{"id":745,"date":"2026-10-04T11:04:46","date_gmt":"2026-10-04T10:04:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/fizyka\/kalkulator-gestosci-wzglednej\/"},"modified":"2026-10-04T11:04:46","modified_gmt":"2026-10-04T10:04:46","slug":"kalkulator-gestosci-wzglednej","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/fizyka\/kalkulator-gestosci-wzglednej\/","title":{"rendered":"Kalkulator g\u0119sto\u015bci wzgl\u0119dnej"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"not-prose calculator-box\" aria-labelledby=\"calculator-title\"><div class=\"flex items-baseline sm:items-center justify-between gap-2 sm:gap-3\"><div class=\"flex flex-col sm:flex-row sm:items-center gap-2\"><span class=\"icon icon-calculator text-primary-700! text-base! dark:text-primary-300!\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 id=\"calculator-title\" class=\"text-lg font-display font-bold\">Przelicz g\u0119sto\u015b\u0107 na g\u0119sto\u015b\u0107 wzgl\u0119dn\u0105<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"calcdash-favorite group\">\n  <button type=\"button\" class=\"favorite\" id=\"favorite\" data-favorite-id=\"745\" data-favorite-title=\"G\u0119sto\u015b\u0107 wzgl\u0119dna\" data-favorite-url=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/fizyka\/kalkulator-gestosci-wzglednej\/\" data-favorite-excerpt=\"Wpisz g\u0119sto\u015b\u0107 (albo mas\u0119 i obj\u0119to\u015b\u0107) i natychmiast otrzymaj g\u0119sto\u015b\u0107 wzgl\u0119dn\u0105 wzgl\u0119dem wody, wody morskiej, powietrza lub dowolnego odniesienia, a tak\u017ce g\u0119sto\u015b\u0107 przeliczon\u0105 na popularne jednostki.\" aria-label=\"Dodaj do ulubionych\" data-favorite-icon=\"icon icon-physic\">\n    <span class=\"icon icon-shape-star-empty\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n  <\/button>\n  <div class=\"calcdash-favorite__tip\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n   <span class=\"favorite-tooltip\" id=\"favorite-tooltip\"><\/span>\n  <\/div>\n  <span class=\"sr-only\" role=\"status\" id=\"favorite-status\"><\/span>\n<\/div><\/div><form action=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/fizyka\/kalkulator-gestosci-wzglednej\/\" method=\"POST\" class=\"calculator\" id=\"calculator-745\" data-post=\"745\"><fieldset class=\"fieldset-input is-1\"><legend class=\"sr-only\">Pola danych<\/legend><div class=\"field is-checkbox is-single\" id=\"input-1\"><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"field-1\" value=\"1\"\/><label for=\"field-1\">Wprowad\u017a mas\u0119 i obj\u0119to\u015b\u0107 zamiast g\u0119sto\u015bci<\/label><\/div><div class=\"field is-single has-term\" id=\"input-2\"><label for=\"field-2\">G\u0119sto\u015b\u0107 substancji (\u03c1)<\/label><div class=\"term\">\u03c1<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><div class=\"field-group\"><input type=\"text\" name=\"gsto_substancji_\" id=\"field-2\" aria-describedby=\"calc-info-2\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" placeholder=\"e.g. 2.7\" min=\"0\" value=\"2.7\"\/><div class=\"grid grid-cols-1\"><select id=\"field-3\" name=\"jednostka\" aria-label=\"Jednostka\"><option value=\"kgm3\">kg\/m\u00b3<\/option><option value=\"gcm3\" selected>g\/cm\u00b3<\/option><option value=\"gml\">g\/mL<\/option><option value=\"lbft3\">lb\/ft\u00b3<\/option><option value=\"lbgal\">lb\/US gal<\/option><\/select><svg class=\"pointer-events-none col-start-1 row-start-1 mr-2 size-5 self-center justify-self-end text-gray-500 sm:size-4\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-slot=\"icon\">\n              <path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4.22 6.