{"id":3811,"date":"2026-10-07T11:56:22","date_gmt":"2026-10-07T10:56:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/kimya\/donma-noktasi-dusmesi-hesaplama\/"},"modified":"2026-10-07T11:56:22","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T10:56:22","slug":"donma-noktasi-dusmesi-hesaplama","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/kimya\/donma-noktasi-dusmesi-hesaplama\/","title":{"rendered":"Donma Noktas\u0131 D\u00fc\u015fmesi Hesaplama"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"not-prose calculator-box\" aria-labelledby=\"calculator-title\"><div class=\"flex items-baseline sm:items-center justify-between gap-2 sm:gap-3\"><div class=\"flex flex-col sm:flex-row sm:items-center gap-2\"><span class=\"icon icon-calculator text-primary-700! text-base! dark:text-primary-300!\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 id=\"calculator-title\" class=\"text-lg font-display font-bold\">\u00c7\u00f6zeltinin Donma Noktas\u0131n\u0131 Bulun<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"calcdash-favorite group\">\n  <button type=\"button\" class=\"favorite\" id=\"favorite\" data-favorite-id=\"3811\" data-favorite-title=\"Donma Noktas\u0131 D\u00fc\u015fmesi\" data-favorite-url=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/kimya\/donma-noktasi-dusmesi-hesaplama\/\" data-favorite-excerpt=\"Molalite, kriyoskopik sabit (Kf) ve van &#039;t Hoff fakt\u00f6r\u00fcnden \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin donma noktas\u0131n\u0131 hesaplay\u0131n. De\u011ferlerinizi girin; d\u00fc\u015fme miktar\u0131 \u0394Tf ve yeni donma noktas\u0131 \u00b0C ve \u00b0F cinsinden kar\u015f\u0131n\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kar.\" aria-label=\"Favorilere ekle\" data-favorite-icon=\"icon icon-chemistry\">\n    <span class=\"icon icon-shape-star-empty\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n  <\/button>\n  <div class=\"calcdash-favorite__tip\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n   <span class=\"favorite-tooltip\" id=\"favorite-tooltip\"><\/span>\n  <\/div>\n  <span class=\"sr-only\" role=\"status\" id=\"favorite-status\"><\/span>\n<\/div><\/div><form action=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/kimya\/donma-noktasi-dusmesi-hesaplama\/\" method=\"POST\" class=\"calculator\" id=\"calculator-3811\" data-post=\"3811\"><fieldset class=\"fieldset-input is-1\"><legend class=\"sr-only\">Giri\u015f alanlar\u0131<\/legend><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-1\"><label for=\"field-1\">Molalite (m)<\/label><div class=\"term\">m<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><input type=\"text\" name=\"molalite_m\" id=\"field-1\" aria-describedby=\"calc-unit-1 calc-info-1\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" placeholder=\"e.g. 1\" min=\"0\" value=\"1\"\/><div class=\"unit\" id=\"calc-unit-1\">mol\/kg<\/div><small id=\"calc-info-1\">\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnen mol say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn kilogram\u0131na oran\u0131 (molarite de\u011fil!)<\/small><\/div><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-2\"><label for=\"field-2\">Donma noktas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fme sabiti (Kf)<\/label><div class=\"term\">Kf<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><input type=\"text\" name=\"donma_noktas_dme_sabiti_kf\" id=\"field-2\" aria-describedby=\"calc-unit-2 calc-info-2\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" placeholder=\"e.g. 1.86\" min=\"0.0001\" value=\"1.86\"\/><div class=\"unit\" id=\"calc-unit-2\">\u00b0C\u00b7kg\/mol<\/div><small id=\"calc-info-2\">\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn kriyoskopik sabiti (su: 1,86 \u00b0C\u00b7kg\/mol)<\/small><\/div><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-3\"><label for=\"field-3\">van &#039;t Hoff \u00e7arpan\u0131 (i)<\/label><div class=\"term\">i<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><input type=\"text\" name=\"van_t_hoff_arpan_i\" id=\"field-3\" aria-describedby=\"calc-info-3\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" placeholder=\"e.g. 1\" min=\"0.1\" value=\"2\"\/><small id=\"calc-info-3\">Bir form\u00fcl biriminden olu\u015fan tanecik say\u0131s\u0131 (\u015feker i\u00e7in \u22481, NaCl i\u00e7in \u22482, CaCl\u2082 i\u00e7in \u22483)<\/small><\/div><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-4\"><label for=\"field-4\">Saf \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn donma noktas\u0131 (Tf\u2070)<\/label><div class=\"term\">Tf\u2070<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><div class=\"field-group\"><input type=\"number\" name=\"saf_zcnn_donma_noktas_tf\" id=\"field-4\" aria-describedby=\"calc-info-4\" placeholder=\"e.g. 0\" step=\"0.01\" value=\"0\"\/><div class=\"grid grid-cols-1\"><select id=\"field-5\" name=\"birim\" aria-label=\"Birim\"><option value=\"c\" selected>\u00b0C<\/option><option value=\"f\">\u00b0F<\/option><\/select><svg class=\"pointer-events-none col-start-1 row-start-1 mr-2 size-5 self-center justify-self-end text-gray-500 sm:size-4\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-slot=\"icon\">\n              <path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4.22 6.