{"id":3946,"date":"2026-10-14T17:15:22","date_gmt":"2026-10-14T16:15:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/kimya\/koi-hesaplama-araci\/"},"modified":"2026-10-14T17:15:22","modified_gmt":"2026-10-14T16:15:22","slug":"koi-hesaplama-araci","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/kimya\/koi-hesaplama-araci\/","title":{"rendered":"Kimyasal Oksijen \u0130htiyac\u0131 (KO\u0130) Hesaplama Arac\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"not-prose calculator-box\" aria-labelledby=\"calculator-title\"><div class=\"flex items-baseline sm:items-center justify-between gap-2 sm:gap-3\"><div class=\"flex flex-col sm:flex-row sm:items-center gap-2\"><span class=\"icon icon-calculator text-primary-700! text-base! dark:text-primary-300!\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 id=\"calculator-title\" class=\"text-lg font-display font-bold\">K\u00f6r ve numune titrasyonundan KO\u0130 hesaplama<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"calcdash-favorite group\">\n  <button type=\"button\" class=\"favorite\" id=\"favorite\" data-favorite-id=\"3946\" data-favorite-title=\"Kimyasal Oksijen \u0130htiyac\u0131\" data-favorite-url=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/kimya\/koi-hesaplama-araci\/\" data-favorite-excerpt=\"Dikromat geri titrasyonu y\u00f6ntemiyle bir su \u00f6rne\u011finin kimyasal oksijen ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 (KO\u0130) hesaplay\u0131n. K\u00f6r ve \u00f6rnek FAS titrasyon hacimlerini, titrant\u0131n normalitesini ve \u00f6rnek hacmini girin; sonucu O\u2082 cinsinden mg\/L olarak al\u0131n.\" aria-label=\"Favorilere ekle\" data-favorite-icon=\"icon icon-chemistry-1\">\n    <span class=\"icon icon-shape-star-empty\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n  <\/button>\n  <div class=\"calcdash-favorite__tip\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n   <span class=\"favorite-tooltip\" id=\"favorite-tooltip\"><\/span>\n  <\/div>\n  <span class=\"sr-only\" role=\"status\" id=\"favorite-status\"><\/span>\n<\/div><\/div><form action=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/kimya\/koi-hesaplama-araci\/\" method=\"POST\" class=\"calculator\" id=\"calculator-3946\" data-post=\"3946\"><fieldset class=\"fieldset-input is-2\"><legend class=\"sr-only\">Giri\u015f alanlar\u0131<\/legend><div class=\"is-single field\" id=\"input-1\"><span class=\"font-semibold\">Titrant\u0131n (FAS) titrasyon hacimleri<\/span><\/div><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-2\"><label for=\"field-2\">K\u00f6r titrasyon hacmi (Vb)<\/label><div class=\"term\">Vb<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><input type=\"text\" name=\"kr_titrasyon_hacmi_vb\" id=\"field-2\" aria-describedby=\"calc-unit-2 calc-info-2\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" placeholder=\"e.g. 25.0\" min=\"0\" value=\"25\"\/><div class=\"unit\" id=\"calc-unit-2\">mL<\/div><small id=\"calc-info-2\">K\u00f6r\u00fc titre etmek i\u00e7in harcanan FAS (demir(II) amonyum s\u00fclfat) miktar\u0131, mL cinsinden \u2014 oksijen ihtiyac\u0131 bulunmayan distile su referans\u0131d\u0131r.<\/small><\/div><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-3\"><label for=\"field-3\">Numune titrasyon hacmi (Vs)<\/label><div class=\"term\">Vs<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><input type=\"text\" name=\"numune_titrasyon_hacmi_vs\" id=\"field-3\" aria-describedby=\"calc-unit-3 calc-info-3\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" placeholder=\"e.g. 20.5\" min=\"0\" value=\"20.5\"\/><div class=\"unit\" id=\"calc-unit-3\">mL<\/div><small id=\"calc-info-3\">Sindirilmi\u015f numuneyi titre etmek i\u00e7in harcanan FAS miktar\u0131 (mL). Numune dikromat\u0131 t\u00fcketti\u011finden bu hacim k\u00f6rden k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcr.<\/small><\/div><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-4\"><label for=\"field-4\">Titrant normalitesi (N)<\/label><div class=\"term\">N<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><input type=\"text\" name=\"titrant_normalitesi_n\" id=\"field-4\" aria-describedby=\"calc-unit-4 calc-info-4\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" placeholder=\"e.g. 0.1\" min=\"0\" value=\"0.1\"\/><div class=\"unit\" id=\"calc-unit-4\">N<\/div><small id=\"calc-info-4\">Demir(II) amonyum s\u00fclfat titrant\u0131n\u0131n normalitesi; kullan\u0131m g\u00fcn\u00fcnde k\u00f6re kar\u015f\u0131 standardize edilir (genellikle \u2248 0,1 N).<\/small><\/div><div class=\"is-single field\" id=\"input-5\"><span class=\"font-semibold\">Numune<\/span><\/div><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-6\"><label for=\"field-6\">Numune hacmi (S)<\/label><div class=\"term\">S<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><input type=\"text\" name=\"numune_hacmi_s\" id=\"field-6\" aria-describedby=\"calc-unit-6 calc-info-6\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" placeholder=\"e.g. 20\" min=\"0\" value=\"20\"\/><div class=\"unit\" id=\"calc-unit-6\">mL<\/div><small id=\"calc-info-6\">Geri ak\u0131\u015f balonuna eklenen orijinal su numunesinin hacmi (genellikle 10 mL 0,25 N K\u2082Cr\u2082O\u2087 ile birlikte 20 mL).<\/small><\/div><\/fieldset><div class=\"buttons\"><button type=\"submit\" data-text=\"Yeniden hesapla\" id=\"calculate-button\" data-post=\"3946\">Hesapla<\/button><button type=\"reset\">S\u0131f\u0131rla<\/button><\/div><div class=\"field is-checkbox hidden!\" id=\"field-auto-calc\"><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"auto-calc\"><label for=\"auto-calc\">Otomatik hesapla<\/label><small>Etkinle\u015ftirilirse, herhangi bir de\u011feri de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011finizde sonu\u00e7 otomatik olarak g\u00fcncellenir.<\/small><\/div><div class=\"fieldset-result is-hidden\" aria-labelledby=\"result-title\" aria-live=\"polite\" role=\"region\"> <h3 class=\"result-title bg-gradient-to-r from-primary-50 to-gray-50 dark:from-primary-900 dark:to-gray-800\" id=\"result-title\"><span class=\"icon icon-s-pulse\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span> KO\u0130 titrasyonu sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h3><div class=\"result-box\"><div class=\"field-result\" id=\"output-1\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Kimyasal oksijen ihtiyac\u0131 (KO\u0130)<\/span><span class=\"result-term\">KO\u0130<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-1\" data-unit=\"mg\/L (O\u2082 olarak)\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Sonucu kopyala\" aria-label=\"Sonucu kopyala\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"field-result is-column\" id=\"output-2\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Hesaplama ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-2\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Sonucu kopyala\" aria-label=\"Sonucu kopyala\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"field-result is-column\" id=\"output-3\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>KO\u0130 titrasyon y\u00f6ntemi hakk\u0131nda<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-3\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Sonucu kopyala\" aria-label=\"Sonucu kopyala\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div><div class=\"result-actions\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-link\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M12.232 4.232a2.5 2.5 0 0 1 3.536 3.536l-1.225 1.224a.75.75 0 0 0 1.061 1.06l1.224-1.224a4 4 0 0 0-5.656-5.656l-3 3a4 4 0 0 0 .225 5.865.75.75 0 0 0 .977-1.138 2.5 2.5 0 0 1-.142-3.667l3-3Z\"\/><path d=\"M11.603 7.963a.75.75 0 0 0-.977 1.138 2.5 2.5 0 0 1 .142 3.667l-3 3a2.5 2.5 0 0 1-3.536-3.536l1.225-1.224a.75.75 0 0 0-1.061-1.06l-1.224 1.224a4 4 0 1 0 5.656 5.656l3-3a4 4 0 0 0-.225-5.865Z\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"copy-link__text\">Bu hesaplaman\u0131n ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kopyala<\/span><\/button><span class=\"sr-only\" role=\"status\" id=\"copy-link-status\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><a href=\"#respond\" class=\"hidden transition-opacity duration-300 opacity-0 w-50 text-sm justify-center items-center gap-2 px-4 py-2 rounded bg-gray-200 text-gray-700 hover:bg-gray-300\" id=\"leave-comment\"><span class=\"icon icon-comments\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Yorum b\u0131rak<\/a><\/form><\/section><section id=\"calc-reactions\" class=\"not-prose hidden my-12 bg-gradient-to-r from-primary-50 to-gray-50 border border-indigo-100 rounded-xl px-6 py-4 shadow-sm\" data-post=\"3946\" aria-live=\"polite\" aria-labelledby=\"calc-reactions-title\"><p id=\"calc-reactions-title\" class=\"text-sm text-gray-500 text-center mb-2\">Bu sonu\u00e7 hakk\u0131nda ne d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorsunuz?<\/p><div role=\"group\" aria-labelledby=\"calc-reactions-title\" class=\"grid grid-cols-3 sm:flex sm:flex-row sm:justify-around gap-4 sm:items-center sm:flex-wrap\"><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"like\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"like\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\ude00 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Be\u011fendim <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"helpful\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"helpful\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\udca1 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Faydal\u0131 <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"confused\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"confused\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\ude15 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Kafam kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131 <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"disappointed\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"disappointed\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\ude1e <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"inaccurate\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"inaccurate\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u274c <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Hatal\u0131 <\/span><\/button><\/div><div id=\"reaction-message\" class=\"hidden mt-8 rounded-md border border-primary-100 bg-white\/50 backdrop-blur-sm px-4 py-2 text-sm text-center shadow-sm\"><\/div><\/section><div class=\"calcdash-ad not-prose calcdash-ad--calc_result calcdash-ad--in-article\"><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-1721569815777345\" data-ad-slot=\"6317458308\" data-ad-layout=\"in-article\" data-ad-format=\"fluid\"><\/ins><script>(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});<\/script><\/div>\n<style id=\"wpcoderpro-inline-1\">.formula-box {\r\n\tborder-bottom: none !important;\r\n}<\/style><section class=\"formula-box\" aria-labelledby=\"formula-title\">\r\n\t<div id=\"formula-title\" class=\"not-prose font-display mb-4\"><span class=\"icon icon-formula\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2>Kimyasal Oksijen \u0130htiyac\u0131 Form\u00fcl\u00fc<\/h2><\/div>\r\n\t<figure class=\"not-prose formula\">\r\n\t\t<figcaption class=\"formula-title\">Form\u00fcl<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<div class=\"text-base text-gray-800\" id=\"formula\">\n\\[ \\text{KO\u0130}\\ (\\text{mg\/L O}_2\\ \\text{olarak}) = \\frac{(V_b - V_s) \\times N \\times 8000}{S} \\]\n<\/div>\r\n\t<\/figure>\r\n\t<\/p>\n<p><strong>Buradaki de\u011fi\u015fkenler:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\\(V_b\\) \u2014 k\u00f6r titrasyon hacmi, saf su k\u00f6r\u00fcne harcanan FAS miktar\u0131 (mL)<\/li>\n<li>\\(V_s\\) \u2014 \u00f6rnek titrasyon hacmi, sindirilmi\u015f \u00f6rne\u011fe harcanan FAS miktar\u0131 (mL)<\/li>\n<li>\\(N\\) \u2014 demir(II) amonyum s\u00fclfat (FAS) titrant\u0131n\u0131n normalitesi (eq\/L)<\/li>\n<li>\\(S\\) \u2014 geri so\u011futuculu balona eklenen \u00f6zg\u00fcn su \u00f6rne\u011finin hacmi (mL)<\/li>\n<li>\\(8000\\) \u2014 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm \u00e7arpan\u0131: 8 mg\/meq (O\u2082'nin miliekivalent a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131) \u00d7 1000 mL\/L<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Form\u00fcl, k\u00f6r ve \u00f6rnek titrasyonlar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki fark\u0131, sindirim s\u0131ras\u0131nda dikromat\u0131 t\u00fcketen organik maddenin oksijen e\u015fde\u011ferine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>\r\n<\/section>\n<style id=\"wpcoderpro-inline-2\">.calculation-box {\r\n\tborder-bottom: none !important;\r\n}<\/style><section id=\"calculation\" class=\"calculation-box\" aria-labelledby=\"calculation-title\">\r\n\t<div id=\"calculation-title\" class=\"not-prose font-display\"><span class=\"icon icon-unordered-list\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2>Kimyasal oksijen ihtiyac\u0131 \u2013 hesaplama \u00f6rne\u011fi<\/h2><\/div>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00d6rnek:<\/strong> bir at\u0131ksu \u00f6rne\u011fi dikromatla geri so\u011futucu alt\u0131nda kaynat\u0131l\u0131yor. K\u00f6r, 25,0 mL 0,1 N FAS; sindirilmi\u015f \u00f6rnek 20,5 mL FAS \u00e7ekiyor; \u00f6rnek hacmi ise 20 mL.<\/p>\n<p>\\[ \\text{KO\u0130} = \\frac{(25 - 20.5) \\times 0.1 \\times 8000}{20} \\]<\/p>\n<p>\\[ \\text{KO\u0130} = \\frac{4.5 \\times 0.1 \\times 8000}{20} = 180 \\ \\text{mg\/L O}_2\\ \\text{olarak} \\]<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sonu\u00e7:<\/strong> O\u2082 cinsinden 180 mg\/L \u2014 orta y\u00fckteki bir at\u0131ksu ak\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in tipik bir de\u011fer.<\/p>\n<p>\n\r\n<\/section>\n<h2>KO\u0130 Hesaplama Arac\u0131 Nas\u0131l Kullan\u0131l\u0131r?<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>K\u00f6r titrasyon hacmini (Vb)<\/strong> mL cinsinden girin \u2014 kaynatma sonras\u0131nda saf su k\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc titre etmek i\u00e7in gereken FAS miktar\u0131.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00d6rnek titrasyon hacmini (Vs)<\/strong> mL cinsinden girin \u2014 sindirilmi\u015f \u00f6rne\u011fi titre etmek i\u00e7in gereken FAS miktar\u0131. Bu de\u011fer k\u00f6r hacminden k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya da ona e\u015fit olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Titrant normalitesini (N)<\/strong> girin \u2014 FAS \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinin normalitesi; kullan\u0131m g\u00fcn\u00fcnde standartla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r (genellikle yakla\u015f\u0131k 0,1 N).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00d6rnek hacmini (S)<\/strong> mL cinsinden girin \u2014 geri so\u011futuculu balona konan \u00f6zg\u00fcn su \u00f6rne\u011finin hacmi (\u00e7o\u011funlukla 20 mL).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kimyasal oksijen ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 (KO\u0130)<\/strong> O\u2082 cinsinden mg\/L olarak okuyun; hesaplaman\u0131n ad\u0131m ad\u0131m d\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc de g\u00f6receksiniz.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Kimyasal oksijen ihtiyac\u0131 nedir?