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 8.94l2.72-2.72a.75.75 0 1 1 1.06 1.06l-3.25 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L4.22 7.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" \/>\n            <\/svg><\/div><\/div><small id=\"calc-info-2\">G\u0119sto\u015b\u0107 materia\u0142u por\u00f3wnywanego ze wzorcem. Aluminium \u2248 2,7 g\/cm\u00b3, woda \u2248 1 g\/cm\u00b3, z\u0142oto \u2248 19,3 g\/cm\u00b3.<\/small><\/div><div class=\"field is-single has-term\" id=\"input-3\" hidden><label for=\"field-4\">Masa (m)<\/label><div class=\"term\">m<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><div class=\"field-group\"><input type=\"text\" name=\"masa_m\" id=\"field-4\" aria-describedby=\"calc-info-4\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" placeholder=\"e.g. 540\" min=\"0\" value=\"540\"\/><div class=\"grid grid-cols-1\"><select id=\"field-5\" name=\"jednostka\" aria-label=\"Jednostka\"><option value=\"kg\">kg<\/option><option value=\"g\" selected>g<\/option><option value=\"lb\">lb<\/option><\/select><svg class=\"pointer-events-none col-start-1 row-start-1 mr-2 size-5 self-center justify-self-end text-gray-500 sm:size-4\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-slot=\"icon\">\n              <path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4.22 6.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 8.94l2.72-2.72a.75.75 0 1 1 1.06 1.06l-3.25 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L4.22 7.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" \/>\n            <\/svg><\/div><\/div><small id=\"calc-info-4\">Masa Twojej pr\u00f3bki.<\/small><\/div><div class=\"field is-single has-term\" id=\"input-4\" hidden><label for=\"field-6\">Obj\u0119to\u015b\u0107 (V)<\/label><div class=\"term\">V<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><div class=\"field-group\"><input type=\"text\" name=\"objto_v\" id=\"field-6\" aria-describedby=\"calc-info-6\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" placeholder=\"e.g. 200\" min=\"0\" value=\"200\"\/><div class=\"grid grid-cols-1\"><select id=\"field-7\" name=\"jednostka\" aria-label=\"Jednostka\"><option value=\"m3\">m\u00b3<\/option><option value=\"l\">L<\/option><option value=\"ml\" selected>mL<\/option><option value=\"ft3\">ft\u00b3<\/option><option value=\"gal\">US gal<\/option><\/select><svg class=\"pointer-events-none col-start-1 row-start-1 mr-2 size-5 self-center justify-self-end text-gray-500 sm:size-4\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-slot=\"icon\">\n              <path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4.22 6.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 8.94l2.72-2.72a.75.75 0 1 1 1.06 1.06l-3.25 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L4.22 7.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" \/>\n            <\/svg><\/div><\/div><small id=\"calc-info-6\">Obj\u0119to\u015b\u0107 tej samej pr\u00f3bki.<\/small><\/div><div class=\"field is-single\" id=\"input-5\"><label for=\"field-8\">Substancja odniesienia<\/label><div class=\"grid grid-cols-1\"><select id=\"field-8\" name=\"substancja_odniesienia\"><option value=\"w4\" selected>Woda w temperaturze 4 \u00b0C (1000 kg\/m\u00b3)<\/option><option value=\"w20\">Woda w temperaturze 20 \u00b0C (998,21 kg\/m\u00b3)<\/option><option value=\"sw\">Woda morska, \u015brednia (1025 kg\/m\u00b3)<\/option><option value=\"air\">Powietrze w temperaturze 20 \u00b0C, 1 atm (1,204 kg\/m\u00b3)<\/option><option value=\"custom\">W\u0142asna g\u0119sto\u015b\u0107 odniesienia<\/option><\/select><svg class=\"pointer-events-none col-start-1 row-start-1 mr-2 size-5 self-center justify-self-end text-gray-500 sm:size-4\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-slot=\"icon\">\n              <path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4.22 6.