{"id":3801,"date":"2026-10-07T11:40:24","date_gmt":"2026-10-07T10:40:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/kimya\/bragg-yasasi-hesaplayici\/"},"modified":"2026-10-07T11:40:24","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T10:40:24","slug":"bragg-yasasi-hesaplayici","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/kimya\/bragg-yasasi-hesaplayici\/","title":{"rendered":"Bragg Yasas\u0131 Hesaplay\u0131c\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"not-prose calculator-box\" aria-labelledby=\"calculator-title\"><div class=\"flex items-baseline sm:items-center justify-between gap-2 sm:gap-3\"><div class=\"flex flex-col sm:flex-row sm:items-center gap-2\"><span class=\"icon icon-calculator text-primary-700! text-base! dark:text-primary-300!\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 id=\"calculator-title\" class=\"text-lg font-display font-bold\">Bragg yasas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczlem aral\u0131\u011f\u0131, a\u00e7\u0131 veya dalga boyu i\u00e7in \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"calcdash-favorite group\">\n  <button type=\"button\" class=\"favorite\" id=\"favorite\" data-favorite-id=\"3801\" data-favorite-title=\"Bragg Yasas\u0131\" data-favorite-url=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/kimya\/bragg-yasasi-hesaplayici\/\" data-favorite-excerpt=\"Bragg yasas\u0131 hesaplay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131, n\u03bb = 2d\u00b7sin \u03b8 denklemini \u00f6rg\u00fc d\u00fczlemleri aras\u0131 uzakl\u0131k, k\u0131r\u0131n\u0131m a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 2\u03b8 veya X \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 dalga boyu i\u00e7in \u00e7\u00f6zer. D\u00f6rt b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckten \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fc girin, d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc an\u0131nda \u00f6\u011frenin.\" aria-label=\"Favorilere ekle\" data-favorite-icon=\"icon icon-molecule\">\n    <span class=\"icon icon-shape-star-empty\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n  <\/button>\n  <div class=\"calcdash-favorite__tip\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n   <span class=\"favorite-tooltip\" id=\"favorite-tooltip\"><\/span>\n  <\/div>\n  <span class=\"sr-only\" role=\"status\" id=\"favorite-status\"><\/span>\n<\/div><\/div><form action=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/kimya\/bragg-yasasi-hesaplayici\/\" method=\"POST\" class=\"calculator\" id=\"calculator-3801\" data-post=\"3801\"><fieldset class=\"fieldset-input is-2\"><legend class=\"sr-only\">Giri\u015f alanlar\u0131<\/legend><div class=\"field is-single\" id=\"input-1\"><label for=\"field-1\">Hesaplanacak b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fck<\/label><div class=\"grid grid-cols-1\"><select id=\"field-1\" name=\"hesaplanacak_byklk\"><option value=\"d\" selected>\u00d6rg\u00fc d\u00fczlemleri aras\u0131 mesafe (d)<\/option><option value=\"angle\">K\u0131r\u0131n\u0131m a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 (2\u03b8)<\/option><option value=\"lambda\">X-\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 dalga boyu (\u03bb)<\/option><\/select><svg class=\"pointer-events-none col-start-1 row-start-1 mr-2 size-5 self-center justify-self-end text-gray-500 sm:size-4\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-slot=\"icon\">\n              <path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4.22 6.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 8.94l2.72-2.72a.75.75 0 1 1 1.06 1.06l-3.25 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L4.22 7.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" \/>\n            <\/svg><\/div><\/div><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-2\"><label for=\"field-2\">Dalga boyu (\u03bb)<\/label><div class=\"term\">\u03bb<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><div class=\"field-group\"><input type=\"text\" name=\"dalga_boyu_\" id=\"field-2\" aria-describedby=\"calc-info-2\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" placeholder=\"e.g. 1.5406\" min=\"0\" value=\"1.5406\"\/><div class=\"grid grid-cols-1\"><select id=\"field-3\" name=\"birim\" aria-label=\"Birim\"><option value=\"A\" selected>\u00c5<\/option><option value=\"nm\">nm<\/option><option value=\"pm\">pm<\/option><\/select><svg class=\"pointer-events-none col-start-1 row-start-1 mr-2 size-5 self-center justify-self-end text-gray-500 sm:size-4\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-slot=\"icon\">\n              <path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4.22 6.