{"id":2158,"date":"2026-10-14T23:50:02","date_gmt":"2026-10-14T22:50:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pt\/quimica\/calculadora-de-velocidade-molecular-do-gas\/"},"modified":"2026-10-14T23:50:02","modified_gmt":"2026-10-14T22:50:02","slug":"calculadora-de-velocidade-molecular-do-gas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pt\/quimica\/calculadora-de-velocidade-molecular-do-gas\/","title":{"rendered":"Calculadora de velocidade molecular de um g\u00e1s"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"not-prose calculator-box\" aria-labelledby=\"calculator-title\"><div class=\"flex items-baseline sm:items-center justify-between gap-2 sm:gap-3\"><div class=\"flex flex-col sm:flex-row sm:items-center gap-2\"><span class=\"icon icon-calculator text-primary-700! text-base! dark:text-primary-300!\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 id=\"calculator-title\" class=\"text-lg font-display font-bold\">Velocidades moleculares a partir da temperatura e da massa molar<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"calcdash-favorite group\">\n  <button type=\"button\" class=\"favorite\" id=\"favorite\" data-favorite-id=\"2158\" data-favorite-title=\"Velocidade molecular de um g\u00e1s\" data-favorite-url=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pt\/quimica\/calculadora-de-velocidade-molecular-do-gas\/\" data-favorite-excerpt=\"Calcule as velocidades quadr\u00e1tica m\u00e9dia, m\u00e9dia e mais prov\u00e1vel das mol\u00e9culas de um g\u00e1s a partir da temperatura e da massa molar, al\u00e9m da energia translacional m\u00e9dia por mol, usando as f\u00f3rmulas da teoria cin\u00e9tica.\" aria-label=\"Adicionar aos favoritos\" data-favorite-icon=\"icon icon-wind-2\">\n    <span class=\"icon icon-shape-star-empty\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n  <\/button>\n  <div class=\"calcdash-favorite__tip\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n   <span class=\"favorite-tooltip\" id=\"favorite-tooltip\"><\/span>\n  <\/div>\n  <span class=\"sr-only\" role=\"status\" id=\"favorite-status\"><\/span>\n<\/div><\/div><form action=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pt\/quimica\/calculadora-de-velocidade-molecular-do-gas\/\" method=\"POST\" class=\"calculator\" id=\"calculator-2158\" data-post=\"2158\"><fieldset class=\"fieldset-input is-2\"><legend class=\"sr-only\">Campos de entrada<\/legend><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-1\"><label for=\"field-1\">Temperatura absoluta (T)<\/label><div class=\"term\">T<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><div class=\"field-group\"><input type=\"text\" name=\"temperatura_absoluta_t\" id=\"field-1\" aria-describedby=\"calc-info-1\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" placeholder=\"e.g. 300\" min=\"0\" value=\"300\"\/><div class=\"grid grid-cols-1\"><select id=\"field-2\" name=\"unidade\" aria-label=\"Unidade\"><option value=\"K\" selected>K<\/option><option value=\"degC\">\u00b0C<\/option><option value=\"degF\">\u00b0F<\/option><\/select><svg class=\"pointer-events-none col-start-1 row-start-1 mr-2 size-5 self-center justify-self-end text-gray-500 sm:size-4\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-slot=\"icon\">\n              <path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4.22 6.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 8.94l2.72-2.72a.75.75 0 1 1 1.06 1.06l-3.25 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L4.22 7.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" \/>\n            <\/svg><\/div><\/div><small id=\"calc-info-1\">Temperatura do g\u00e1s. Use kelvin para uma temperatura absoluta de verdade; \u00b0C e \u00b0F s\u00e3o convertidos automaticamente.