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 8.94l2.72-2.72a.75.75 0 1 1 1.06 1.06l-3.25 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L4.22 7.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" \/>\n            <\/svg><\/div><\/div><small id=\"calc-info-4\">Saf \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn donma noktas\u0131 (su: 0 \u00b0C \/ 32 \u00b0F)<\/small><\/div><\/fieldset><div class=\"buttons\"><button type=\"submit\" data-text=\"Yeniden hesapla\" id=\"calculate-button\" data-post=\"3811\">Hesapla<\/button><button type=\"reset\">S\u0131f\u0131rla<\/button><\/div><div class=\"field is-checkbox hidden!\" id=\"field-auto-calc\"><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"auto-calc\"><label for=\"auto-calc\">Otomatik hesapla<\/label><small>Etkinle\u015ftirilirse, herhangi bir de\u011feri de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011finizde sonu\u00e7 otomatik olarak g\u00fcncellenir.<\/small><\/div><div class=\"fieldset-result is-hidden\" aria-labelledby=\"result-title\" aria-live=\"polite\" role=\"region\"> <h3 class=\"result-title bg-gradient-to-r from-primary-50 to-gray-50 dark:from-primary-900 dark:to-gray-800\" id=\"result-title\"><span class=\"icon icon-s-pulse\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span> Donma Noktas\u0131 Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h3><div class=\"result-box\"><div class=\"field-result\" id=\"output-1\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Donma noktas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fmesi (\u0394Tf)<\/span><span class=\"result-term\">\u0394Tf<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-1\" data-unit=\"\u00b0C\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Sonucu kopyala\" aria-label=\"Sonucu kopyala\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"field-result\" id=\"output-2\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>\u00c7\u00f6zeltinin donma noktas\u0131<\/span><span class=\"result-term\">Tf<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-2\" data-unit=\"\u00b0C\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Sonucu kopyala\" aria-label=\"Sonucu kopyala\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"field-result\" id=\"output-3\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>\u00c7\u00f6zeltinin donma noktas\u0131<\/span><span class=\"result-term\">Tf<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-3\" data-unit=\"\u00b0F\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Sonucu kopyala\" aria-label=\"Sonucu kopyala\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div><div class=\"result-actions\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-link\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M12.232 4.232a2.5 2.5 0 0 1 3.536 3.536l-1.225 1.224a.75.75 0 0 0 1.061 1.06l1.224-1.224a4 4 0 0 0-5.656-5.656l-3 3a4 4 0 0 0 .225 5.865.75.75 0 0 0 .977-1.138 2.5 2.5 0 0 1-.142-3.667l3-3Z\"\/><path d=\"M11.603 7.963a.75.75 0 0 0-.977 1.138 2.5 2.5 0 0 1 .142 3.667l-3 3a2.5 2.5 0 0 1-3.536-3.536l1.225-1.224a.75.75 0 0 0-1.061-1.06l-1.224 1.224a4 4 0 1 0 5.656 5.656l3-3a4 4 0 0 0-.225-5.865Z\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"copy-link__text\">Bu hesaplaman\u0131n ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kopyala<\/span><\/button><span class=\"sr-only\" role=\"status\" id=\"copy-link-status\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><a href=\"#respond\" class=\"hidden transition-opacity duration-300 opacity-0 w-50 text-sm justify-center items-center gap-2 px-4 py-2 rounded bg-gray-200 text-gray-700 hover:bg-gray-300\" id=\"leave-comment\"><span class=\"icon icon-comments\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Yorum b\u0131rak<\/a><\/form><\/section><section id=\"calc-reactions\" class=\"not-prose hidden my-12 bg-gradient-to-r from-primary-50 to-gray-50 border border-indigo-100 rounded-xl px-6 py-4 shadow-sm\" data-post=\"3811\" aria-live=\"polite\" aria-labelledby=\"calc-reactions-title\"><p id=\"calc-reactions-title\" class=\"text-sm text-gray-500 text-center mb-2\">Bu sonu\u00e7 hakk\u0131nda ne d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorsunuz?<\/p><div role=\"group\" aria-labelledby=\"calc-reactions-title\" class=\"grid grid-cols-3 sm:flex sm:flex-row sm:justify-around gap-4 sm:items-center sm:flex-wrap\"><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"like\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"like\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\ude00 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Be\u011fendim <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"helpful\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"helpful\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\udca1 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Faydal\u0131 <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"confused\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"confused\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\ude15 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Kafam kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131 <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"disappointed\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"disappointed\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\ude1e <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"inaccurate\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"inaccurate\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u274c <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Hatal\u0131 <\/span><\/button><\/div><div id=\"reaction-message\" class=\"hidden mt-8 rounded-md border border-primary-100 bg-white\/50 backdrop-blur-sm px-4 py-2 text-sm text-center shadow-sm\"><\/div><\/section><div class=\"calcdash-ad not-prose calcdash-ad--calc_result calcdash-ad--in-article\"><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-1721569815777345\" data-ad-slot=\"6317458308\" data-ad-layout=\"in-article\" data-ad-format=\"fluid\"><\/ins><script>(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});<\/script><\/div>\n<style id=\"wpcoderpro-inline-1\">.formula-box {\r\n\tborder-bottom: none !important;\r\n}<\/style><section class=\"formula-box\" aria-labelledby=\"formula-title\">\r\n\t<div id=\"formula-title\" class=\"not-prose font-display mb-4\"><span class=\"icon icon-formula\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2>Donma Noktas\u0131 D\u00fc\u015fmesi Form\u00fcl\u00fc<\/h2><\/div>\r\n\t<figure class=\"not-prose formula\">\r\n\t\t<figcaption class=\"formula-title\">Form\u00fcl<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<div class=\"text-base text-gray-800\" id=\"formula\">\n\\[ \\Delta T_f = i \\cdot K_f \\cdot m \\\\ T_f = T_f^0 - \\Delta T_f \\\\[4pt] T_f = T_f^0 - i \\cdot K_f \\cdot m\n\\]\n<\/div>\r\n\t<\/figure>\r\n\t<\/p>\n<p><strong>Buradaki:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\\(\\Delta T_f\\) \u2014 donma noktas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fmesi, donma noktas\u0131n\u0131n ka\u00e7 derece al\u00e7ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 (\u00b0C)<\/li>\n<li>\\(i\\) \u2014 van 't Hoff fakt\u00f6r\u00fc: \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnenin her birim form\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcn olu\u015fturdu\u011fu par\u00e7ac\u0131k say\u0131s\u0131 (elektrolit olmayanlarda \u22481, NaCl'de \u22482, CaCl\u2082'de \u22483)<\/li>\n<li>\\(K_f\\) \u2014 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn kriyoskopik (donma noktas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fmesi) sabiti (\u00b0C\u00b7kg\/mol; su i\u00e7in 1,86)<\/li>\n<li>\\(m\\) \u2014 \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin molalitesi (kg \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc ba\u015f\u0131na mol \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen)<\/li>\n<li>\\(T_f^0\\) \u2014 saf \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn donma noktas\u0131 (\u00b0C; su i\u00e7in 0 \u00b0C)<\/li>\n<li>\\(T_f\\) \u2014 \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin donma noktas\u0131 (\u00b0C)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Form\u00fcl bir koligatif \u00f6zelli\u011fi ifade eder: donma noktas\u0131, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n deri\u015fimiyle do\u011fru orant\u0131l\u0131 olarak d\u00fc\u015fer; par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n kimyasal niteli\u011fi fark etmez.<\/p>\n<p>\r\n<\/section>\n<style id=\"wpcoderpro-inline-2\">.calculation-box {\r\n\tborder-bottom: none !important;\r\n}<\/style><section id=\"calculation\" class=\"calculation-box\" aria-labelledby=\"calculation-title\">\r\n\t<div id=\"calculation-title\" class=\"not-prose font-display\"><span class=\"icon icon-unordered-list\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2>Donma Noktas\u0131 D\u00fc\u015fmesi \u2013 \u00d6rnek Hesaplama<\/h2><\/div>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00d6rnek:<\/strong> sofra tuzu (NaCl) suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclerek 1 mol\/kg'l\u0131k \u00e7\u00f6zelti haz\u0131rlan\u0131yor. Suyun \\(K_f = 1.86\\) \u00b0C\u00b7kg\/mol'd\u00fcr ve su 0 \u00b0C'de donar; NaCl, Na\u207a ve Cl\u207b iyonlar\u0131na ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \\(i \\approx 2\\)'dir.<\/p>\n<p>\\[ \\Delta T_f = i \\cdot K_f \\cdot m = 2 \\times 1.86 \\times 1 = 3.72\\ \\text{\u00b0C} \\\\ T_f = T_f^0 - \\Delta T_f = 0 - 3.72 = -3.72\\ \\text{\u00b0C} \\\\ T_f = -3.72 \\times \\tfrac{9}{5} + 32 = 25.30\\ \\text{\u00b0F}<br \/>\n\\]<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sonu\u00e7:<\/strong> donma noktas\u0131 3,72 \u00b0C d\u00fc\u015fer; yani tuzlu su \u22123,72 \u00b0C'de (25,30 \u00b0F) donar.