{"id":3804,"date":"2026-10-07T11:45:22","date_gmt":"2026-10-07T10:45:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/kimya\/dipol-moment-hesaplama\/"},"modified":"2026-10-07T11:45:22","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T10:45:22","slug":"dipol-moment-hesaplama","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/kimya\/dipol-moment-hesaplama\/","title":{"rendered":"Dipol Momenti Hesaplama"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"not-prose calculator-box\" aria-labelledby=\"calculator-title\"><div class=\"flex items-baseline sm:items-center justify-between gap-2 sm:gap-3\"><div class=\"flex flex-col sm:flex-row sm:items-center gap-2\"><span class=\"icon icon-calculator text-primary-700! text-base! dark:text-primary-300!\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 id=\"calculator-title\" class=\"text-lg font-display font-bold\">Y\u00fck ve mesafeden dipol momenti<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"calcdash-favorite group\">\n  <button type=\"button\" class=\"favorite\" id=\"favorite\" data-favorite-id=\"3804\" data-favorite-title=\"Dipol Momenti\" data-favorite-url=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/kimya\/dipol-moment-hesaplama\/\" data-favorite-excerpt=\"Y\u00fck ayr\u0131lmas\u0131ndan do\u011fan dipol momentini hesaplay\u0131n: y\u00fck\u00fcn b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve y\u00fckler aras\u0131ndaki uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 girin, sonucu debye ve C\u00b7m cinsinden, ger\u00e7ek molek\u00fcllerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 olarak al\u0131n.\" aria-label=\"Favorilere ekle\" data-favorite-icon=\"icon icon-molecule\">\n    <span class=\"icon icon-shape-star-empty\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n  <\/button>\n  <div class=\"calcdash-favorite__tip\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n   <span class=\"favorite-tooltip\" id=\"favorite-tooltip\"><\/span>\n  <\/div>\n  <span class=\"sr-only\" role=\"status\" id=\"favorite-status\"><\/span>\n<\/div><\/div><form action=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/kimya\/dipol-moment-hesaplama\/\" method=\"POST\" class=\"calculator\" id=\"calculator-3804\" data-post=\"3804\"><fieldset class=\"fieldset-input is-2\"><legend class=\"sr-only\">Giri\u015f alanlar\u0131<\/legend><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-1\"><label for=\"field-1\">Y\u00fck\u00fcn b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc (q)<\/label><div class=\"term\">q<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><div class=\"field-group\"><input type=\"text\" name=\"ykn_bykl_q\" id=\"field-1\" aria-describedby=\"calc-info-1\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" placeholder=\"e.g. 1\" min=\"0\" value=\"1\"\/><div class=\"grid grid-cols-1\"><select id=\"field-2\" name=\"birim\" aria-label=\"Birim\"><option value=\"e\" selected>e (temel y\u00fck)<\/option><option value=\"C\">C (kulomb)<\/option><option value=\"uC\">\u00b5C (mikrokulomb)<\/option><\/select><svg class=\"pointer-events-none col-start-1 row-start-1 mr-2 size-5 self-center justify-self-end text-gray-500 sm:size-4\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-slot=\"icon\">\n              <path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4.22 6.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 8.94l2.72-2.72a.75.75 0 1 1 1.06 1.06l-3.25 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L4.22 7.