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 8.94l2.72-2.72a.75.75 0 1 1 1.06 1.06l-3.25 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L4.22 7.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" \/>\n            <\/svg><\/div><\/div><div class=\"field is-single has-term\" id=\"input-6\" hidden><label for=\"field-9\">G\u0119sto\u015b\u0107 odniesienia (\u03c1\u1d63)<\/label><div class=\"term\">\u03c1\u1d63<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><div class=\"field-group\"><input type=\"text\" name=\"gsto_odniesienia_\" id=\"field-9\" aria-describedby=\"calc-info-9\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" placeholder=\"e.g. 1000\" min=\"0\" value=\"1000\"\/><div class=\"grid grid-cols-1\"><select id=\"field-10\" name=\"jednostka\" aria-label=\"Jednostka\"><option value=\"kgm3\" selected>kg\/m\u00b3<\/option><option value=\"gcm3\">g\/cm\u00b3<\/option><option value=\"lbft3\">lb\/ft\u00b3<\/option><\/select><svg class=\"pointer-events-none col-start-1 row-start-1 mr-2 size-5 self-center justify-self-end text-gray-500 sm:size-4\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-slot=\"icon\">\n              <path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4.22 6.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 8.94l2.72-2.72a.75.75 0 1 1 1.06 1.06l-3.25 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L4.22 7.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" \/>\n            <\/svg><\/div><\/div><small id=\"calc-info-9\">G\u0119sto\u015b\u0107 Twojej substancji odniesienia.<\/small><\/div><\/fieldset><div class=\"buttons\"><button type=\"submit\" data-text=\"Przelicz ponownie\" id=\"calculate-button\" data-post=\"745\">Oblicz<\/button><button type=\"reset\">Wyczy\u015b\u0107<\/button><\/div><div class=\"field is-checkbox hidden!\" id=\"field-auto-calc\"><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"auto-calc\"><label for=\"auto-calc\">Obliczaj automatycznie<\/label><small>Po w\u0142\u0105czeniu wynik aktualizuje si\u0119 automatycznie po zmianie dowolnej warto\u015bci.<\/small><\/div><div class=\"fieldset-result is-hidden\" aria-labelledby=\"result-title\" aria-live=\"polite\" role=\"region\"> <h3 class=\"result-title bg-gradient-to-r from-primary-50 to-gray-50 dark:from-primary-900 dark:to-gray-800\" id=\"result-title\"><span class=\"icon icon-s-pulse\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span> Wyniki g\u0119sto\u015bci wzgl\u0119dnej<\/h3><div class=\"result-box\"><div class=\"field-result is-column\" id=\"output-1\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>G\u0119sto\u015b\u0107 wzgl\u0119dna (SG)<\/span><span class=\"result-term\">SG<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-1\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Kopiuj wynik\" aria-label=\"Kopiuj wynik\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"field-result is-column\" id=\"output-2\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>G\u0119sto\u015b\u0107 substancji<\/span><span class=\"result-term\">\u03c1<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-2\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Kopiuj wynik\" aria-label=\"Kopiuj wynik\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div><div class=\"result-actions\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-link\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M12.232 4.232a2.5 