<\/h2>\n<p>Kimyasal oksijen ihtiyac\u0131 (KO\u0130), bir su \u00f6rne\u011finde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f veya ask\u0131da halde bulunan organik \u2014 ve k\u0131smen inorganik \u2014 maddenin kimyasal olarak y\u00fckseltgenmesi i\u00e7in gereken toplam oksijen miktar\u0131n\u0131n bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcr. At\u0131ksu ar\u0131tma, end\u00fcstriyel de\u015farj izleme ve nehir kirlili\u011fi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda en yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131lan su kalitesi g\u00f6stergelerinden biridir: KO\u0130 ne kadar y\u00fcksekse, suda o kadar \u00e7ok y\u00fckseltgenebilir kirletic\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Standart dikromat y\u00f6nteminde (APHA Standart Metotlar 5220B, ISO 6060) \u00f6rnek, kuvvetli asitli ortamda, kataliz\u00f6r olarak g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f s\u00fclfat varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bilinen bir fazla miktarda potasyum dikromatla (K\u2082Cr\u2082O\u2087) yakla\u015f\u0131k iki saat geri so\u011futucu alt\u0131nda kaynat\u0131l\u0131r. Y\u00fckseltgenebilir madde, Cr\u2082O\u2087\u00b2\u207b'yi Cr\u00b3\u207a'a indirir. Sindirimden sonra kalan dikromat, ferroin indikat\u00f6r\u00fc kullan\u0131larak demir(II) amonyum s\u00fclfatla (FAS) geri titre edilir.<\/p>\n<p>Hesaplaman\u0131n anahtar\u0131, iki titrasyon hacmi aras\u0131ndaki farkt\u0131r. K\u00f6rde oksijen ihtiyac\u0131 olu\u015fturan madde bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan t\u00fcm dikromat kal\u0131r ve tamam\u0131n\u0131 titre etmek i\u00e7in tam miktarda FAS gerekir. \u00d6rnek ise dikromat\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 t\u00fcketti\u011finden <em>daha az<\/em> FAS gerekir. \\(V_b - V_s\\) fark\u0131n\u0131n titrant normalitesiyle \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131, t\u00fcketilen dikromat\u0131n miliekivalentini verir \u2014 bu da y\u00fckseltgenen maddenin oksijen e\u015fde\u011ferinin ta kendisidir.<\/p>\n<p>8000 \u00e7arpan\u0131 bir a\u00e7\u0131klamay\u0131 hak ediyor. Oksijen (M = 32 g\/mol) molek\u00fcl ba\u015f\u0131na 4 elektron al\u0131r; e\u015fde\u011fer a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu nedenle 32\/4 = 8 g\/eq, yani miliekivalent ba\u015f\u0131na 8 mg'd\u0131r. 1000 ile \u00e7arpma, titrasyonun mL ba\u015f\u0131na temelini litre ba\u015f\u0131na \u00e7evirir. Sonu\u00e7 bu y\u00fczden <strong>O\u2082 cinsinden mg\/L<\/strong> olarak raporlan\u0131r; oysa testte ger\u00e7ekte hi\u00e7 oksijen t\u00fcketilmez.<\/p>\n<h2>Sonucun yorumlanmas\u0131<\/h2>\n<p>Baz\u0131 referans de\u011ferler bir KO\u0130 say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131na oturtmaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur: temiz nehir suyu genellikle 5\u201330 mg\/L g\u00f6sterir; iyi ar\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kentsel de\u015farj suyu 30\u2013100 mg\/L; ar\u0131t\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f evsel at\u0131ksu 300\u2013600 mg\/L; baz\u0131 end\u00fcstriyel at\u0131klar ise birka\u00e7 bin mg\/L'yi a\u015fabilir. De\u015farj izinlerinde genellikle azami KO\u0130 belirtilir; bu nedenle sonu\u00e7 \u00e7o\u011fu zaman do\u011frudan bir mevzuat s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>KO\u0130, biyokimyasal oksijen ihtiyac\u0131ndan (BO\u0130) farkl\u0131d\u0131r: KO\u0130, bakterilerin ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131ramad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bile\u015fikler dahil, kimyasal olarak y\u00fckseltgenebilen her \u015feyi \u00f6l\u00e7er ve BO\u0130\u2085 i\u00e7in gereken 5 g\u00fcn yerine yaln\u0131zca birka\u00e7 saat s\u00fcrer. \u00c7o\u011fu at\u0131ksuda KO\u0130\/BO\u0130 oran\u0131 1,5 ile 3 aras\u0131ndad\u0131r; belirli bir de\u015farj suyu i\u00e7in bu oran bir kez belirlendi\u011finde, KO\u0130 \u00e7o\u011fu zaman BO\u0130'nin h\u0131zl\u0131 bir tahmini olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h2>Varsay\u0131mlar, s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar ve pratik ipu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Titrant\u0131n standartla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131:<\/strong> FAS normalitesi, kullan\u0131m g\u00fcn\u00fcnde k\u00f6r veya bir birincil standartla do\u011frulanmal\u0131d\u0131r; FAS depolama s\u0131ras\u0131nda yava\u015f\u00e7a y\u00fckseltgenir. Standartla\u015ft\u0131rma, \u00f6rnek