<\/small><\/div><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-2\"><label for=\"field-3\">Massa molar (M)<\/label><div class=\"term\">M<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><div class=\"field-group\"><input type=\"text\" name=\"massa_molar_m\" id=\"field-3\" aria-describedby=\"calc-info-3\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" placeholder=\"e.g. 32\" min=\"0\" value=\"32\"\/><div class=\"grid grid-cols-1\"><select id=\"field-4\" name=\"unidade\" aria-label=\"Unidade\"><option value=\"g_mol\" selected>g\/mol<\/option><option value=\"kg_mol\">kg\/mol<\/option><\/select><svg class=\"pointer-events-none col-start-1 row-start-1 mr-2 size-5 self-center justify-self-end text-gray-500 sm:size-4\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-slot=\"icon\">\n              <path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4.22 6.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 8.94l2.72-2.72a.75.75 0 1 1 1.06 1.06l-3.25 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L4.22 7.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" \/>\n            <\/svg><\/div><\/div><small id=\"calc-info-3\">Massa de um mol das mol\u00e9culas do g\u00e1s; por exemplo, 2 para H\u2082, 28,97 para o ar, 32 para O\u2082 e 44 para CO\u2082.<\/small><\/div><\/fieldset><div class=\"buttons\"><button type=\"submit\" data-text=\"Recalcular\" id=\"calculate-button\" data-post=\"2158\">Calcular<\/button><button type=\"reset\">Redefinir<\/button><\/div><div class=\"field is-checkbox hidden!\" id=\"field-auto-calc\"><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"auto-calc\"><label for=\"auto-calc\">Calcular automaticamente<\/label><small>Se ativado, o resultado \u00e9 atualizado automaticamente quando voc\u00ea altera qualquer valor.<\/small><\/div><div class=\"fieldset-result is-hidden\" aria-labelledby=\"result-title\" aria-live=\"polite\" role=\"region\"> <h3 class=\"result-title bg-gradient-to-r from-primary-50 to-gray-50 dark:from-primary-900 dark:to-gray-800\" id=\"result-title\"><span class=\"icon icon-s-pulse\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span> Velocidades moleculares (teoria cin\u00e9tica)<\/h3><div class=\"result-box\"><div class=\"field-result\" id=\"output-1\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Velocidade quadr\u00e1tica m\u00e9dia<\/span><span class=\"result-term\">v_rms<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-1\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Copiar resultado\" aria-label=\"Copiar resultado\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"field-result\" id=\"output-2\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Velocidade m\u00e9dia<\/span><span class=\"result-term\">v\u0304<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-2\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Copiar resultado\" aria-label=\"Copiar resultado\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"field-result\" id=\"output-3\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Velocidade mais prov\u00e1vel<\/span><span class=\"result-term\">v_p<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-3\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Copiar resultado\" aria-label=\"Copiar resultado\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"field-result\" id=\"output-4\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Energia translacional m\u00e9dia por mol<\/span><span class=\"result-term\">E\/mol<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-4\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Copiar resultado\" aria-label=\"Copiar resultado\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"field-result is-column\" id=\"output-5\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Detalhes do c\u00e1lculo<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-5\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Copiar resultado\" aria-label=\"Copiar