<\/p>\n<p>\n\r\n<\/section>\n<h2>Hesaplama Arac\u0131 Nas\u0131l Kullan\u0131l\u0131r?<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Molaliteyi (m)<\/strong> mol\/kg cinsinden girin. Bu, \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin litresi ba\u015f\u0131na de\u011fil, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn kilogram\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen mol say\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r \u2014 elinizde yaln\u0131zca molarite varsa \u00f6nce d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcn (bkz. <a href=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/chemistry\/molality-calculator\/\">molalite hesaplama arac\u0131<\/a>).<\/li>\n<li>\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fcn <strong>Donma Noktas\u0131 D\u00fc\u015fmesi Sabitini (Kf)<\/strong> \u00b0C\u00b7kg\/mol cinsinden girin. Su i\u00e7in 1,86 kullan\u0131n; di\u011fer yayg\u0131n de\u011ferler a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da listelenmi\u015ftir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>van 't Hoff Fakt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc (i)<\/strong> girin: \u015feker veya etanol i\u00e7in yakla\u015f\u0131k 1, NaCl i\u00e7in 2, CaCl\u2082 i\u00e7in 3. \u0130deal de\u011ferler ger\u00e7ek tuzlar i\u00e7in yaln\u0131zca yakla\u015f\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Saf \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn Donma Noktas\u0131n\u0131 (Tf\u2070)<\/strong> girin ve birim a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r men\u00fcs\u00fcnden \u00b0C veya \u00b0F se\u00e7in. Su i\u00e7in 0 \u00b0C (32 \u00b0F).<\/li>\n<li>Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 okuyun: d\u00fc\u015fme miktar\u0131 \\(\\Delta T_f\\), \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin donma noktas\u0131 \u00b0C cinsinden ve ayn\u0131 de\u011ferin \u00b0F kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Donma Noktas\u0131 D\u00fc\u015fmesi Nedir?<\/h2>\n<p>Donma noktas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fmesi bir koligatif \u00f6zelliktir: bir s\u0131v\u0131ya \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, s\u0131v\u0131 saf \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcden daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir s\u0131cakl\u0131kta donar. Etki yaln\u0131zca \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n <em>say\u0131s\u0131na<\/em> ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r, ne olduklar\u0131na de\u011fil. Ayn\u0131 miktarda suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen bir mol \u015feker molek\u00fcl\u00fc ile bir mol alkol molek\u00fcl\u00fc donma noktas\u0131n\u0131 tam olarak ayn\u0131 miktarda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>Bunun nedeni termodinamiktir. Saf bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc, kat\u0131 ve s\u0131v\u0131 fazlar\u0131n\u0131n kimyasal potansiyelleri e\u015fitlendi\u011finde donar. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen, s\u0131v\u0131 faz\u0131n kimyasal potansiyelini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr (entropiyi art\u0131r\u0131r) ama \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnenin yerle\u015femedi\u011fi kat\u0131 faz\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmez. Bu y\u00fczden denge, kat\u0131n\u0131n daha az kararl\u0131 oldu\u011fu daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir s\u0131cakl\u0131kta yeniden kurulur. Ayn\u0131 entropi arg\u00fcman\u0131, seyreltik \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerin neden daha y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131kta kaynad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 (kaynama noktas\u0131 y\u00fckselmesi) ve bir membran boyunca <a href=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/chemistry\/osmotic-pressure-calculator\/\">ozmotik bas\u0131n\u00e7<\/a> olu\u015fturdu\u011funu da a\u00e7\u0131klar.<\/p>\n<p>Elektrolitlerde her birim form\u00fcl birka\u00e7 iyona ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in etkili par\u00e7ac\u0131k say\u0131s\u0131 van 't Hoff fakt\u00f6r\u00fc \\(i\\) ile \u00e7arp\u0131l\u0131r. NaCl ideal olarak \\(i = 2\\) (Na\u207a + Cl\u207b), CaCl\u2082 ise \\(i = 3\\) verir; kalsiyum klor\u00fcr\u00fcn mol ba\u015f\u0131na kaya tuzundan daha etkili bir yol buz \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc olmas\u0131n\u0131n nedeni de budur. Ger\u00e7ek \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerde iyon e\u015fle\u015fmesi \\(i\\)'yi ideal tam say\u0131n\u0131n biraz alt\u0131na indirir; \u00f6zellikle y\u00fcksek deri\u015fimlerde.<\/p>\n<p>Sonucu yorumlamak kolayd\u0131r: hesaplama arac\u0131 donma noktas\u0131n\u0131n ka\u00e7 derece d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc (\\(\\Delta T_f\\)) ve ger\u00e7ek yeni donma noktas\u0131n\u0131 verir. Daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir molalite, daha \u00e7ok ayr\u0131\u015fan bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen ya da daha b\u00fcy\u00fck \\(K_f\\)'li bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc, donma noktas\u0131n\u0131 daha da a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 \u00e7eker.