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 8.94l2.72-2.72a.75.75 0 1 1 1.06 1.06l-3.25 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L4.22 7.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" \/>\n            <\/svg><\/div><\/div><small id=\"calc-info-2\">X-\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 dalga boyu \u2014 1,5406 \u00c5 de\u011feri Cu K\u03b1 \u0131\u015f\u0131mas\u0131d\u0131r<\/small><\/div><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-3\"><label for=\"field-4\">K\u0131r\u0131n\u0131m a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 (2\u03b8)<\/label><div class=\"term\">2\u03b8<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><input type=\"text\" name=\"krnm_as_2\" id=\"field-4\" aria-describedby=\"calc-unit-4 calc-info-4\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" placeholder=\"e.g. 30\" min=\"0\" max=\"180\" value=\"30\"\/><div class=\"unit\" id=\"calc-unit-4\">\u00b0<\/div><small id=\"calc-info-4\">Difraktometrenin bildirdi\u011fi, gelen ve k\u0131r\u0131n\u0131ma u\u011frayan \u0131\u015f\u0131n demeti aras\u0131ndaki a\u00e7\u0131<\/small><\/div><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-4\"><label for=\"field-5\">Yans\u0131ma mertebesi (n)<\/label><div class=\"term\">n<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><input type=\"text\" name=\"yansma_mertebesi_n\" id=\"field-5\" aria-describedby=\"calc-info-5\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" placeholder=\"e.g. 1\" min=\"1\" value=\"1\"\/><small id=\"calc-info-5\">Birinci mertebe yans\u0131ma (n = 1) standart se\u00e7imdir<\/small><\/div><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-5\"><label for=\"field-6\">D\u00fczlem aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 (d)<\/label><div class=\"term\">d<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><div class=\"field-group\"><input type=\"text\" name=\"dzlem_aral_d\" id=\"field-6\" aria-describedby=\"calc-info-6\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" placeholder=\"e.g. 3.0\" min=\"0\" value=\"3\"\/><div class=\"grid grid-cols-1\"><select id=\"field-7\" name=\"birim\" aria-label=\"Birim\"><option value=\"A\" selected>\u00c5<\/option><option value=\"nm\">nm<\/option><option value=\"pm\">pm<\/option><\/select><svg class=\"pointer-events-none col-start-1 row-start-1 mr-2 size-5 self-center justify-self-end text-gray-500 sm:size-4\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-slot=\"icon\">\n              <path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4.22 6.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 8.94l2.72-2.72a.75.75 0 1 1 1.06 1.06l-3.25 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L4.22 7.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" \/>\n            <\/svg><\/div><\/div><small id=\"calc-info-6\">Yans\u0131may\u0131 yapan \u00f6rg\u00fc d\u00fczlemleri aras\u0131ndaki mesafe<\/small><\/div><\/fieldset><div class=\"buttons\"><button type=\"submit\" data-text=\"Yeniden hesapla\" id=\"calculate-button\" data-post=\"3801\">Hesapla<\/button><button type=\"reset\">S\u0131f\u0131rla<\/button><\/div><div class=\"field is-checkbox hidden!\" id=\"field-auto-calc\"><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"auto-calc\"><label for=\"auto-calc\">Otomatik hesapla<\/label><small>Etkinle\u015ftirilirse, herhangi bir de\u011feri de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011finizde sonu\u00e7 otomatik olarak g\u00fcncellenir.<\/small><\/div><div class=\"fieldset-result is-hidden\" aria-labelledby=\"result-title\" aria-live=\"polite\" role=\"region\"> <h3 class=\"result-title bg-gradient-to-r from-primary-50 to-gray-50 dark:from-primary-900 dark:to-gray-800\" id=\"result-title\"><span class=\"icon icon-s-pulse\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span> K\u0131r\u0131n\u0131m sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h3><div class=\"result-box\"><div class=\"field-result is-column\" id=\"output-1\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm<\/span><span class=\"result-term\">\u2192<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-1\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Sonucu kopyala\" aria-label=\"Sonucu kopyala\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"field-result\" id=\"output-2\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Yar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131 \u03b8<\/span><span class=\"result-term\">\u03b8<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-2\" data-unit=\"\u00b0\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Sonucu kopyala\" aria-label=\"Sonucu