{"id":2040,"date":"2026-10-14T06:54:00","date_gmt":"2026-10-14T05:54:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pt\/fisica\/calculadora-de-processo-adiabatico\/"},"modified":"2026-10-14T06:54:00","modified_gmt":"2026-10-14T05:54:00","slug":"calculadora-de-processo-adiabatico","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pt\/fisica\/calculadora-de-processo-adiabatico\/","title":{"rendered":"Calculadora de processo adiab\u00e1tico"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"not-prose calculator-box\" aria-labelledby=\"calculator-title\"><div class=\"flex items-baseline sm:items-center justify-between gap-2 sm:gap-3\"><div class=\"flex flex-col sm:flex-row sm:items-center gap-2\"><span class=\"icon icon-calculator text-primary-700! text-base! dark:text-primary-300!\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 id=\"calculator-title\" class=\"text-lg font-display font-bold\">Calcule o estado final de um g\u00e1s ideal ap\u00f3s uma compress\u00e3o ou expans\u00e3o adiab\u00e1tica<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"calcdash-favorite group\">\n  <button type=\"button\" class=\"favorite\" id=\"favorite\" data-favorite-id=\"2040\" data-favorite-title=\"Processo adiab\u00e1tico\" data-favorite-url=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pt\/fisica\/calculadora-de-processo-adiabatico\/\" data-favorite-excerpt=\"Calcule a press\u00e3o, o volume e a temperatura finais de um g\u00e1s ideal ap\u00f3s uma compress\u00e3o ou expans\u00e3o adiab\u00e1tica revers\u00edvel (isentropica). Informe o estado inicial, uma grandeza final e a raz\u00e3o de capacidades t\u00e9rmicas \u03b3.\" aria-label=\"Adicionar aos favoritos\" data-favorite-icon=\"icon icon-physic\">\n    <span class=\"icon icon-shape-star-empty\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n  <\/button>\n  <div class=\"calcdash-favorite__tip\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n   <span class=\"favorite-tooltip\" id=\"favorite-tooltip\"><\/span>\n  <\/div>\n  <span class=\"sr-only\" role=\"status\" id=\"favorite-status\"><\/span>\n<\/div><\/div><form action=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pt\/fisica\/calculadora-de-processo-adiabatico\/\" method=\"POST\" class=\"calculator\" id=\"calculator-2040\" data-post=\"2040\"><fieldset class=\"fieldset-input is-1\"><legend class=\"sr-only\">Campos de entrada<\/legend><div class=\"field\" id=\"input-1\"><label for=\"field-1\">Sei o valor final de<\/label><div class=\"grid grid-cols-1\"><select id=\"field-1\" name=\"sei_o_valor_final_de\"><option value=\"v2\" selected>Volume final (calcular a press\u00e3o final)<\/option><option value=\"p2\">Press\u00e3o final (calcular o volume final)<\/option><\/select><svg class=\"pointer-events-none col-start-1 row-start-1 mr-2 size-5 self-center justify-self-end text-gray-500 sm:size-4\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-slot=\"icon\">\n              <path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4.22 6.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 8.94l2.72-2.72a.75.75 0 1 1 1.06 1.06l-3.25 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L4.22 7.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" \/>\n            <\/svg><\/div><\/div><div class=\"is-single field\" id=\"input-2\"><span class=\"font-semibold\">Estado inicial<\/span><\/div><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-3\"><label for=\"field-3\">Press\u00e3o inicial (P\u2081)<\/label><div class=\"term\">P\u2081<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><div class=\"field-group\"><input type=\"text\" name=\"presso_inicial_p\" id=\"field-3\" aria-describedby=\"calc-info-3\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" placeholder=\"e.g. 100\" min=\"0\" value=\"100\"\/><div class=\"grid grid-cols-1\"><select id=\"field-4\" name=\"unidade\" aria-label=\"Unidade\"><option value=\"kpa\" selected>kPa<\/option><option value=\"bar\">bar<\/option><option value=\"atm\">atm<\/option><option value=\"psi\">psi<\/option><option value=\"mmhg\">mmHg<\/option><\/select><svg class=\"pointer-events-none col-start-1 row-start-1 mr-2 size-5 self-center justify-self-end text-gray-500 sm:size-4\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-slot=\"icon\">\n              <path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4.22 6.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 8.94l2.72-2.72a.75.75 0 1 1 1.06 1.06l-3.25 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L4.22 7.