titrasyonuyla ayn\u0131 d\u00fczenekte yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00d6rnek k\u00f6rden daha az titrant t\u00fcketmelidir:<\/strong> \\(V_s &gt; V_b\\) ise bir terslik var demektir \u2014 \u00f6rnek sindirilmemi\u015ftir, hacimler kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ya da titrasyon son noktas\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Klor\u00fcr giri\u015fimi:<\/strong> klor\u00fcr iyonlar\u0131 dikromat taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fckseltgenir ve sonucu \u015fi\u015firir. Klor\u00fcr\u00fc komplekslemek i\u00e7in c\u0131va s\u00fclfat eklenir; ancak yakla\u015f\u0131k 2000 mg\/L Cl\u207b \u00fczerinde \u00f6rnek seyreltilmelidir. C\u0131va i\u00e7eren at\u0131klar\u0131n tehlikeli at\u0131k olarak elle\u00e7lenmesi ve bertaraf edilmesi gerekti\u011fini unutmay\u0131n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Eksik y\u00fckseltgenme:<\/strong> piridin ve benzeri azotlu heterohalkalar ile baz\u0131 d\u00fcz zincirli alifatik bile\u015fikler, g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f kataliz\u00f6r varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bile tamamen y\u00fckseltgenemez. Geri so\u011futucu d\u00fczenek ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131yorsa u\u00e7ucu bile\u015fikler de kaybolabilir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Y\u00fcksek KO\u0130'li \u00f6rnekler:<\/strong> hesaplanan KO\u0130 yakla\u015f\u0131k 1000 mg\/L'yi a\u015f\u0131yorsa dikromat\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131 t\u00fckenmi\u015ftir ve art\u0131k fazlas\u0131 garanti edilemez. \u00d6rne\u011fi seyreltip \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc yineleyin.<\/li>\n<li><strong>S\u0131f\u0131r sonu\u00e7:<\/strong> k\u00f6r ve \u00f6rnek hacimlerinin e\u015fit olmas\u0131, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir dikromat t\u00fcketilmedi\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir. \u00c7ok temiz sularda bu ger\u00e7ek olabilir; ancak sindirimin tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frulamakta yarar var.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Di\u011fer analitik veya elektrokimyasal y\u00f6ntemlerin stokiyometrisi \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorsan\u0131z <a href=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/chemistry\/standard-cell-potential-calculator\/\">Standart H\u00fccre Potansiyeli Hesaplama Arac\u0131<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/chemistry\/solubility-product-ksp-calculator\/\">\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00c7arp\u0131m\u0131 Hesaplama Arac\u0131<\/a> veya <a href=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/chemistry\/chromatography-theoretical-plates-calculator\/\">Kromatografi Kuramsal Plaka Say\u0131s\u0131 Hesaplama Arac\u0131<\/a> da i\u015finize yarayabilir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dikromat geri titrasyonu y\u00f6ntemiyle bir su \u00f6rne\u011finin kimyasal oksijen ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 (KO\u0130) hesaplay\u0131n. K\u00f6r ve \u00f6rnek FAS titrasyon hacimlerini, titrant\u0131n normalitesini ve \u00f6rnek hacmini girin; sonucu O\u2082 cinsinden mg\/L olarak al\u0131n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3168,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[65],"class_list":["post-3946","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kimya","tag-reaksiyonlar"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3946","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3168"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3946"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3946\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3946"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3946"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3946"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}