniej nawet ni\u017c najs\u0142absze pojedyncze wi\u0105zania O\u2013O. Dlatego to promieniowanie UV powoduje oparzenia s\u0142oneczne i fotodegradacj\u0119, a czerwone \u015bwiat\u0142o na og\u00f3\u0142 nie.<\/p>\n<p>Zwr\u00f3\u0107 uwag\u0119, \u017ce energia fotonu zale\u017cy wy\u0142\u0105cznie od barwy (d\u0142ugo\u015bci fali) \u015bwiat\u0142a, nigdy od jego jasno\u015bci. Intensywno\u015b\u0107 okre\u015bla, <em>ile<\/em> foton\u00f3w dociera na sekund\u0119; ka\u017cdy pojedynczy foton zawsze niesie dok\u0142adnie \\(h\\nu\\). Je\u015bli \u0142\u0105czysz energi\u0119 \u015bwiat\u0142a z energiami wi\u0105za\u0144, aby szacowa\u0107 entalpie reakcji, naturalnym uzupe\u0142nieniem tego narz\u0119dzia b\u0119dzie nasz <a href=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/chemia\/kalkulator-entalpii-reakcji-z-energii-wiazan\/\">kalkulator entalpii reakcji na podstawie energii wi\u0105za\u0144<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>Warto\u015bci odniesienia<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>D\u0142ugo\u015b\u0107 fali<\/th>\n<th>Zakres<\/th>\n<th>Energia (eV)<\/th>\n<th>Energia (kJ\/mol)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>200 nm<\/td>\n<td>daleki UV<\/td>\n<td>6,20<\/td>\n<td>598<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>254 nm<\/td>\n<td>UV (lampa rt\u0119ciowa)<\/td>\n<td>4,89<\/td>\n<td>471<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>350 nm<\/td>\n<td>bliski UV<\/td>\n<td>3,54<\/td>\n<td>342<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>450 nm<\/td>\n<td>widzialny (niebieski)<\/td>\n<td>2,76<\/td>\n<td>266<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>500 nm<\/td>\n<td>widzialny (zielony)<\/td>\n<td>2,48<\/td>\n<td>239<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>700 nm<\/td>\n<td>widzialny (skraj czerwieni)<\/td>\n<td>1,77<\/td>\n<td>171<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Za\u0142o\u017cenia i ograniczenia<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Obliczenia zak\u0142adaj\u0105, \u017ce \u015bwiat\u0142o rozchodzi si\u0119 w <strong>pr\u00f3\u017cni<\/strong>. Dla powietrza r\u00f3\u017cnica jest pomijalna \u2014 pr\u0119dko\u015b\u0107 \u015bwiat\u0142a w powietrzu jest tylko o oko\u0142o 0,03% mniejsza ni\u017c w pr\u00f3\u017cni, co zmienia przyporz\u0105dkowanie d\u0142ugo\u015bci fali do cz\u0119stotliwo\u015bci w spos\u00f3b niezauwa\u017calny w wi\u0119kszo\u015bci zastosowa\u0144.<\/li>\n<li>Sta\u0142e \\(h\\), \\(c\\) i \\(N_A\\) maj\u0105 dok\u0142adne warto\u015bci SI z 2019 roku, wi\u0119c jedynym \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142em niedok\u0142adno\u015bci s\u0105 same dane wej\u015bciowe.<\/li>\n<li>D\u0142ugo\u015b\u0107 fali i cz\u0119stotliwo\u015b\u0107 musz\u0105 odnosi\u0107 si\u0119 do tego samego o\u015brodka; po\u0142\u0105czenie d\u0142ugo\u015bci fali w pr\u00f3\u017cni z cz\u0119stotliwo\u015bci\u0105 w o\u015brodku wprowadzi\u0142oby b\u0142\u0105d r\u00f3wny wsp\u00f3\u0142czynnikowi za\u0142amania.<\/li>\n<li>Kalkulator traktuje \u015bwiat\u0142o jako pojedyncze fotony. Efekty takie jak absorpcja wielofotonowa (gdzie jednocze\u015bnie poch\u0142aniane s\u0105 dwa fotony o ni\u017cszej energii) to procesy nieliniowe, kt\u00f3rych prosty wz\u00f3r Plancka nie obejmuje.<\/li>\n<li>Por\u00f3wnuj\u0105c energi\u0119 foton\u00f3w z energiami wi\u0105za\u0144, pami\u0119taj, \u017ce foton musi dostarczy\u0107 <em>co najmniej<\/em> energi\u0119 dysocjacji wi\u0105zania w pojedynczym akcie absorpcji; nadwy\u017cka energii zamienia si\u0119 w energi\u0119 kinetyczn\u0105, ciep\u0142o lub fluorescencj\u0119.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Je\u015bli zajmujesz si\u0119 raczej falow\u0105 natur\u0105 \u015bwiat\u0142a \u2014 na przyk\u0142ad dyfrakcj\u0105 na kryszta\u0142ach \u2014 przyda Ci si\u0119 r\u00f3wnie\u017c nasz <a href=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/chemia\/kalkulator-prawa-bragga\/\">kalkulator prawa Bragga<\/a>, pozwalaj\u0105cy powi\u0105za\u0107 d\u0142ugo\u015b\u0107 fali z k\u0105tami dyfrakcji, albo <a href=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/chemistry\/standard-cell-potential-calculator\/\">kalkulator standardowego potencja\u0142u ogniwa<\/a>, gdy przeliczasz napi\u0119cia elektrochemiczne na energie elektron\u00f3w w eV.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Oblicz energi\u0119 fotonu na podstawie jego d\u0142ugo\u015bci fali lub cz\u0119stotliwo\u015bci. Wpisz dowoln\u0105 z tych wielko\u015bci, a otrzymasz energi\u0119 pojedynczego fotonu w d\u017culach i elektronowoltach, a tak\u017ce energi\u0119 mola foton\u00f3w w kJ\/mol.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3168,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[68],"class_list":["post-2637","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-chemia","tag-spektrofotometria"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2637","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3168"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2637"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2637\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2721,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2637\/revisions\/2721"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2637"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2637"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2637"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}