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" \/>\n            <\/svg><\/div><\/div><small id=\"calc-info-1\">Ayr\u0131lan y\u00fcklerin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc (toplam molek\u00fcl y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc de\u011fil, k\u0131smi y\u00fck\u00fc girin)<\/small><\/div><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-2\"><label for=\"field-3\">Ayr\u0131lma mesafesi (d)<\/label><div class=\"term\">d<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><div class=\"field-group\"><input type=\"text\" name=\"ayrlma_mesafesi_d\" id=\"field-3\" aria-describedby=\"calc-info-3\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" placeholder=\"e.g. 1\" min=\"0\" value=\"1\"\/><div class=\"grid grid-cols-1\"><select id=\"field-4\" name=\"birim\" aria-label=\"Birim\"><option value=\"pm\">pm<\/option><option value=\"A\" selected>\u00c5 (angstrom)<\/option><option value=\"nm\">nm<\/option><option value=\"cm\">cm<\/option><option value=\"m\">m<\/option><\/select><svg class=\"pointer-events-none col-start-1 row-start-1 mr-2 size-5 self-center justify-self-end text-gray-500 sm:size-4\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-slot=\"icon\">\n              <path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4.22 6.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 8.94l2.72-2.72a.75.75 0 1 1 1.06 1.06l-3.25 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L4.22 7.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" \/>\n            <\/svg><\/div><\/div><small id=\"calc-info-3\">Pozitif ve negatif y\u00fck merkezleri aras\u0131ndaki mesafe<\/small><\/div><\/fieldset><div class=\"buttons\"><button type=\"submit\" data-text=\"Yeniden hesapla\" id=\"calculate-button\" data-post=\"3804\">Hesapla<\/button><button type=\"reset\">S\u0131f\u0131rla<\/button><\/div><div class=\"field is-checkbox hidden!\" id=\"field-auto-calc\"><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"auto-calc\"><label for=\"auto-calc\">Otomatik hesapla<\/label><small>Etkinle\u015ftirilirse, herhangi bir de\u011feri de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011finizde sonu\u00e7 otomatik olarak g\u00fcncellenir.<\/small><\/div><div class=\"fieldset-result is-hidden\" aria-labelledby=\"result-title\" aria-live=\"polite\" role=\"region\"> <h3 class=\"result-title bg-gradient-to-r from-primary-50 to-gray-50 dark:from-primary-900 dark:to-gray-800\" id=\"result-title\"><span class=\"icon icon-s-pulse\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span> Dipol momenti sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h3><div class=\"result-box\"><div class=\"field-result\" id=\"output-1\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Dipol momenti<\/span><span class=\"result-term\">\u03bc<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-1\" data-unit=\"D (debye)\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Sonucu kopyala\" aria-label=\"Sonucu kopyala\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"field-result\" id=\"output-2\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Dipol momenti (SI)<\/span><span class=\"result-term\">\u03bc<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-2\" data-unit=\"C\u00b7m\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Sonucu kopyala\" aria-label=\"Sonucu kopyala\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"field-result is-column\" id=\"output-3\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Ger\u00e7ek molek\u00fcllerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-3\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Sonucu kopyala\" aria-label=\"Sonucu kopyala\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"field-result is-column\" id=\"output-4\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Hesaplama ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-4\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Sonucu kopyala\" aria-label=\"Sonucu kopyala\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div><div class=\"result-actions\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-link\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M12.232 4.232a2.5 2.5 0 0 1 3.536 3.536l-1.225 1.224a.75.75 0 0 0 1.061 1.06l1.224-1.224a4 4 0 0 0-5.656-5.656l-3 3a4 4 0 0 0 .225 5.865.75.75 0 0 0 .977-1.138 2.5 2.5 0 0 1-.142-3.667l3-3Z\"\/><path d=\"M11.603 7.963a.75.75 0 0 0-.977 1.138 2.5 2.5 0 0 1 .142 3.667l-3 3a2.5 2.5 0 0 1-3.536-3.536l1.225-1.224a.75.75 0 0 0-1.061-1.06l-1.224 1.224a4 4 0 1 0 5.656 5.656l3-3a4 4 0 0 0-.225-5.865Z\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"copy-link__text\">Bu hesaplaman\u0131n ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kopyala<\/span><\/button><span class=\"sr-only\" role=\"status\" id=\"copy-link-status\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><a href=\"#respond\" class=\"hidden transition-opacity duration-300 opacity-0 w-50 text-sm justify-center items-center gap-2 px-4 py-2 rounded bg-gray-200 text-gray-700 hover:bg-gray-300\" id=\"leave-comment\"><span class=\"icon icon-comments\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Yorum b\u0131rak<\/a><\/form><\/section><section id=\"calc-reactions\" class=\"not-prose hidden my-12 bg-gradient-to-r from-primary-50 to-gray-50 border border-indigo-100 rounded-xl px-6 py-4 shadow-sm\" data-post=\"3804\" aria-live=\"polite\" aria-labelledby=\"calc-reactions-title\"><p id=\"calc-reactions-title\" class=\"text-sm text-gray-500 text-center mb-2\">Bu sonu\u00e7 hakk\u0131nda ne d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorsunuz?<\/p><div role=\"group\" aria-labelledby=\"calc-reactions-title\" class=\"grid grid-cols-3 sm:flex sm:flex-row sm:justify-around gap-4 sm:items-center sm:flex-wrap\"><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"like\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"like\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\ude00 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Be\u011fendim <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"helpful\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"helpful\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\udca1 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Faydal\u0131 <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"confused\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"confused\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\ude15 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Kafam kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131 <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"disappointed\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"disappointed\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\ude1e <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"inaccurate\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"inaccurate\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u274c <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Hatal\u0131 <\/span><\/button><\/div><div id=\"reaction-message\" class=\"hidden mt-8 rounded-md border border-primary-100 bg-white\/50 backdrop-blur-sm px-4 py-2 text-sm text-center shadow-sm\"><\/div><\/section><div class=\"calcdash-ad not-prose calcdash-ad--calc_result calcdash-ad--in-article\"><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-1721569815777345\" data-ad-slot=\"6317458308\" data-ad-layout=\"in-article\" data-ad-format=\"fluid\"><\/ins><script>(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});<\/script><\/div>\n<style id=\"wpcoderpro-inline-1\">.formula-box {\r\n\tborder-bottom: none !important;\r\n}<\/style><section class=\"formula-box\" aria-labelledby=\"formula-title\">\r\n\t<div id=\"formula-title\" class=\"not-prose font-display mb-4\"><span class=\"icon icon-formula\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2>Dipol Momenti Ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131<\/h2><\/div>\r\n\t<figure class=\"not-prose formula\">\r\n\t\t<figcaption class=\"formula-title\">Form\u00fcl<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<div class=\"text-base text-gray-800\" id=\"formula\">\n\\[ \\mu = q \\times d \\]\n\\[ \\mu_{(\\mathrm{D})} = \\frac{q_{(\\mathrm{C})} \\times d_{(\\mathrm{m})}}{3.33564 \\times 10^{-30}} \\]<\/div>\r\n\t<\/figure>\r\n\t<\/p>\n<p><strong>Buradaki g\u00f6sterimler:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\\(\\mu\\) \u2014 dipol momenti (C\u00b7m veya D)<\/li>\n<li>\\(q\\) \u2014 ayr\u0131lan y\u00fcklerden birinin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc (C); y\u00fck elementer y\u00fck cinsinden verilmi\u015fse \\(1~e = 1.602176634 \\times 10^{-19}\\) C d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kullan\u0131n<\/li>\n<li>\\(d\\) \u2014 pozitif ve negatif y\u00fck merkezleri aras\u0131ndaki uzakl\u0131k (m)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckleri e\u015fit ve i\u015faretleri ters olan iki nokta y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn dipol momentini verir: moment, hem ayr\u0131lan y\u00fck miktar\u0131yla hem de y\u00fck merkezleri aras\u0131ndaki uzakl\u0131kla do\u011fru orant\u0131l\u0131 olarak b\u00fcy\u00fcr. Kimyada sonu\u00e7 genellikle debye (D) cinsinden verilir; \\(1~\\mathrm{D} = 3.33564 \\times 10^{-30}\\) C\u00b7m'dir.