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" \/>\n            <\/svg><\/div><\/div><small id=\"calc-info-3\">Press\u00e3o no in\u00edcio do processo. Uma atmosfera \u2248 101,3 kPa.<\/small><\/div><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-4\"><label for=\"field-5\">Volume inicial (V\u2081)<\/label><div class=\"term\">V\u2081<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><div class=\"field-group\"><input type=\"text\" name=\"volume_inicial_v\" id=\"field-5\" aria-describedby=\"calc-info-5\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" placeholder=\"e.g. 1\" min=\"0\" value=\"1\"\/><div class=\"grid grid-cols-1\"><select id=\"field-6\" name=\"unidade\" aria-label=\"Unidade\"><option value=\"m3\" selected>m\u00b3<\/option><option value=\"l\">L<\/option><option value=\"cm3\">cm\u00b3<\/option><option value=\"ft3\">ft\u00b3<\/option><option value=\"in3\">in\u00b3<\/option><\/select><svg class=\"pointer-events-none col-start-1 row-start-1 mr-2 size-5 self-center justify-self-end text-gray-500 sm:size-4\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-slot=\"icon\">\n              <path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4.22 6.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 8.94l2.72-2.72a.75.75 0 1 1 1.06 1.06l-3.25 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L4.22 7.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" \/>\n            <\/svg><\/div><\/div><small id=\"calc-info-5\">Volume do g\u00e1s no in\u00edcio do processo.<\/small><\/div><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-5\"><label for=\"field-7\">Temperatura inicial (T\u2081)<\/label><div class=\"term\">T\u2081<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><div class=\"field-group\"><input type=\"text\" name=\"temperatura_inicial_t\" id=\"field-7\" aria-describedby=\"calc-info-7\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" placeholder=\"e.g. 300\" min=\"0\" value=\"300\"\/><div class=\"grid grid-cols-1\"><select id=\"field-8\" name=\"unidade\" aria-label=\"Unidade\"><option value=\"k\" selected>K<\/option><option value=\"c\">\u00b0C<\/option><option value=\"f\">\u00b0F<\/option><\/select><svg class=\"pointer-events-none col-start-1 row-start-1 mr-2 size-5 self-center justify-self-end text-gray-500 sm:size-4\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-slot=\"icon\">\n              <path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4.22 6.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 8.94l2.72-2.72a.75.75 0 1 1 1.06 1.06l-3.25 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L4.22 7.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" \/>\n            <\/svg><\/div><\/div><small id=\"calc-info-7\">Temperatura no in\u00edcio. Temperatura ambiente \u2248 293 K (20 \u00b0C).<\/small><\/div><div class=\"is-single field\" id=\"input-6\"><span class=\"font-semibold\">Estado final<\/span><\/div><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-7\" hidden><label for=\"field-10\">Volume final (V\u2082)<\/label><div class=\"term\">V\u2082<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><div class=\"field-group\"><input type=\"text\" name=\"volume_final_v\" id=\"field-10\" aria-describedby=\"calc-info-10\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" placeholder=\"e.g. 0.5\" min=\"0\" value=\"0.5\"\/><div class=\"grid grid-cols-1\"><select id=\"field-11\" name=\"unidade\" aria-label=\"Unidade\"><option value=\"m3\" selected>m\u00b3<\/option><option value=\"l\">L<\/option><option value=\"cm3\">cm\u00b3<\/option><option value=\"ft3\">ft\u00b3<\/option><option value=\"in3\">in\u00b3<\/option><\/select><svg class=\"pointer-events-none col-start-1 row-start-1 mr-2 size-5 self-center justify-self-end text-gray-500 sm:size-4\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-slot=\"icon\">\n              <path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4.22 6.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 8.94l2.72-2.72a.75.75 0 1 1 1.06 1.06l-3.25 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L4.22 7.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" \/>\n            <\/svg><\/div><\/div><small id=\"calc-info-10\">Volume ao final do processo. Um valor menor que V\u2081 indica compress\u00e3o; maior, expans\u00e3o.