<\/p>\n<h2>Yayg\u0131n \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fclerin Kriyoskopik Sabitleri<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc<\/th>\n<th>Normal donma noktas\u0131 (\u00b0C)<\/th>\n<th>Kf (\u00b0C\u00b7kg\/mol)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Su<\/td>\n<td>0,0<\/td>\n<td>1,86<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Benzen<\/td>\n<td>5,5<\/td>\n<td>5,12<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Kloroform<\/td>\n<td>\u221263,5<\/td>\n<td>4,68<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Asetik asit<\/td>\n<td>16,6<\/td>\n<td>3,90<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sikloheksan<\/td>\n<td>6,6<\/td>\n<td>20,0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Kafur<\/td>\n<td>179,8<\/td>\n<td>39,7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Varsay\u0131mlar, S\u0131n\u0131rlamalar ve Pratik \u0130pu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Molariteyi de\u011fil, molaliteyi kullan\u0131n.<\/strong> Koligatif form\u00fcller, s\u0131cakl\u0131ktan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olan \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn kilogram\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na mol say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 gerektirir. Deri\u015fiminiz mol\/L cinsindense, d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in <a href=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/chemistry\/molarity-calculator\/\">molarite hesaplama arac\u0131n\u0131<\/a> \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin yo\u011funlu\u011fuyla birlikte kullan\u0131n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Form\u00fcl yaln\u0131zca seyreltik \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler i\u00e7in tamd\u0131r.<\/strong> Y\u00fcksek deri\u015fimlerde iyon e\u015fle\u015fmesi, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen\u2013\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc etkile\u015fimleri ve ideald\u0131\u015f\u0131 davran\u0131\u015f, ger\u00e7ek donma noktas\u0131n\u0131 tahmin edilen de\u011ferden uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ger\u00e7ek van 't Hoff fakt\u00f6rleri ideal de\u011ferlerden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr.<\/strong> Deniz suyu deri\u015fimindeki NaCl, 2 de\u011fil \\(i \\approx 1.8\\)\u20131,9 gibi davran\u0131r. Hassas \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f bir de\u011fer kullan\u0131n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kontrol edin.<\/strong> Hesap, t\u00fcm \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnenin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 varsayar. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131kta tuz \u00e7\u00f6kerse molalite doyma s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda kal\u0131r ve o \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen donma noktas\u0131n\u0131 daha fazla d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcremez.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sulu olmayan \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fclerde birimlere dikkat edin.<\/strong> Tablolardaki \\(K_f\\) de\u011ferleri neredeyse her zaman \u00b0C\u00b7kg\/mol, normal donma noktalar\u0131 ise \u00b0C cinsindendir; tutarl\u0131l\u0131k i\u00e7in bunlar\u0131 \u00b0C olarak girin.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Klasik uygulama:<\/strong> bu denklem, bilinmeyen \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnenlerin mol k\u00fctlelerini bulmak i\u00e7in ters y\u00f6nde de \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ve Kf de\u011ferlerinin kendileri de bilinen \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerden \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Molalite, kriyoskopik sabit (Kf) ve van 't Hoff fakt\u00f6r\u00fcnden \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin donma noktas\u0131n\u0131 hesaplay\u0131n. De\u011ferlerinizi girin; d\u00fc\u015fme miktar\u0131 \u0394Tf ve yeni donma noktas\u0131 \u00b0C ve \u00b0F cinsinden kar\u015f\u0131n\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3168,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[69],"class_list":["post-3811","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kimya","tag-stokiyometri"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3811","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3168"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3811"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3811\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3811"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3811"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3811"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}