<\/p>\n<p>\r\n<\/section>\n<style id=\"wpcoderpro-inline-2\">.calculation-box {\r\n\tborder-bottom: none !important;\r\n}<\/style><section id=\"calculation\" class=\"calculation-box\" aria-labelledby=\"calculation-title\">\r\n\t<div id=\"calculation-title\" class=\"not-prose font-display\"><span class=\"icon icon-unordered-list\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2>Dipol momenti \u2014 hesaplama \u00f6rne\u011fi<\/h2><\/div>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00d6rnek:<\/strong> bir ba\u011f, \\(q = 1~e\\) b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde bir k\u0131smi y\u00fck ta\u015f\u0131yor (tam elementer y\u00fck, yani y\u00fczde 100 iyonik s\u0131n\u0131r) ve y\u00fck merkezleri \\(d = 1\\) \u00c5 uzakl\u0131kta; bu, tipik bir kimyasal ba\u011f uzunlu\u011fudur.<\/p>\n<p>\\[ q = 1 \\times 1.602176634 \\times 10^{-19}~\\mathrm{C} = 1.6022 \\times 10^{-19}~\\mathrm{C} \\]<\/p>\n<p>\\[ d = 1~\\text{\u00c5} = 1 \\times 10^{-10}~\\mathrm{m} \\]<\/p>\n<p>\\[ \\mu = 1.6022 \\times 10^{-19}~\\mathrm{C} \\times 1 \\times 10^{-10}~\\mathrm{m} = 1.6022 \\times 10^{-29}~\\mathrm{C\\cdot m} \\]<\/p>\n<p>\\[ \\mu = \\frac{1.6022 \\times 10^{-29}}{3.33564 \\times 10^{-30}} \\approx 4.801~\\mathrm{D} \\]<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sonu\u00e7:<\/strong> \\(\\mu \\approx 4.801\\) D (\\(1.6022 \\times 10^{-29}\\) C\u00b7m). Bu, 1 \u00c5 uzakl\u0131ktaki bir birim y\u00fck i\u00e7in bilinen \"iyonik s\u0131n\u0131r\" de\u011feridir \u2014 ger\u00e7ek polar molek\u00fcller bu de\u011ferin olduk\u00e7a alt\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131 bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n<p>\n\r\n<\/section>\n<h2>Dipol momenti hesaplama arac\u0131 nas\u0131l kullan\u0131l\u0131r?<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Y\u00fck b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc (q)<\/strong> girin \u2014 ayr\u0131lan y\u00fck\u00fcn ne kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck oldu\u011funu. <em>K\u0131smi<\/em> y\u00fck\u00fc girin, molek\u00fcl\u00fcn toplam y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc de\u011fil.<\/li>\n<li>Y\u00fck birimini se\u00e7in: <code>e<\/code> (elementer y\u00fck), <code>C<\/code> (coulomb) veya <code>\u00b5C<\/code> (mikrocoulomb). Elektronegatiflik tablolar\u0131ndan al\u0131nan k\u0131smi y\u00fckler genellikle e'nin kesirleri olarak verilir; \u00f6rne\u011fin 0,4.<\/li>\n<li>Pozitif ve negatif y\u00fck merkezleri aras\u0131ndaki <strong>uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (d)<\/strong> girin ve birimini (pm, \u00c5, nm, cm veya m) se\u00e7in. Ba\u011f uzunluklar\u0131 en s\u0131k \u00c5 veya pm cinsinden verilir.<\/li>\n<li>Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 okuyun: <strong>debye (D)<\/strong> ve <strong>C\u00b7m<\/strong> cinsinden dipol momenti, ger\u00e7ek molek\u00fcllerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma ve hesaplaman\u0131n t\u00fcm ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Dipol momenti nedir?<\/h2>\n<p>Dipol momenti, bir molek\u00fclde veya ba\u011fda pozitif ve negatif y\u00fck\u00fcn ne kadar g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcr. Elektronegatiflikleri farkl\u0131 iki atom ba\u011f kurdu\u011funda, ba\u011f elektronlar\u0131 daha elektronegatif atoma do\u011fru kayar ve bir u\u00e7ta k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir k\u0131smi negatif y\u00fck, di\u011ferinde k\u0131smi pozitif y\u00fck olu\u015fur. Y\u00fck ne kadar b\u00fcy\u00fckse ve y\u00fck merkezleri birbirinden o kadar uzaksa, dipol momenti o kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck olur.