<\/small><\/div><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-8\" hidden><label for=\"field-12\">Press\u00e3o final (P\u2082)<\/label><div class=\"term\">P\u2082<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><div class=\"field-group\"><input type=\"text\" name=\"presso_final_p\" id=\"field-12\" aria-describedby=\"calc-info-12\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" placeholder=\"e.g. 200\" min=\"0\" value=\"200\"\/><div class=\"grid grid-cols-1\"><select id=\"field-13\" name=\"unidade\" aria-label=\"Unidade\"><option value=\"kpa\" selected>kPa<\/option><option value=\"bar\">bar<\/option><option value=\"atm\">atm<\/option><option value=\"psi\">psi<\/option><option value=\"mmhg\">mmHg<\/option><\/select><svg class=\"pointer-events-none col-start-1 row-start-1 mr-2 size-5 self-center justify-self-end text-gray-500 sm:size-4\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-slot=\"icon\">\n              <path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4.22 6.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 8.94l2.72-2.72a.75.75 0 1 1 1.06 1.06l-3.25 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L4.22 7.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" \/>\n            <\/svg><\/div><\/div><small id=\"calc-info-12\">Press\u00e3o ao final do processo. Um valor maior que P\u2081 indica compress\u00e3o; menor, expans\u00e3o.<\/small><\/div><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-9\"><label for=\"field-14\">Raz\u00e3o dos calores espec\u00edficos (\u03b3)<\/label><div class=\"term\">\u03b3<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><input type=\"text\" name=\"razo_dos_calores_especficos_\" id=\"field-14\" aria-describedby=\"calc-info-14\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" placeholder=\"e.g. 1.4\" min=\"1\" value=\"1.4\"\/><small id=\"calc-info-14\">\u03b3 = c\u1d58\/c\u1d5b. G\u00e1s monoat\u00f4mico \u2248 1,67, g\u00e1s diat\u00f4mico (ar, N\u2082, O\u2082) \u2248 1,40, poliat\u00f4mico (CO\u2082) \u2248 1,29.<\/small><\/div><\/fieldset><div class=\"buttons\"><button type=\"submit\" data-text=\"Recalcular\" id=\"calculate-button\" data-post=\"2040\">Calcular<\/button><button type=\"reset\">Redefinir<\/button><\/div><div class=\"field is-checkbox hidden!\" id=\"field-auto-calc\"><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"auto-calc\"><label for=\"auto-calc\">Calcular automaticamente<\/label><small>Se ativado, o resultado \u00e9 atualizado automaticamente quando voc\u00ea altera qualquer valor.<\/small><\/div><div class=\"fieldset-result is-hidden\" aria-labelledby=\"result-title\" aria-live=\"polite\" role=\"region\"> <h3 class=\"result-title bg-gradient-to-r from-primary-50 to-gray-50 dark:from-primary-900 dark:to-gray-800\" id=\"result-title\"><span class=\"icon icon-s-pulse\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span> Resultados do processo adiab\u00e1tico<\/h3><div class=\"result-box\"><div class=\"field-result is-column\" id=\"output-1\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Press\u00e3o final (P\u2082)<\/span><span class=\"result-term\">P\u2082<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-1\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Copiar resultado\" aria-label=\"Copiar resultado\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"field-result is-column\" id=\"output-2\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Volume final (V\u2082)<\/span><span class=\"result-term\">V\u2082<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-2\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Copiar resultado\" aria-label=\"Copiar resultado\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"field-result is-column\" id=\"output-3\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Temperatura final (T\u2082)<\/span><span class=\"result-term\">T\u2082<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-3\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Copiar resultado\" aria-label=\"Copiar resultado\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"field-result is-column\" id=\"output-4\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Trabalho realizado e detalhes<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-4\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Copiar resultado\" aria-label=\"Copiar resultado\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div><div class=\"result-actions\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-link\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M12.232 