kopyala\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"field-result\" id=\"output-3\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>sin \u03b8<\/span><span class=\"result-term\">sin \u03b8<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-3\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Sonucu kopyala\" aria-label=\"Sonucu kopyala\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"field-result is-column\" id=\"output-4\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Hesaplama ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-4\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Sonucu kopyala\" aria-label=\"Sonucu kopyala\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div><div class=\"result-actions\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-link\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M12.232 4.232a2.5 2.5 0 0 1 3.536 3.536l-1.225 1.224a.75.75 0 0 0 1.061 1.06l1.224-1.224a4 4 0 0 0-5.656-5.656l-3 3a4 4 0 0 0 .225 5.865.75.75 0 0 0 .977-1.138 2.5 2.5 0 0 1-.142-3.667l3-3Z\"\/><path d=\"M11.603 7.963a.75.75 0 0 0-.977 1.138 2.5 2.5 0 0 1 .142 3.667l-3 3a2.5 2.5 0 0 1-3.536-3.536l1.225-1.224a.75.75 0 0 0-1.061-1.06l-1.224 1.224a4 4 0 1 0 5.656 5.656l3-3a4 4 0 0 0-.225-5.865Z\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"copy-link__text\">Bu hesaplaman\u0131n ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kopyala<\/span><\/button><span class=\"sr-only\" role=\"status\" id=\"copy-link-status\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><a href=\"#respond\" class=\"hidden transition-opacity duration-300 opacity-0 w-50 text-sm justify-center items-center gap-2 px-4 py-2 rounded bg-gray-200 text-gray-700 hover:bg-gray-300\" id=\"leave-comment\"><span class=\"icon icon-comments\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Yorum b\u0131rak<\/a><\/form><\/section><section id=\"calc-reactions\" class=\"not-prose hidden my-12 bg-gradient-to-r from-primary-50 to-gray-50 border border-indigo-100 rounded-xl px-6 py-4 shadow-sm\" data-post=\"3801\" aria-live=\"polite\" aria-labelledby=\"calc-reactions-title\"><p id=\"calc-reactions-title\" class=\"text-sm text-gray-500 text-center mb-2\">Bu sonu\u00e7 hakk\u0131nda ne d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorsunuz?<\/p><div role=\"group\" aria-labelledby=\"calc-reactions-title\" class=\"grid grid-cols-3 sm:flex sm:flex-row sm:justify-around gap-4 sm:items-center sm:flex-wrap\"><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"like\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"like\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\ude00 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Be\u011fendim <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"helpful\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"helpful\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\udca1 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Faydal\u0131 <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"confused\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"confused\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\ude15 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Kafam kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131 <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"disappointed\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"disappointed\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\ude1e <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"inaccurate\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"inaccurate\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u274c <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Hatal\u0131 <\/span><\/button><\/div><div id=\"reaction-message\" class=\"hidden mt-8 rounded-md border border-primary-100 bg-white\/50 backdrop-blur-sm px-4 py-2 text-sm text-center shadow-sm\"><\/div><\/section><div class=\"calcdash-ad not-prose calcdash-ad--calc_result calcdash-ad--in-article\"><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-1721569815777345\" data-ad-slot=\"6317458308\" data-ad-layout=\"in-article\" data-ad-format=\"fluid\"><\/ins><script>(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});<\/script><\/div>\n<style id=\"wpcoderpro-inline-1\">.formula-box {\r\n\tborder-bottom: none !important;\r\n}<\/style><section class=\"formula-box\" aria-labelledby=\"formula-title\">\r\n\t<div id=\"formula-title\" class=\"not-prose font-display mb-4\"><span class=\"icon icon-formula\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2>Bragg yasas\u0131 form\u00fcl\u00fc<\/h2><\/div>\r\n\t<figure class=\"not-prose formula\">\r\n\t\t<figcaption class=\"formula-title\">Form\u00fcl<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<div class=\"text-base text-gray-800\" id=\"formula\">\n\\[ n\\lambda = 2d\\sin\\theta \\]\n\\[ d = \\frac{n\\lambda}{2\\sin\\theta} \\qquad \\theta = \\arcsin\\!