2.5 0 0 1 3.536 3.536l-1.225 1.224a.75.75 0 0 0 1.061 1.06l1.224-1.224a4 4 0 0 0-5.656-5.656l-3 3a4 4 0 0 0 .225 5.865.75.75 0 0 0 .977-1.138 2.5 2.5 0 0 1-.142-3.667l3-3Z\"\/><path d=\"M11.603 7.963a.75.75 0 0 0-.977 1.138 2.5 2.5 0 0 1 .142 3.667l-3 3a2.5 2.5 0 0 1-3.536-3.536l1.225-1.224a.75.75 0 0 0-1.061-1.06l-1.224 1.224a4 4 0 1 0 5.656 5.656l3-3a4 4 0 0 0-.225-5.865Z\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"copy-link__text\">Kopiuj link do tego obliczenia<\/span><\/button><span class=\"sr-only\" role=\"status\" id=\"copy-link-status\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><a href=\"#respond\" class=\"hidden transition-opacity duration-300 opacity-0 w-50 text-sm justify-center items-center gap-2 px-4 py-2 rounded bg-gray-200 text-gray-700 hover:bg-gray-300\" id=\"leave-comment\"><span class=\"icon icon-comments\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Zostaw komentarz<\/a><\/form><\/section><section id=\"calc-reactions\" class=\"not-prose hidden my-12 bg-gradient-to-r from-primary-50 to-gray-50 border border-indigo-100 rounded-xl px-6 py-4 shadow-sm\" data-post=\"745\" aria-live=\"polite\" aria-labelledby=\"calc-reactions-title\"><p id=\"calc-reactions-title\" class=\"text-sm text-gray-500 text-center mb-2\">Jak oceniasz ten wynik?<\/p><div role=\"group\" aria-labelledby=\"calc-reactions-title\" class=\"grid grid-cols-3 sm:flex sm:flex-row sm:justify-around gap-4 sm:items-center sm:flex-wrap\"><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"like\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"like\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\ude00 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Lubi\u0119 to <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"helpful\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"helpful\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\udca1 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Pomocne <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"confused\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"confused\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\ude15 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Niejasne <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"disappointed\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"disappointed\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\ude1e <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Rozczarowanie <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"inaccurate\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"inaccurate\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u274c <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Niedok\u0142adne <\/span><\/button><\/div><div id=\"reaction-message\" class=\"hidden mt-8 rounded-md border border-primary-100 bg-white\/50 backdrop-blur-sm px-4 py-2 text-sm text-center shadow-sm\"><\/div><\/section><div class=\"calcdash-ad not-prose calcdash-ad--calc_result calcdash-ad--in-article\"><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-1721569815777345\" data-ad-slot=\"6317458308\" data-ad-layout=\"in-article\" data-ad-format=\"fluid\"><\/ins><script>(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});<\/script><\/div>\n<style id=\"wpcoderpro-inline-1\">.formula-box {\r\n\tborder-bottom: none !important;\r\n}<\/style><section class=\"formula-box\" aria-labelledby=\"formula-title\">\r\n\t<div id=\"formula-title\" class=\"not-prose font-display mb-4\"><span class=\"icon icon-formula\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2>Wz\u00f3r na g\u0119sto\u015b\u0107 wzgl\u0119dn\u0105<\/h2><\/div>\r\n\t<figure