4.232a2.5 2.5 0 0 1 3.536 3.536l-1.225 1.224a.75.75 0 0 0 1.061 1.06l1.224-1.224a4 4 0 0 0-5.656-5.656l-3 3a4 4 0 0 0 .225 5.865.75.75 0 0 0 .977-1.138 2.5 2.5 0 0 1-.142-3.667l3-3Z\"\/><path d=\"M11.603 7.963a.75.75 0 0 0-.977 1.138 2.5 2.5 0 0 1 .142 3.667l-3 3a2.5 2.5 0 0 1-3.536-3.536l1.225-1.224a.75.75 0 0 0-1.061-1.06l-1.224 1.224a4 4 0 1 0 5.656 5.656l3-3a4 4 0 0 0-.225-5.865Z\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"copy-link__text\">Copiar link para este c\u00e1lculo<\/span><\/button><span class=\"sr-only\" role=\"status\" id=\"copy-link-status\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><a href=\"#respond\" class=\"hidden transition-opacity duration-300 opacity-0 w-50 text-sm justify-center items-center gap-2 px-4 py-2 rounded bg-gray-200 text-gray-700 hover:bg-gray-300\" id=\"leave-comment\"><span class=\"icon icon-comments\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Deixar um coment\u00e1rio<\/a><\/form><\/section><section id=\"calc-reactions\" class=\"not-prose hidden my-12 bg-gradient-to-r from-primary-50 to-gray-50 border border-indigo-100 rounded-xl px-6 py-4 shadow-sm\" data-post=\"2040\" aria-live=\"polite\" aria-labelledby=\"calc-reactions-title\"><p id=\"calc-reactions-title\" class=\"text-sm text-gray-500 text-center mb-2\">O que voc\u00ea achou deste resultado?<\/p><div role=\"group\" aria-labelledby=\"calc-reactions-title\" class=\"grid grid-cols-3 sm:flex sm:flex-row sm:justify-around gap-4 sm:items-center sm:flex-wrap\"><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"like\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"like\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\ude00 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Curti <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"helpful\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"helpful\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\udca1 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">\u00datil <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"confused\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"confused\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\ude15 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Confuso <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"disappointed\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"disappointed\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\ude1e <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Decepcionado <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"inaccurate\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"inaccurate\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u274c <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Impreciso <\/span><\/button><\/div><div id=\"reaction-message\" class=\"hidden mt-8 rounded-md border border-primary-100 bg-white\/50 backdrop-blur-sm px-4 py-2 text-sm text-center shadow-sm\"><\/div><\/section><div class=\"calcdash-ad not-prose calcdash-ad--calc_result calcdash-ad--in-article\"><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-1721569815777345\" data-ad-slot=\"6317458308\" data-ad-layout=\"in-article\" data-ad-format=\"fluid\"><\/ins><script>(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});<\/script><\/div>\n<style id=\"wpcoderpro-inline-1\">.formula-box {\r\n\tborder-bottom: none !important;\r\n}<\/style><section class=\"formula-box\" aria-labelledby=\"formula-title\">\r\n\t<div id=\"formula-title\" class=\"not-prose font-display mb-4\"><span class=\"icon icon-formula\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2>Processo adiab\u00e1tico<\/h2><\/div>\r\n\t<figure class=\"not-prose formula\">\r\n\t\t<figcaption class=\"formula-title\">F\u00f3rmula<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<div class=\"text-base text-gray-800\" id=\"formula\">\n\\[ P_1 V_1^{\\gamma} = P_2 V_2^{\\gamma} \\qquad T_1 V_1^{\\gamma-1} = T_2 V_2^{\\gamma-1} \\qquad W = \\frac{P_1 V_1 - P_2 V_2}{\\gamma - 1} \\]\n<\/div>\r\n\t<\/figure>\r\n\t<\/p>\n<p><strong>Onde:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\\(P_1, V_1, T_1\\) \u2014 press\u00e3o, volume e temperatura absoluta iniciais do g\u00e1s<\/li>\n<li>\\(P_2, V_2, T_2\\) \u2014 press\u00e3o, volume e temperatura absoluta finais<\/li>\n<li>\\(\\gamma = c_p \/ c_v\\) \u2014 raz\u00e3o de capacidades t\u00e9rmicas do g\u00e1s (1,67 para gases monoat\u00f4micos, 1,40 para gases diat\u00f4micos como o ar)<\/li>\n<li>\\(W\\) \u2014 trabalho realizado <em>pelo<\/em> g\u00e1s durante o processo (J)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Essas rela\u00e7\u00f5es descrevem um processo adiab\u00e1tico revers\u00edvel (isentropico) de um g\u00e1s ideal: como n\u00e3o h\u00e1 troca de calor com o ambiente, press\u00e3o, volume e temperatura ficam ligados pela constante \\(P V^{\\gamma}\\), e o termo de trabalho decorre da primeira lei da termodin\u00e2mica com \\(Q = 0\\), logo \\(\\Delta U = -W\\).