\\left(\\frac{n\\lambda}{2d}\\right) \\qquad \\lambda = \\frac{2d\\sin\\theta}{n} \\]<\/div>\r\n\t<\/figure>\r\n\t<\/p>\n<p><strong>Harflerin anlam\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\\(n\\) \u2014 yans\u0131ma derecesi (tam say\u0131: 1, 2, 3, \u2026)<\/li>\n<li>\\(\\lambda\\) \u2014 d\u00fc\u015fen X \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n dalga boyu (\u00c5, nm veya pm)<\/li>\n<li>\\(d\\) \u2014 kom\u015fu \u00f6rg\u00fc d\u00fczlemleri aras\u0131ndaki uzakl\u0131k (\\(\\lambda\\) ile ayn\u0131 birimde)<\/li>\n<li>\\(\\theta\\) \u2014 s\u00fcrt\u00fcnme (Bragg) a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131, difraktometre a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 \\(2\\theta\\)'n\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Yasa \u015funu s\u00f6yler: yap\u0131c\u0131 giri\u015fim \u2014 ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bir k\u0131r\u0131n\u0131m tepesi \u2014 yaln\u0131zca ard\u0131\u015f\u0131k d\u00fczlemlerden yans\u0131yan X \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki yol fark\u0131 tam say\u0131da dalga boyuna e\u015fit oldu\u011funda olu\u015fur. Difraktometrelerin raporlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n \\(2\\theta\\), yani d\u00fc\u015fen ve k\u0131r\u0131n\u0131ma u\u011frayan \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar aras\u0131ndaki a\u00e7\u0131 oldu\u011funu unutmay\u0131n; bu nedenle form\u00fclde \\(\\theta = 2\\theta\/2\\) de\u011feri kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\r\n<\/section>\n<style id=\"wpcoderpro-inline-2\">.calculation-box {\r\n\tborder-bottom: none !important;\r\n}<\/style><section id=\"calculation\" class=\"calculation-box\" aria-labelledby=\"calculation-title\">\r\n\t<div id=\"calculation-title\" class=\"not-prose font-display\"><span class=\"icon icon-unordered-list\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2>Bragg yasas\u0131 \u2013 hesaplama \u00f6rne\u011fi<\/h2><\/div>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00d6rnek:<\/strong> bak\u0131r K\u03b1 \u0131\u015f\u0131mas\u0131yla (\u03bb = 1,5406 \u00c5) bir toz k\u0131r\u0131n\u0131m deseni kaydediliyor. Birinci dereceden bir yans\u0131ma (n = 1) 2\u03b8 = 30\u00b0'de g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Bu tepeyi olu\u015fturan d\u00fczlemlerin aras\u0131ndaki uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulal\u0131m.<\/p>\n<p>\\[ \\theta = \\frac{2\\theta}{2} = \\frac{30\u00b0}{2} = 15\u00b0 \\]<\/p>\n<p>\\[ d = \\frac{n\\lambda}{2\\sin\\theta} = \\frac{1 \\times 1.5406}{2 \\times \\sin 15\u00b0} = \\frac{1.5406}{2 \\times 0.2588} = \\frac{1.5406}{0.5176} \\]<\/p>\n<p>\\[ d \\approx 2.9758\\ \\text{\u00c5} \\]<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sonu\u00e7:<\/strong> \u00f6rg\u00fc d\u00fczlemleri aras\u0131 uzakl\u0131k d \u2248 2,976 \u00c5'dir (yakla\u015f\u0131k 0,2976 nm veya 297,6 pm).<\/p>\n<p>\n\r\n<\/section>\n<h2>Hesaplay\u0131c\u0131 nas\u0131l kullan\u0131l\u0131r?<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Hesaplanacak b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fck<\/strong> a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r men\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131n ve \u00f6rg\u00fc d\u00fczlemleri aras\u0131 uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (d), k\u0131r\u0131n\u0131m a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 (2\u03b8) ya da X \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 dalga boyunu (\u03bb) m\u0131 istedi\u011finizi se\u00e7in.<\/li>\n<li>I\u015f\u0131man\u0131n <strong>Dalga boyunu (\u03bb)<\/strong> girin ve birimini (\u00c5, nm veya pm) se\u00e7in. Bak\u0131r K\u03b1 \u0131\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 i\u00e7in varsay\u0131lan 1,5406 \u00c5 de\u011ferini b\u0131rak\u0131n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>K\u0131r\u0131n\u0131m a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 (2\u03b8)<\/strong> derece cinsinden, difraktometrenin raporlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 haliyle girin \u2014 hesaplay\u0131c\u0131 yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 almay\u0131 sizin yerinize yapar.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Yans\u0131ma derecesini (n)<\/strong> ayarlay\u0131n; daha y\u00fcksek dereceden bir yans\u0131may\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemiyorsan\u0131z 1 kullan\u0131n.