class=\"not-prose formula\">\r\n\t\t<figcaption class=\"formula-title\">Wz\u00f3r<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<div class=\"text-base text-gray-800\" id=\"formula\">\n\\[ SG \\;=\\; \\frac{\\rho}{\\rho_r} \\]\n<\/div>\r\n\t<\/figure>\r\n\t<\/p>\n<p><strong>Gdzie:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\\(SG\\) \u2014 g\u0119sto\u015b\u0107 wzgl\u0119dna (wielko\u015b\u0107 bezwymiarowa)<\/li>\n<li>\\(\\rho\\) \u2014 g\u0119sto\u015b\u0107 substancji (kg\/m\u00b3)<\/li>\n<li>\\(\\rho_r\\) \u2014 g\u0119sto\u015b\u0107 substancji odniesienia (kg\/m\u00b3)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>G\u0119sto\u015b\u0107 wzgl\u0119dna to stosunek g\u0119sto\u015bci substancji do g\u0119sto\u015bci materia\u0142u odniesienia. Poniewa\u017c jest to stosunek dw\u00f3ch g\u0119sto\u015bci, wynik jest liczb\u0105 bezwymiarow\u0105, pozbawion\u0105 jednostek. Dla cieczy i cia\u0142 sta\u0142ych odniesieniem jest zwykle czysta woda; dla gaz\u00f3w \u2014 powietrze.<\/p>\n<p>Je\u015bli znasz tylko mas\u0119 \\(m\\) i obj\u0119to\u015b\u0107 \\(V\\) pr\u00f3bki, najpierw wyznacza si\u0119 jej g\u0119sto\u015b\u0107:<\/p>\n<p>\\[ \\rho \\;=\\; \\frac{m}{V} \\]<br \/>\n{\/wp_code}<\/p>\n<p><style id=\"wpcoderpro-inline-2\">.calculation-box {\r\n\tborder-bottom: none !important;\r\n}<\/style><section id=\"calculation\" class=\"calculation-box\" aria-labelledby=\"calculation-title\">\r\n\t<div id=\"calculation-title\" class=\"not-prose font-display\"><span class=\"icon icon-unordered-list\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2>G\u0119sto\u015b\u0107 wzgl\u0119dna \u2013 przyk\u0142ad obliczenia<\/h2><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/section><\/p>\n<p><strong>Przyk\u0142ad:<\/strong> kawa\u0142ek aluminium ma g\u0119sto\u015b\u0107 \\(\\rho = 2.7\\ \\text{g\/cm}^3 = 2700\\ \\text{kg\/m}^3\\). Oblicz jego g\u0119sto\u015b\u0107 wzgl\u0119dn\u0105 wzgl\u0119dem czystej wody w 4 \u00b0C (\\(\\rho_r = 1000\\ \\text{kg\/m}^3\\)).<\/p>\n<p>\\[ SG \\;=\\; \\frac{\\rho}{\\rho_r} \\;=\\; \\frac{2700\\ \\text{kg\/m}^3}{1000\\ \\text{kg\/m}^3} \\;=\\; 2.7 \\]<\/p>\n<p><strong>Wynik:<\/strong> g\u0119sto\u015b\u0107 wzgl\u0119dna aluminium wynosi <strong>2,7<\/strong>. Poniewa\u017c g\u0119sto\u015b\u0107 wody to \\(1\\ \\text{g\/cm}^3\\), warto\u015b\u0107 liczbowa w g\/cm\u00b3 jest taka sama \u2014 przydatny skr\u00f3t dla cia\u0142 sta\u0142ych i cieczy odniesionych do wody.<\/p>\n<p>\r\n<\/section>\n<h2>Jak korzysta\u0107 z kalkulatora<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>Zdecyduj, jak opiszesz swoj\u0105 substancj\u0119. Je\u015bli znasz jej g\u0119sto\u015b\u0107, pozostaw pole wyboru <em>\u201eWprowad\u017a mas\u0119 i obj\u0119to\u015b\u0107 zamiast g\u0119sto\u015bci\u201d<\/em> niezaznaczone i wpisz warto\u015b\u0107 w polu <strong>G\u0119sto\u015b\u0107 substancji (\u03c1)<\/strong>, a nast\u0119pnie wybierz jednostk\u0119 (kg\/m\u00b3, g\/cm\u00b3, g\/mL, lb\/ft\u00b3 lub lb\/gal US).<\/li>\n<li>Je\u015bli nie znasz g\u0119sto\u015bci, zaznacz pole wyboru i wpisz <strong>Mas\u0119 (m)<\/strong> oraz <strong>Obj\u0119to\u015b\u0107 (V)<\/strong> pr\u00f3bki wraz z jednostkami \u2014 kalkulator obliczy za Ciebie \\(\\rho = m\/V\\).<\/li>\n<li>Wybierz <strong>Substancj\u0119 odniesienia<\/strong>: wod\u0119 w 4 \u00b0C, wod\u0119 w 20 \u00b0C, \u015bredni\u0105 wod\u0119 morsk\u0105, powietrze w 20 \u00b0C lub odniesienie w\u0142asne.