resultado\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"field-result is-column\" id=\"output-6\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Sobre a teoria cin\u00e9tica dos gases<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-6\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Copiar resultado\" aria-label=\"Copiar resultado\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div><div class=\"result-actions\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-link\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M12.232 4.232a2.5 2.5 0 0 1 3.536 3.536l-1.225 1.224a.75.75 0 0 0 1.061 1.06l1.224-1.224a4 4 0 0 0-5.656-5.656l-3 3a4 4 0 0 0 .225 5.865.75.75 0 0 0 .977-1.138 2.5 2.5 0 0 1-.142-3.667l3-3Z\"\/><path d=\"M11.603 7.963a.75.75 0 0 0-.977 1.138 2.5 2.5 0 0 1 .142 3.667l-3 3a2.5 2.5 0 0 1-3.536-3.536l1.225-1.224a.75.75 0 0 0-1.061-1.06l-1.224 1.224a4 4 0 1 0 5.656 5.656l3-3a4 4 0 0 0-.225-5.865Z\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"copy-link__text\">Copiar link para este c\u00e1lculo<\/span><\/button><span class=\"sr-only\" role=\"status\" id=\"copy-link-status\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><a href=\"#respond\" class=\"hidden transition-opacity duration-300 opacity-0 w-50 text-sm justify-center items-center gap-2 px-4 py-2 rounded bg-gray-200 text-gray-700 hover:bg-gray-300\" id=\"leave-comment\"><span class=\"icon icon-comments\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Deixar um coment\u00e1rio<\/a><\/form><\/section><section id=\"calc-reactions\" class=\"not-prose hidden my-12 bg-gradient-to-r from-primary-50 to-gray-50 border border-indigo-100 rounded-xl px-6 py-4 shadow-sm\" data-post=\"2158\" aria-live=\"polite\" aria-labelledby=\"calc-reactions-title\"><p id=\"calc-reactions-title\" class=\"text-sm text-gray-500 text-center mb-2\">O que voc\u00ea achou deste resultado?<\/p><div role=\"group\" aria-labelledby=\"calc-reactions-title\" class=\"grid grid-cols-3 sm:flex sm:flex-row sm:justify-around gap-4 sm:items-center sm:flex-wrap\"><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"like\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"like\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\ude00 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Curti <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"helpful\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"helpful\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\udca1 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">\u00datil <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"confused\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"confused\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\ude15 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Confuso <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"disappointed\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"disappointed\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\ude1e <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Decepcionado <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"inaccurate\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"inaccurate\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u274c <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Impreciso <\/span><\/button><\/div><div id=\"reaction-message\" class=\"hidden mt-8 rounded-md border border-primary-100 bg-white\/50 backdrop-blur-sm px-4 py-2 text-sm text-center shadow-sm\"><\/div><\/section><div class=\"calcdash-ad not-prose calcdash-ad--calc_result calcdash-ad--in-article\"><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-1721569815777345\" data-ad-slot=\"6317458308\" data-ad-layout=\"in-article\" data-ad-format=\"fluid\"><\/ins><script>(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});<\/script><\/div>\n<style id=\"wpcoderpro-inline-1\">.formula-box {\r\n\tborder-bottom: none !important;\r\n}<\/style><section class=\"formula-box\" aria-labelledby=\"formula-title\">\r\n\t<div id=\"formula-title\" class=\"not-prose font-display mb-4\"><span class=\"icon icon-formula\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2>F\u00f3rmula da velocidade molecular de um g\u00e1s<\/h2><\/div>\r\n\t<figure class=\"not-prose formula\">\r\n\t\t<figcaption class=\"formula-title\">F\u00f3rmula<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<div class=\"text-base text-gray-800\" id=\"formula\">\n\\[ v_{rms} = \\sqrt{\\frac{3RT}{M}} \\qquad \\bar{v} = \\sqrt{\\frac{8RT}{\\pi M}} \\qquad v_p = \\sqrt{\\frac{2RT}{M}} \\qquad E_{mol} = \\frac{3}{2}RT \\]\n<\/div>\r\n\t<\/figure>\r\n\t<\/p>\n<p><strong>Onde:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\\(v_{rms}\\) \u2014 velocidade quadr\u00e1tica m\u00e9dia (m\/s)<\/li>\n<li>\\(\\bar{v}\\) \u2014 velocidade m\u00e9dia (m\/s)<\/li>\n<li>\\(v_p\\) \u2014 velocidade mais prov\u00e1vel (m\/s)<\/li>\n<li>\\(E_{mol}\\) \u2014 energia cin\u00e9tica translacional m\u00e9dia por mol (J\/mol)<\/li>\n<li>\\(R\\) \u2014 constante universal dos gases, \\(8.314\\ \\mathrm{J\/(mol\\cdot K)}\\)<\/li>\n<li>\\(T\\) \u2014 temperatura absoluta (K)<\/li>\n<li>\\(M\\) \u2014 massa molar (kg\/mol)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>As tr\u00eas velocidades v\u00eam da distribui\u00e7\u00e3o de Maxwell\u2013Boltzmann de um g\u00e1s ideal: \\(v_p\\) \u00e9 o pico da distribui\u00e7\u00e3o, \\(\\bar{v}\\) \u00e9 a m\u00e9dia sobre todas as mol\u00e9culas e \\(v_{rms}\\) decorre da energia cin\u00e9tica translacional m\u00e9dia de \\(\\frac{3}{2}kT\\) por mol\u00e9cula. Note que \\(E_{mol}\\) depende apenas da temperatura, e n\u00e3o do tipo de g\u00e1s.<\/p>\n<p>\r\n<\/section>\n<style id=\"wpcoderpro-inline-2\">.calculation-box {\r\n\tborder-bottom: none !important;\r\n}<\/style><section id=\"calculation\" class=\"calculation-box\" aria-labelledby=\"calculation-title\">\r\n\t<div id=\"calculation-title\" class=\"not-prose font-display\"><span class=\"icon icon-unordered-list\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2>Velocidade molecular de um g\u00e1s \u2013 Exemplo de c\u00e1lculo<\/h2><\/div>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>Exemplo:<\/strong> g\u00e1s oxig\u00eanio (O\u2082, massa molar de 32 g\/mol) a 300 K \u2014 exatamente os valores padr\u00e3o da calculadora.<\/p>\n<p>\\[ v_{rms} = \\sqrt{\\frac{3 \\times 8.314 \\times 300}{0.032}} = \\sqrt{233844} \\approx 483.6\\ \\mathrm{m\/s} \\\\ \\bar{v} = \\sqrt{\\frac{8 \\times 8.314 \\times 300}{\\pi \\times 0.032}} \\approx 445.5\\ \\mathrm{m\/s} \\\\ v_p = \\sqrt{\\frac{2 \\times 8.314 \\times 300}{0.032}} \\approx 394.8\\ \\mathrm{m\/s} \\\\ E_{mol} = \\tfrac{3}{2} \\times 8.314 \\times 300 \\approx 3741.5\\ \\mathrm{J\/mol} \\\\ \\\\ ]<\/p>\n<p><strong>Resultado:<\/strong> \\(v_{rms} \\approx\\) 483,6 m\/s (cerca de 1740,8 km\/h), \\(\\bar{v} \\approx\\) 445,5 m\/s, \\(v_p \\approx\\) 394,8 m\/s e uma energia translacional m\u00e9dia de aproximadamente 3741,5 J\/mol \u2014 cerca de 0,064 eV (64 meV) por mol\u00e9cula.<\/p>\n<p>\n\r\n<\/section>\n<h2>Como usar a calculadora<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>Digite a <strong>temperatura absoluta (T)<\/strong> e escolha a unidade: K, \u00b0C ou \u00b0F. O valor \u00e9 convertido para kelvin automaticamente.<\/li>\n<li>Digite a <strong>massa molar (M)<\/strong> do g\u00e1s e selecione g\/mol ou kg\/mol. Valores comuns: 2 para o H\u2082, 28,97 para o ar, 32 para o O\u2082, 44 para o CO\u2082.<\/li>\n<li>Leia os resultados: a <strong>velocidade quadr\u00e1tica m\u00e9dia<\/strong>, a <strong>velocidade m\u00e9dia<\/strong> e a <strong>velocidade mais prov\u00e1vel<\/strong> s\u00e3o exibidas em m\/s e km\/h, e a <strong>energia translacional m\u00e9dia por mol<\/strong>, em J\/mol.