<\/p>\n<p>\\(\\mu = q \\times d\\) oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in dipol momenti yaln\u0131zca y\u00fckten ya da yaln\u0131zca uzakl\u0131ktan hesaplanamaz \u2014 uzun bir uzakl\u0131kta ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir y\u00fck, k\u0131sa bir uzakl\u0131ktaki b\u00fcy\u00fck bir y\u00fck ile ayn\u0131 de\u011feri verebilir. Molek\u00fcl dipol momentlerinin bu nedenle ayr\u0131 y\u00fck ve uzakl\u0131k de\u011ferleri olarak de\u011fil, debye cinsinden tek bir say\u0131 olarak verildi\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcz.<\/p>\n<p>Dipol momentleri pek \u00e7ok g\u00fcnl\u00fck kimyasal davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n ard\u0131ndad\u0131r: bir molek\u00fcl\u00fcn polar olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, suda ne kadar \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, di\u011fer polar molek\u00fcllerle ne kadar g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc etkile\u015fti\u011fi ve kaynama noktas\u0131. Suy\u0131n 1,85 D olan dipol momenti hem ola\u011fand\u0131\u015f\u0131 y\u00fcksek kaynama noktas\u0131n\u0131 hem de iyonik bile\u015fikler i\u00e7in \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc olarak g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131klar. Debye biriminin ad\u0131, molek\u00fcler polarite ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc Peter Debye'dan gelir.<\/p>\n<h2>Sonucun yorumlanmas\u0131<\/h2>\n<p>Kaba bir yol g\u00f6sterici olarak: yakla\u015f\u0131k 0,5 D'nin alt\u0131ndaki de\u011ferler genellikle polar olmayan ila zay\u0131f polar kabul edilir, 1\u20133 D aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 polar kovalent molek\u00fcller i\u00e7in tipiktir, iyonik s\u0131n\u0131ra yakla\u015fan de\u011ferler (ba\u011f boyunca tam \\(\\pm 1e\\) y\u00fck \u00e7ifti, \u00c5 ba\u015f\u0131na yakla\u015f\u0131k 4,8 D) ise ba\u011f\u0131n esasen iyonik oldu\u011funa i\u015faret eder.<\/p>\n<p>Hesaplay\u0131c\u0131 ayr\u0131ca girdi\u011finiz de\u011ferin bir elementer y\u00fck\u00fcn y\u00fczde ka\u00e7\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k geldi\u011fini g\u00f6sterir; bu da iyonik karakter i\u00e7in pratik bir tahmin sunar: ba\u011f\u0131 uzunlu\u011fu kadar bir uzakl\u0131kla ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \\(q = 0.5~e\\) y\u00fck\u00fc ta\u015f\u0131yan bir ba\u011f kabaca %50 iyoniktir. Bunun, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f dipol momentlerinden ve elektronegatiflik farklar\u0131ndan t\u00fcretilen iyonik karakter y\u00fczdesiyle ayn\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, basitle\u015ftirilmi\u015f bir ders kitab\u0131 tahmini oldu\u011funu unutmay\u0131n.<\/p>\n<h2>Varsay\u0131mlar ve s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Nokta y\u00fck\u00fc modeli.<\/strong> Hesaplama, \\(d\\) uzakl\u0131kla ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckleri e\u015fit ve i\u015faretleri ters iki nokta y\u00fck\u00fc varsayar. Ger\u00e7ek molek\u00fcllerde elektron bulutlar\u0131 yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen dipol momentleri bu basit tahminden farkl\u0131 olabilir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Yaln\u0131zca b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fck.<\/strong> Dipol momenti, negatif y\u00fckten pozitif y\u00fcke do\u011fru y\u00f6nelen bir vekt\u00f6rd\u00fcr. Bu hesaplay\u0131c\u0131 yaln\u0131zca b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc verir; molek\u00fcl dipol momenti tablolar\u0131nda da b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fck raporlan\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><strong>K\u0131smi y\u00fck, toplam y\u00fck de\u011fil.