<\/li>\n<li>Je\u015bli wybierzesz <em>W\u0142asna g\u0119sto\u015b\u0107 odniesienia<\/em>, wpisz jej warto\u015b\u0107 i jednostk\u0119 w pojawiaj\u0105cym si\u0119 polu <strong>G\u0119sto\u015b\u0107 odniesienia (\u03c1\u1d63)<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Odczytaj wyniki: blok <strong>G\u0119sto\u015b\u0107 wzgl\u0119dna (SG)<\/strong> pokazuje stosunek, obie g\u0119sto\u015bci i interpretacj\u0119 (tonie, p\u0142ywa, unosi si\u0119); blok <strong>G\u0119sto\u015b\u0107 substancji<\/strong> przelicza g\u0119sto\u015b\u0107 na kg\/m\u00b3, g\/cm\u00b3, lb\/ft\u00b3, lb\/gal US oraz mas\u0119 jednego litra.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Czym jest g\u0119sto\u015b\u0107 wzgl\u0119dna?<\/h2>\n<p>G\u0119sto\u015b\u0107 wzgl\u0119dna (SG), nazywana w angielskiej literaturze tak\u017ce relative density, por\u00f3wnuje, jak g\u0119sta jest substancja w stosunku do materia\u0142u odniesienia. Odpowiada na proste pytanie: \u201eIle razy substancja ta jest g\u0119stsza (lub l\u017cejsza) od substancji odniesienia?\u201d. Poniewa\u017c przy dzieleniu jednostki si\u0119 skracaj\u0105, g\u0119sto\u015b\u0107 wzgl\u0119dna jest liczb\u0105 bezwymiarow\u0105 \u2014 element aluminiowy o SG = 2,7 jest dok\u0142adnie 2,7 raza g\u0119stszy od wody, niezale\u017cnie od u\u017cytego uk\u0142adu jednostek.<\/p>\n<p>Dla cia\u0142 sta\u0142ych i cieczy odniesieniem jest niemal zawsze czysta woda. Przy wodzie w 4 \u00b0C (g\u0119sto\u015b\u0107 dok\u0142adnie \\(1000\\ \\text{kg\/m}^3\\)) g\u0119sto\u015b\u0107 wzgl\u0119dna jest liczbowo r\u00f3wna g\u0119sto\u015bci w g\/cm\u00b3, co czyni przeliczenia bezproblemowymi: ciecz o SG = 0,8 ma g\u0119sto\u015b\u0107 \\(800\\ \\text{kg\/m}^3\\). Dla gaz\u00f3w odniesieniem jest zwykle powietrze w 20 \u00b0C i pod ci\u015bnieniem 1 atm (oko\u0142o \\(1.2\\ \\text{kg\/m}^3\\)), a otrzymana warto\u015b\u0107 s\u0142u\u017cy w ocenach bezpiecze\u0144stwa \u2014 na przyk\u0142ad do przewidywania, czy ulatniaj\u0105cy si\u0119 gaz b\u0119dzie si\u0119 unosi\u0142, czy gromadzi\u0142 przy pod\u0142odze.<\/p>\n<p>Warto\u015b\u0107 ta m\u00f3wi te\u017c co\u015b o wyporze. Substancja o SG &gt; 1 tonie w wodzie; SG &lt; 1 \u2014 p\u0142ywa; przy SG = 1 substancja jest oboj\u0119tna wzgl\u0119dem wyporu. L\u00f3d (SG \u2248 0,92) p\u0142ywa z oko\u0142o 8 % obj\u0119to\u015bci ponad lini\u0105 wodn\u0105, podczas gdy stal (SG \u2248 7,8) tonie \u2014 to zreszt\u0105 w\u0142a\u015bnie dlatego statek stalowy p\u0142ywa: jego <em>\u015brednia<\/em> g\u0119sto\u015b\u0107, kad\u0142ub w\u0142\u0105cznie, jest znacznie ni\u017csza ni\u017c 1, gdy doliczy si\u0119 powietrze wewn\u0105trz.<\/p>\n<h2>Tabela g\u0119sto\u015bci<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Substancja<\/th>\n<th>G\u0119sto\u015b\u0107 (kg\/m\u00b3)<\/th>\n<th>SG wzgl\u0119dem wody w 4 \u00b0C<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Z\u0142oto<\/td>\n<td>19 300<\/td>\n<td>19,3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>O\u0142\u00f3w<\/td>\n<td>11 340<\/td>\n<td>11,34<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Stal<\/td>\n<td>7 850<\/td>\n<td>7,85<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Aluminium<\/td>\n<td>2 700<\/td>\n<td>2,7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Woda morska (\u015brednia)<\/td>\n<td>1 025<\/td>\n<td>1,025<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Czysta woda w 4 \u00b0C<\/td>\n<td>1 000<\/td>\n<td>1,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>L\u00f3d<\/td>\n<td>917<\/td>\n<td>0,917<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Etanol<\/td>\n<td>789<\/td>\n<td>0,789<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Olej oliwny<\/td>\n<td>\u2248 910<\/td>\n<td>\u2248 0,91<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Powietrze w 20 \u00b0C, 1 atm<\/td>\n<td>1,204<\/td>\n<td>0,0012<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Za\u0142o\u017cenia, ograniczenia i wskaz\u00f3wki<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Temperatura ma znaczenie.