<\/li>\n<li>A se\u00e7\u00e3o <strong>Detalhes do c\u00e1lculo<\/strong> mostra os n\u00fameros substitu\u00eddos nas f\u00f3rmulas, e <strong>Sobre a teoria cin\u00e9tica dos gases<\/strong> resume as premissas por tr\u00e1s delas.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>O que \u00e9 velocidade molecular<\/h2>\n<p>As mol\u00e9culas de um g\u00e1s est\u00e3o em movimento constante e ca\u00f3tico, colidindo bilh\u00f5es de vezes por segundo. Como as colis\u00f5es redistribuem energia o tempo todo, as velocidades das mol\u00e9culas individuais se espalham por uma faixa ampla, descrita pela distribui\u00e7\u00e3o de Maxwell\u2013Boltzmann. Em vez de acompanhar cada mol\u00e9cula, \u00e9 \u00fatil resumir a distribui\u00e7\u00e3o com algumas velocidades caracter\u00edsticas \u2014 e \u00e9 exatamente isso que esta calculadora faz.<\/p>\n<p>A <strong>velocidade mais prov\u00e1vel<\/strong> \\(v_p\\) fica no pico da distribui\u00e7\u00e3o: mais mol\u00e9culas viajam perto dessa velocidade do que de qualquer outra. A <strong>velocidade m\u00e9dia<\/strong> \\(\\bar{v}\\) \u00e9 a m\u00e9dia aritm\u00e9tica simples de todas as mol\u00e9culas e \u00e9 a relevante para grandezas como a frequ\u00eancia de colis\u00f5es e as taxas de efus\u00e3o. J\u00e1 a <strong>velocidade quadr\u00e1tica m\u00e9dia<\/strong> \\(v_{rms}\\) d\u00e1 mais peso \u00e0s mol\u00e9culas mais r\u00e1pidas (ela vem da m\u00e9dia das velocidades ao quadrado), o que a torna a escolha natural sempre que energia ou press\u00e3o entra em jogo \u2014 a press\u00e3o, por exemplo, decorre de \\(PV = \\frac{1}{3}Nm\\overline{v^2}\\).<\/p>\n<p>As tr\u00eas velocidades aparecem sempre na raz\u00e3o fixa \\(v_p : \\bar{v} : v_{rms} = \\sqrt{2} : \\sqrt{8\/\\pi} : \\sqrt{3} \\approx 1 : 1.128 : 1.225\\), independentemente do g\u00e1s ou da temperatura. Duas regras simples de escala valem a pena memorizar: dobrar a temperatura absoluta multiplica todas as velocidades por \\(\\sqrt{2}\\), enquanto dobrar a massa molar divide todas as velocidades por \\(\\sqrt{2}\\). \u00c9 por isso que as leves mol\u00e9culas de hidrog\u00eanio correm a quase 2000 m\/s \u00e0 temperatura ambiente, enquanto as pesadas mol\u00e9culas de CO\u2082 rastejam a cerca de 400 m\/s na mesma temperatura.<\/p>\n<p>A energia translacional m\u00e9dia por mol, \\(E_{mol} = \\frac{3}{2}RT\\), \u00e9 uma consequ\u00eancia direta do teorema da equiparti\u00e7\u00e3o: cada um dos tr\u00eas graus de liberdade translacionais carrega \\(\\frac{1}{2}RT\\) por mol. Ela \u00e9 id\u00eantica para todo g\u00e1s ideal na mesma temperatura, de modo que mol\u00e9culas de h\u00e9lio e de hexafluoreto de ur\u00e2nio carregam a mesma energia translacional m\u00e9dia \u2014 apenas se movem a velocidades muito diferentes.<\/p>\n<h2>Premissas, limita\u00e7\u00f5es e dicas pr\u00e1ticas<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Comportamento de g\u00e1s ideal:<\/strong> as f\u00f3rmulas assumem mol\u00e9culas pontuais, sem intera\u00e7\u00f5es entre elas. Gases reais se desviam em alta press\u00e3o ou perto da condensa\u00e7\u00e3o \u2014 para essas condi\u00e7\u00f5es, use a <a href=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pt\/quimica\/calculadora-equacao-de-van-der-waals\/\">Calculadora da Equa\u00e7\u00e3o de Van der Waals<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Equil\u00edbrio necess\u00e1rio:<\/strong> a distribui\u00e7\u00e3o de Maxwell\u2013Boltzmann s\u00f3 vale depois que o g\u00e1s atinge o equil\u00edbrio t\u00e9rmico. Em escoamentos intensos, ondas de choque ou gases muito rarefeitos, a distribui\u00e7\u00e3o real de velocidades pode ser diferente.