<\/p>\n<p>\r\n<\/section>\n<style id=\"wpcoderpro-inline-2\">.calculation-box {\r\n\tborder-bottom: none !important;\r\n}<\/style><section id=\"calculation\" class=\"calculation-box\" aria-labelledby=\"calculation-title\">\r\n\t<div id=\"calculation-title\" class=\"not-prose font-display\"><span class=\"icon icon-unordered-list\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2>Processo adiab\u00e1tico \u2013 Exemplo de c\u00e1lculo<\/h2><\/div>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>Exemplo:<\/strong> 1 m\u00b3 de ar a 100 kPa e 300 K \u00e9 comprimido adiabaticamente at\u00e9 a metade do volume original. Para o ar, \u03b3 = 1,4.<\/p>\n<p>\\[ P_2 = P_1 \\left( \\frac{V_1}{V_2} \\right)^{\\gamma} = 100\\,\\text{kPa} \\times 2^{1.4} \\approx 263.9\\,\\text{kPa} \\]<\/p>\n<p>\\[ T_2 = T_1 \\left( \\frac{V_1}{V_2} \\right)^{\\gamma-1} = 300\\,\\text{K} \\times 2^{0.4} \\approx 395.85\\,\\text{K} \\; (\\approx 122.7\\,\\text{\u00b0C}) \\]<\/p>\n<p>\\[ W = \\frac{P_1 V_1 - P_2 V_2}{\\gamma - 1} = \\frac{100\\,000 \\times 1 - 263\\,902 \\times 0.5}{0.4} \\approx -79\\,877\\,\\text{J} \\]<\/p>\n<p><strong>Resultado:<\/strong> a press\u00e3o final \u00e9 \u2248 263,9 kPa (\u2248 2,60 atm), a temperatura final \u00e9 \u2248 395,85 K (\u2248 122,7 \u00b0C) e cerca de 79,9 kJ de trabalho \u00e9 realizado <em>sobre<\/em> o g\u00e1s \u2014 \u00e9 por isso que ele aquece.<\/p>\n<p>\n\r\n<\/section>\n<h2>Como usar a calculadora<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>No menu suspenso <strong>\u201cEu sei o valor final\u201d<\/strong>, escolha se voc\u00ea tem o volume final (e quer a press\u00e3o final) ou a press\u00e3o final (e quer o volume final).<\/li>\n<li>Informe a <strong>Press\u00e3o inicial (P\u2081)<\/strong>, o <strong>Volume inicial (V\u2081)<\/strong> e a <strong>Temperatura inicial (T\u2081)<\/strong>, selecionando a unidade de cada campo (kPa, bar, atm, psi, mmHg; m\u00b3, L, cm\u00b3, ft\u00b3, in\u00b3; K, \u00b0C, \u00b0F). Todos os valores s\u00e3o convertidos automaticamente para unidades do SI.<\/li>\n<li>Informe a grandeza final conhecida: o <strong>Volume final (V\u2082)<\/strong> ou a <strong>Press\u00e3o final (P\u2082)<\/strong>, conforme sua escolha na etapa 1.<\/li>\n<li>Informe a <strong>Raz\u00e3o de capacidades t\u00e9rmicas (\u03b3)<\/strong> do g\u00e1s \u2014 1,4 para o ar e outros gases diat\u00f4micos, 1,67 para gases monoat\u00f4micos como h\u00e9lio ou arg\u00f4nio, e cerca de 1,29 para o CO\u2082.<\/li>\n<li>Leia os resultados: a press\u00e3o final em v\u00e1rias unidades, o volume final em v\u00e1rias unidades, a temperatura final em K, \u00b0C e \u00b0F, al\u00e9m do balan\u00e7o de energia (trabalho realizado, varia\u00e7\u00e3o da energia interna e a constante \\(P V^{\\gamma}\\) nos dois estados).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>O que \u00e9 um processo adiab\u00e1tico?<\/h2>\n<p>Um processo adiab\u00e1tico \u00e9 um processo termodin\u00e2mico no qual um g\u00e1s n\u00e3o troca calor com o ambiente (\\(Q = 0\\)). Ainda assim, energia pode entrar ou sair do g\u00e1s \u2014 mas apenas na forma de trabalho mec\u00e2nico. Quando o g\u00e1s \u00e9 comprimido, o trabalho realizado sobre ele aumenta sua energia interna e a temperatura sobe; quando ele se expande, o g\u00e1s gasta a pr\u00f3pria energia interna empurrando o ambiente e esfria. \u00c9 por isso que a bomba de uma bicicleta esquenta quando voc\u00ea bombeia depressa, e \u00e9 por isso que o ar comprimido de um aerossol parece gelado ao se expandir.<\/p>\n<p>Esta calculadora modela o processo adiab\u00e1tico <em>revers\u00edvel<\/em> (quase est\u00e1tico, isentr\u00f3pico) de um g\u00e1s <em>ideal<\/em>. Nesse caso, as vari\u00e1veis de estado obedecem a \\(P V^{\\gamma} = \\text{constante}\\) e \\(T V^{\\gamma-1} = \\text{constante}\\). Em compara\u00e7\u00e3o com um processo isot\u00e9rmico, a press\u00e3o varia mais acentuadamente com o volume, porque a temperatura muda ao mesmo tempo: dobrar a densidade do ar (\\(\\gamma = 1.4\\)) eleva a press\u00e3o por um fator \\(2^{1.4} \\approx 2.64\\), e n\u00e3o por um fator de 2.