<\/li>\n<li>A\u00e7\u0131y\u0131 veya dalga boyunu hesaplat\u0131yorsan\u0131z ayr\u0131ca <strong>D\u00fczlem aras\u0131 uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (d)<\/strong> da birimiyle birlikte girin.<\/li>\n<li>Sonu\u00e7lar an\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr: istenen b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fck, yar\u0131m a\u00e7\u0131 \u03b8, sin \u03b8 ve Bragg yasas\u0131yla yap\u0131lan do\u011frulamay\u0131 ad\u0131m ad\u0131m g\u00f6steren yerine koyma i\u015flemi.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Bragg yasas\u0131 nedir?<\/h2>\n<p>Bragg yasas\u0131, 1913'te William Henry Bragg ve o\u011flu William Lawrence Bragg taraf\u0131ndan form\u00fcle edilen, X \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131r\u0131n\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n temel denklemdir. X \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 bir kristale \u00e7arpt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, d\u00fczenli dizilmi\u015f atomlardan sa\u00e7\u0131l\u0131rlar. Paralel \u00f6rg\u00fc d\u00fczlemlerinden yans\u0131yan \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar farkl\u0131 yollar kat eder: daha derin bir d\u00fczlemden seken \u0131\u015f\u0131n, \u00fcstteki d\u00fczlemden gelen \u0131\u015f\u0131na k\u0131yasla \\(2d\\sin\\theta\\) kadar fazla yol al\u0131r. Bu ek yol tam say\u0131da dalga boyuna (\\(n\\lambda\\)) e\u015fitse yans\u0131yan dalgalar ayn\u0131 fazda birle\u015fir ve birbirlerini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirerek keskin bir k\u0131r\u0131n\u0131m tepesi olu\u015fturur. De\u011filse y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 giri\u015fim yaparlar ve hemen hemen hi\u00e7 \u015fiddet g\u00f6zlenmez.<\/p>\n<p>Yasa, bir k\u0131r\u0131n\u0131m deseni ile malzemenin atomik yap\u0131s\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki k\u00f6pr\u00fcd\u00fcr. Toz desenindeki her tepe konumu, \\(n\\lambda = 2d\\sin\\theta\\) ko\u015fulunu sa\u011flayan bir \u00f6rg\u00fc d\u00fczlemi ailesine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelir. Tepelerin a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcp dalga boyunu bilerek kristalbilimciler \u00f6rg\u00fc uzakl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, bunlardan da birim h\u00fccreyi ve atomlar\u0131n dizili\u015fini yeniden kurar. Minerallerin, metallerin, ila\u00e7 maddelerinin ve proteinlerin kristal yap\u0131lar\u0131 bu yolla belirlenmi\u015ftir ve h\u00e2l\u00e2 belirlenmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>Sonucu yorumlamak kolayd\u0131r: b\u00fcy\u00fck a\u00e7\u0131daki bir tepe k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir d uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na (birbirine yak\u0131n d\u00fczlemlere) kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelir ve tersi de ge\u00e7erlidir. Hesaplay\u0131c\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131y\u0131 hesaplarken hata veriyorsa, \\(n\\lambda &gt; 2d\\) bile\u015fimi \\(\\sin\\theta &gt; 1\\) gerektiriyor demektir; bu da fiziksel olarak olanaks\u0131zd\u0131r \u2014 o yans\u0131ma, verilen dalga boyu ve uzakl\u0131k i\u00e7in hi\u00e7 ger\u00e7ekle\u015femez.<\/p>\n<h2>Varsay\u0131mlar, s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar ve pratik ipu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>2\u03b8 de\u011fil \u03b8 kullan\u0131n.<\/strong> En s\u0131k yap\u0131lan hata budur. Difraktometreler 2\u03b8'yi tarar ve raporlar; form\u00fcl ise yar\u0131m a\u00e7\u0131y\u0131 gerektirir. Bu hesaplay\u0131c\u0131 2\u03b8'yi do\u011frudan kabul eder ve ikiye b\u00f6lmeyi kendi i\u00e7inde yapar.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Birimler uyumlu olmal\u0131.<\/strong> Dalga boyu ve uzakl\u0131k tutarl\u0131 olan herhangi bir birimde olabilir; hesaplay\u0131c\u0131 \u00c5, nm ve pm d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmlerini otomatik yapar, b\u00f6ylece iki birim se\u00e7icisinde birimleri kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k kullanabilirsiniz.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Y\u00fcksek dereceler.<\/strong> Bir d\u00fczlem k\u00fcmesinden ikinci dereceden yans\u0131ma (n = 2), aralar\u0131ndaki uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yar\u0131s\u0131 kadar olan d\u00fczlemlerden birinci dereceden yans\u0131mayla tam olarak ayn\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131da g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr; toz k\u0131r\u0131n\u0131m\u0131nda indeksleme yaparken bu y\u00fczden \"etkili\" d ile n = 1 kullanmak ola\u011fan uzla\u015f\u0131md\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0130dealize edilmi\u015f model.