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Use a massa molar correta:<\/strong> informe a massa das part\u00edculas reais do g\u00e1s. Para uma mistura como o ar, use a massa molar m\u00e9dia efetiva (28,97 g\/mol). Esp\u00e9cies monoat\u00f4micas como He ou Ar se movem como \u00e1tomos individuais; para gases moleculares como N\u2082 ou O\u2082, a massa molar \u00e9 a da mol\u00e9cula inteira.<\/li>\n<li><strong>A temperatura precisa ser absoluta:<\/strong> as f\u00f3rmulas exigem kelvin. A calculadora converte \u00b0C e \u00b0F para voc\u00ea, mas digitar um valor no zero absoluto ou abaixo dele retorna um erro.<\/li>\n<li><strong>S\u00f3 o movimento de transla\u00e7\u00e3o conta:<\/strong> \\(E_{mol}\\) cobre apenas a transla\u00e7\u00e3o. Mol\u00e9culas poliat\u00f4micas que giram e liga\u00e7\u00f5es que vibram armazenam energia adicional \u2014 por isso a capacidade t\u00e9rmica molar ultrapassa \\(\\frac{3}{2}R\\) em gases diat\u00f4micos e poliat\u00f4micos.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Velocidades moleculares t\u00edpicas a 300 K<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>G\u00e1s<\/th>\n<th>Massa molar (g\/mol)<\/th>\n<th>\\(v_{rms}\\) (m\/s)<\/th>\n<th>\\(\\bar{v}\\) (m\/s)<\/th>\n<th>\\(v_p\\) (m\/s)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Hidrog\u00eanio (H\u2082)<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>1934<\/td>\n<td>1781<\/td>\n<td>1578<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>H\u00e9lio (He)<\/td>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>1367<\/td>\n<td>1259<\/td>\n<td>1116<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Nitrog\u00eanio (N\u2082)<\/td>\n<td>28<\/td>\n<td>517<\/td>\n<td>476<\/td>\n<td>422<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ar (m\u00e9dia)<\/td>\n<td>28.97<\/td>\n<td>508<\/td>\n<td>468<\/td>\n<td>415<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Oxig\u00eanio (O\u2082)<\/td>\n<td>32<\/td>\n<td>484<\/td>\n<td>445<\/td>\n<td>395<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Di\u00f3xido de carbono (CO\u2082)<\/td>\n<td>44<\/td>\n<td>413<\/td>\n<td>380<\/td>\n<td>337<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Como as velocidades moleculares dependem diretamente da temperatura, a mesma calculadora tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 \u00fatil ao estudar rela\u00e7\u00f5es entre temperatura e press\u00e3o, como a <a href=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pt\/quimica\/lei-de-gay-lussac-calculadora\/\">lei de Gay-Lussac<\/a>, ou entre quantidade e volume de g\u00e1s, como a <a href=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pt\/quimica\/calculadora-lei-de-avogadro-2\/\">lei de Avogadro<\/a>. Para taxas de rea\u00e7\u00e3o, em que as colis\u00f5es moleculares ditam o ritmo, a <a href=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/chemistry\/reaction-rate-law-calculator\/\">Calculadora da lei de velocidade de rea\u00e7\u00e3o<\/a> \u00e9 uma ferramenta complementar natural.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Calcule as velocidades quadr\u00e1tica m\u00e9dia, m\u00e9dia e mais prov\u00e1vel das mol\u00e9culas de um g\u00e1s a partir da temperatura e da massa molar, al\u00e9m da energia translacional m\u00e9dia por mol, usando as f\u00f3rmulas da teoria cin\u00e9tica.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3168,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[41],"class_list":["post-2158","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-quimica","tag-gases"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2158","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3168"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2158"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2158\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2158"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2158"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2158"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}