<\/strong> N\u00f6tr bir polar molek\u00fcl i\u00e7in ayr\u0131lan y\u00fcklerden birinin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc girin (\u00f6rne\u011fin \\(q = +0.4e\\) ve \\(-0.4e\\) i\u00e7in 0,4), toplam\u0131 de\u011fil \u2014 toplam s\u0131f\u0131rd\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ba\u011f ve molek\u00fcl.<\/strong> \u0130ki atomlu bir molek\u00fclde ba\u011f dipol\u00fc, molek\u00fcl\u00fcn dipol\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u00c7ok atomlu molek\u00fcllerde ise tek tek ba\u011f dipolleri vekt\u00f6rel olarak toplanmal\u0131d\u0131r \u2014 bu hesaplay\u0131c\u0131 bir seferde yaln\u0131zca tek bir ba\u011f\u0131 veya tek bir nokta y\u00fck\u00fc \u00e7iftini i\u015fler.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Gaz faz\u0131 de\u011ferleri.<\/strong> Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma de\u011ferleri (HCl 1,08 D, su 1,85 D vb.) gaz faz\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr; \u00e7\u00f6zelti i\u00e7indeki dipol momentleri belirgin bi\u00e7imde farkl\u0131 olabilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Yayg\u0131n molek\u00fcller i\u00e7in referans de\u011ferler<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Molek\u00fcl<\/th>\n<th>Dipol momenti (D)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>CO\u2082, CH\u2084, CCl\u2084 (simetrik)<\/td>\n<td>0 (polar de\u011fil)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>CO<\/td>\n<td>0.112<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>HI<\/td>\n<td>0.42<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>HBr<\/td>\n<td>0.82<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>H\u2082S<\/td>\n<td>0.97<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>HCl<\/td>\n<td>1.08<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Etil alkol<\/td>\n<td>1.69<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>HF<\/td>\n<td>1.82<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>H\u2082O<\/td>\n<td>1.85<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>NH\u2083<\/td>\n<td>1.47<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Aseton<\/td>\n<td>2.88<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>HCN<\/td>\n<td>2.98<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>NaCl (gaz faz\u0131)<\/td>\n<td>9.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>KCl (gaz faz\u0131)<\/td>\n<td>10.3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Bir molek\u00fcl i\u00e7inde y\u00fck\u00fcn nas\u0131l da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcml\u00fcyorsan\u0131z <a href=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/chemistry\/formal-charge-calculator\/\">Formal Y\u00fck Hesaplama<\/a> arac\u0131 bir Lewis yap\u0131s\u0131ndaki atomlara y\u00fck atamada yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur; <a href=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/chemistry\/ionic-strength-calculator\/\">\u0130yonik Kuvvet Hesaplama<\/a> arac\u0131 ise \u00e7\u00f6zeltideki y\u00fckl\u00fc t\u00fcrlerin deri\u015fimiyle ilgilenir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Y\u00fck ayr\u0131lmas\u0131ndan do\u011fan dipol momentini hesaplay\u0131n: y\u00fck\u00fcn b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve y\u00fckler aras\u0131ndaki uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 girin, sonucu debye ve C\u00b7m cinsinden, ger\u00e7ek molek\u00fcllerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 olarak al\u0131n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3168,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[23],"class_list":["post-3804","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kimya","tag-kimyasal-bag"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3804","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3168"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3804"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3804\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3804"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3804"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3804"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}