<\/strong> G\u0119sto\u015b\u0107 zmienia si\u0119 wraz z temperatur\u0105, dlatego dok\u0142adna g\u0119sto\u015b\u0107 wzgl\u0119dna ma sens tylko wraz z podaniem temperatury. Woda maleje z \\(1000\\ \\text{kg\/m}^3\\) w 4 \u00b0C do oko\u0142o \\(998.2\\ \\text{kg\/m}^3\\) w 20 \u00b0C \u2014 r\u00f3\u017cnica 0,2 %. Z tego w\u0142a\u015bnie powodu kalkulator oferuje oba odniesienia wodne.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zak\u0142ada si\u0119, \u017ce substancja jest jednorodna.<\/strong> Obliczenie traktuje materia\u0142 jako jednorodny. Mieszaniny, zawiesiny i cia\u0142a porowate maj\u0105 g\u0119sto\u015b\u0107 efektywn\u0105, kt\u00f3ra mo\u017ce r\u00f3\u017cni\u0107 si\u0119 od g\u0119sto\u015bci kt\u00f3regokolwiek pojedynczego sk\u0142adnika.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Masa i obj\u0119to\u015b\u0107 musz\u0105 dotyczy\u0107 tej samej pr\u00f3bki.<\/strong> W trybie masa\/obj\u0119to\u015b\u0107 upewnij si\u0119, \u017ce obie warto\u015bci odnosz\u0105 si\u0119 do tego samego obiektu, zmierzonego w tej samej temperaturze.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Areometry i praktyka laboratoryjna.<\/strong> Przyrz\u0105dy przemys\u0142owe (areometry, piknometry, cyfrowe g\u0119sto\u015bciomierze) rutynowo podaj\u0105 g\u0119sto\u015b\u0107 wzgl\u0119dn\u0105; ten kalkulator to szybki spos\u00f3b na sprawdzenie takich odczyt\u00f3w lub przeliczenie ich mi\u0119dzy uk\u0142adami jednostek.<\/li>\n<li>G\u0119sto\u015b\u0107 wzgl\u0119dna to jedna z podstawowych w\u0142a\u015bciwo\u015bci materia\u0142\u00f3w wykorzystywanych w ca\u0142ej fizyce \u2014 od wyporu i statyki p\u0142yn\u00f3w po zagadnienia dotycz\u0105ce energii i ruchu. Z powi\u0105zanych temat\u00f3w zobacz nasz <a href=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/fizyka\/kalkulator-zachowania-energii\/\">kalkulator zasady zachowania energii<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/fizyka\/kalkulator-sily-dosrodkowej\/\">kalkulator si\u0142y do\u015brodkowej<\/a> oraz <a href=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/fizyka\/kalkulator-zderzenia-sprezystego-1d\/\">kalkulator zderzenia spr\u0119\u017cystego (1D)<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Wpisz g\u0119sto\u015b\u0107 (albo mas\u0119 i obj\u0119to\u015b\u0107) i natychmiast otrzymaj g\u0119sto\u015b\u0107 wzgl\u0119dn\u0105 wzgl\u0119dem wody, wody morskiej, powietrza lub dowolnego odniesienia, a tak\u017ce g\u0119sto\u015b\u0107 przeliczon\u0105 na popularne jednostki.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3168,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[54],"class_list":["post-745","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fizyka","tag-mechanika"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/745","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3168"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=745"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/745\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1659,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/745\/revisions\/1659"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=745"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=745"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=745"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}