<\/p>\n<p>O sinal do trabalho indica o sentido do processo: um \\(W\\) negativo significa que foi realizado trabalho <em>sobre<\/em> o g\u00e1s (compress\u00e3o, aquecimento); um \\(W\\) positivo significa que o g\u00e1s realizou trabalho <em>sobre<\/em> o ambiente (expans\u00e3o, resfriamento). Como \\(Q = 0\\), a primeira lei da termodin\u00e2mica se reduz a \\(\\Delta U = -W\\): a varia\u00e7\u00e3o de temperatura que voc\u00ea v\u00ea nos resultados \u00e9 consequ\u00eancia direta do trabalho trocado.<\/p>\n<h2>Premissas, limita\u00e7\u00f5es e dicas pr\u00e1ticas<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>G\u00e1s ideal:<\/strong> as rela\u00e7\u00f5es valem para press\u00f5es nas quais a aproxima\u00e7\u00e3o de g\u00e1s ideal \u00e9 v\u00e1lida. Em press\u00f5es muito altas ou perto da condensa\u00e7\u00e3o, os efeitos de g\u00e1s real ganham import\u00e2ncia e os resultados perdem precis\u00e3o.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Revers\u00edvel e verdadeiramente adiab\u00e1tico:<\/strong> o c\u00e1lculo assume que o processo \u00e9 lento o suficiente para ser quase est\u00e1tico e r\u00e1pido o suficiente (ou bem isolado o suficiente) para que nenhum calor entre ou saia. Compress\u00e3o ou expans\u00e3o r\u00e1pida e turbulenta gera irreversibilidades e leva a temperaturas finais diferentes.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u03b3 constante:<\/strong> a raz\u00e3o de capacidades t\u00e9rmicas \u00e9 tratada como independente da temperatura. Em intervalos de algumas centenas de kelvin, essa \u00e9 uma boa aproxima\u00e7\u00e3o para o ar; para varia\u00e7\u00f5es de temperatura muito grandes, devem ser usados valores tabelados de \\(\\gamma(T)\\).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Escolha \u03b3 com cuidado:<\/strong> usar 1,4 para um g\u00e1s monoat\u00f4mico (ou vice-versa) pode deslocar a temperatura final em dezenas de kelvin. Confira o g\u00e1s que voc\u00ea est\u00e1 modelando antes de confiar no resultado.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Conserva\u00e7\u00e3o de massa:<\/strong> a calculadora assume uma quantidade fixa de g\u00e1s. Use a <a href=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pt\/fisica\/calculadora-de-densidade\/\">calculadora de densidade<\/a> se precisar converter entre massa e quantidade de g\u00e1s, e a <a href=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pt\/fisica\/calculadora-de-pressao\/\">calculadora de press\u00e3o<\/a> para conferir as unidades das press\u00f5es.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Compress\u00e3o e expans\u00e3o adiab\u00e1ticas s\u00e3o centrais em motores, compressores, turbinas e na f\u00edsica da atmosfera \u2014 por exemplo, o resfriamento das parcelas de ar que sobem \u00e9 aproximadamente adiab\u00e1tico. Para situar esses processos no contexto mais amplo das m\u00e1quinas t\u00e9rmicas e de seus limites de efici\u00eancia, veja a <a href=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/physics\/carnot-efficiency-calculator\/\">calculadora de efici\u00eancia de Carnot<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Calcule a press\u00e3o, o volume e a temperatura finais de um g\u00e1s ideal ap\u00f3s uma compress\u00e3o ou expans\u00e3o adiab\u00e1tica revers\u00edvel (isentropica). Informe o estado inicial, uma grandeza final e a raz\u00e3o de capacidades t\u00e9rmicas \u03b3.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3168,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[83],"class_list":["post-2040","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fisica","tag-energia-trabalho"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2040","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3168"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2040"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2040\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2398,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2040\/revisions\/2398"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2040"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2040"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2040"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}