<\/strong> Yasa, tamamen paralel ve e\u015fit aral\u0131kl\u0131 d\u00fczlemler ile esnek, ayna benzeri bir yans\u0131ma varsayar. Ger\u00e7ek kristallerde gerilme, boyut kaynakl\u0131 geni\u015fleme, termal titre\u015fimler ve kusurlar bulunur; bunlar tepeleri geni\u015fletip zay\u0131flat\u0131r ama Bragg konumlar\u0131n\u0131 kayd\u0131rmaz.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dalga boyu se\u00e7imi \u00f6nemlidir.<\/strong> Daha k\u0131sa bir dalga boyu (\u00f6rn. Mo K\u03b1, 0,7107 \u00c5) daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck d uzakl\u0131klar\u0131na inmenizi sa\u011flar ve deseni daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck a\u00e7\u0131lara s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r; daha uzun bir dalga boyu (Cr K\u03b1, 2,2910 \u00c5) ise deseni yayar ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck a\u00e7\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc iyile\u015ftirir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>So\u011furma veya \u015fiddet bilgisi yok.<\/strong> Bragg yasas\u0131 yaln\u0131zca tepe konumlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcr, tepe \u015fiddetlerini de\u011fil; \u015fiddetler birim h\u00fccre i\u00e7indeki atom dizili\u015fine (yap\u0131 fakt\u00f6rlerine) ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Laboratuvarda yayg\u0131n X \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 dalga boylar\u0131<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Anot<\/th>\n<th>\u00c7izgi<\/th>\n<th>\u03bb (\u00c5)<\/th>\n<th>Tipik kullan\u0131m<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Bak\u0131r<\/td>\n<td>Cu K\u03b1<\/td>\n<td>1,5406<\/td>\n<td>Genel toz k\u0131r\u0131n\u0131m\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Kobalt<\/td>\n<td>Co K\u03b1<\/td>\n<td>1,7902<\/td>\n<td>Demir ve \u00e7elik \u00f6rnekleri (daha az Fe floresans\u0131)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Molibden<\/td>\n<td>Mo K\u03b1<\/td>\n<td>0,7107<\/td>\n<td>Tek kristaller, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck molek\u00fcller<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Krom<\/td>\n<td>Cr K\u03b1<\/td>\n<td>2,2910<\/td>\n<td>Art\u0131k gerilme analizi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Demir<\/td>\n<td>Fe K\u03b1<\/td>\n<td>1,9373<\/td>\n<td>A\u011f\u0131r oksitli ve mineral \u00f6rnekleri<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>X \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131r\u0131n\u0131m\u0131, bir \u00f6rne\u011fi tam olarak karakterize etmek i\u00e7in \u00e7o\u011fu zaman ba\u015fka analitik tekniklerle birlikte kullan\u0131l\u0131r: burada bir bile\u015fi\u011fin \u00f6rg\u00fc uzakl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 belirledikten sonra molek\u00fcl k\u00fctlesini <a href=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/chemistry\/mass-spectrometry-m-z-calculator\/\">K\u00fctle Spektrometrisi m\/z Hesaplay\u0131c\u0131<\/a> ile do\u011frulayabilir ya da bile\u015fenlerinin ayr\u0131m kalitesini <a href=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/chemistry\/chromatography-resolution-calculator\/\">Kromatografi \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck Hesaplay\u0131c\u0131<\/a> ile kontrol edebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bragg yasas\u0131 hesaplay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131, n\u03bb = 2d\u00b7sin \u03b8 denklemini \u00f6rg\u00fc d\u00fczlemleri aras\u0131 uzakl\u0131k, k\u0131r\u0131n\u0131m a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 2\u03b8 veya X \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 dalga boyu i\u00e7in \u00e7\u00f6zer. D\u00f6rt b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckten \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fc girin, d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc an\u0131nda \u00f6\u011frenin.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3168,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[23],"class_list":["post-3801","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kimya","tag-kimyasal-bag"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3801","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3168"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3801"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3801\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3801"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3801"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3801"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}