{"id":3959,"date":"2026-10-14T19:19:58","date_gmt":"2026-10-14T18:19:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/kimya\/debye-huckel-aktivite-katsayisi\/"},"modified":"2026-10-14T19:19:58","modified_gmt":"2026-10-14T18:19:58","slug":"debye-huckel-aktivite-katsayisi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/kimya\/debye-huckel-aktivite-katsayisi\/","title":{"rendered":"Debye\u2013H\u00fcckel Aktivite Katsay\u0131s\u0131 Hesaplay\u0131c\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"not-prose calculator-box\" aria-labelledby=\"calculator-title\"><div class=\"flex items-baseline sm:items-center justify-between gap-2 sm:gap-3\"><div class=\"flex flex-col sm:flex-row sm:items-center gap-2\"><span class=\"icon icon-calculator text-primary-700! text-base! dark:text-primary-300!\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 id=\"calculator-title\" class=\"text-lg font-display font-bold\">\u0130yonik kuvvetten iyon aktivite katsay\u0131s\u0131 tahmini<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"calcdash-favorite group\">\n  <button type=\"button\" class=\"favorite\" id=\"favorite\" data-favorite-id=\"3959\" data-favorite-title=\"Debye\u2013H\u00fcckel Aktivite Katsay\u0131s\u0131\" data-favorite-url=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/kimya\/debye-huckel-aktivite-katsayisi\/\" data-favorite-excerpt=\"Debye\u2013H\u00fcckel limit yasas\u0131, geni\u015fletilmi\u015f denklem ya da Davies denklemiyle sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltideki bir iyonun aktivite katsay\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 tahmin edin. \u0130yonik \u015fiddet, iyon y\u00fck\u00fc ve s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 girin; \u03b3 ve log\u2081\u2080 \u03b3 de\u011ferlerini al\u0131n.\" aria-label=\"Favorilere ekle\" data-favorite-icon=\"icon icon-chemistry\">\n    <span class=\"icon icon-shape-star-empty\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n  <\/button>\n  <div class=\"calcdash-favorite__tip\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n   <span class=\"favorite-tooltip\" id=\"favorite-tooltip\"><\/span>\n  <\/div>\n  <span class=\"sr-only\" role=\"status\" id=\"favorite-status\"><\/span>\n<\/div><\/div><form action=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/kimya\/debye-huckel-aktivite-katsayisi\/\" method=\"POST\" class=\"calculator\" id=\"calculator-3959\" data-post=\"3959\"><fieldset class=\"fieldset-input is-2\"><legend class=\"sr-only\">Giri\u015f alanlar\u0131<\/legend><div class=\"field is-single\" id=\"input-1\"><label for=\"field-1\">Model<\/label><div class=\"grid grid-cols-1\"><select id=\"field-1\" name=\"model\"><option value=\"limiting\">Debye\u2013H\u00fcckel s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 yasa (I \u2264 0,01 M)<\/option><option value=\"extended\">Geni\u015fletilmi\u015f Debye\u2013H\u00fcckel denklemi (I \u2264 0,1 M)<\/option><option value=\"davies\" selected>Davies denklemi (I \u2264 0,5 M)<\/option><\/select><svg class=\"pointer-events-none col-start-1 row-start-1 mr-2 size-5 self-center justify-self-end text-gray-500 sm:size-4\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-slot=\"icon\">\n              <path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4.22 6.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 8.94l2.72-2.72a.75.75 0 1 1 1.06 1.06l-3.25 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L4.22 7.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" \/>\n            <\/svg><\/div><\/div><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-2\"><label for=\"field-2\">\u0130yonik kuvvet (I)<\/label><div class=\"term\">I<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><input type=\"text\" name=\"yonik_kuvvet_i\" id=\"field-2\" aria-describedby=\"calc-unit-2 calc-info-2\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" placeholder=\"e.g. 0.1\" min=\"0\" value=\"0.1\"\/><div class=\"unit\" id=\"calc-unit-2\">mol\/L<\/div><small id=\"calc-info-2\">\u00c7\u00f6zeltideki t\u00fcm iyonlar \u00fczerinden I = \u00bd \u03a3 c\u1d62z\u1d62\u00b2.<\/small><\/div><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-3\"><label for=\"field-3\">\u0130yon y\u00fck\u00fc (z)<\/label><div class=\"term\">z<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><input type=\"number\" name=\"yon_yk_z\" id=\"field-3\" aria-describedby=\"calc-info-3\" placeholder=\"\u00f6rn. 1, 2 veya -2\" step=\"any\" value=\"1\"\/><small id=\"calc-info-3\">Aktivite katsay\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 hesaplamak istedi\u011finiz iyonun y\u00fck\u00fc; \u00f6rne\u011fin Na\u207a i\u00e7in +1, SO\u2084\u00b2\u207b i\u00e7in \u22122. Yaln\u0131zca z\u00b2 kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan i\u015faretin \u00f6nemi yoktur.<\/small><\/div><div class=\"field is-single\" id=\"input-4\"><label for=\"field-4\">Su s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/label><div class=\"grid grid-cols-1\"><select id=\"field-4\" name=\"su_scakl\"><option value=\"t0\">0 \u00b0C<\/option><option value=\"t10\">10 \u00b0C<\/option><option value=\"t20\">20 \u00b0C<\/option><option value=\"t25\" selected>25 \u00b0C<\/option><option value=\"t30\">30 \u00b0C<\/option><option value=\"t40\">40 \u00b0C<\/option><option value=\"t50\">50 \u00b0C<\/option><option value=\"custom\">\u00d6zel A ve B sabitleri<\/option><\/select><svg class=\"pointer-events-none col-start-1 row-start-1 mr-2 size-5 self-center justify-self-end text-gray-500 sm:size-4\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-slot=\"icon\">\n              <path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4.22 6.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 8.94l2.72-2.72a.75.75 0 1 1 1.06 1.06l-3.25 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L4.22 7.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" \/>\n            <\/svg><\/div><\/div><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-5\" hidden><label for=\"field-5\">A sabiti<\/label><div class=\"term\">A<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><input type=\"text\" name=\"a_sabiti\" id=\"field-5\" aria-describedby=\"calc-info-5\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" placeholder=\"e.g. 0.509\" min=\"0\" value=\"0.509\"\/><small id=\"calc-info-5\">Kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc ve s\u0131cakl\u0131k i\u00e7in Debye\u2013H\u00fcckel A sabiti (25 \u00b0C&#039;de su i\u00e7in 0,509).<\/small><\/div><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-6\" hidden><label for=\"field-6\">B sabiti<\/label><div class=\"term\">B<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><input type=\"text\" name=\"b_sabiti\" id=\"field-6\" aria-describedby=\"calc-info-6\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" placeholder=\"e.g. 0.328\" min=\"0\" value=\"0.328\"\/><small id=\"calc-info-6\">Kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc ve s\u0131cakl\u0131k i\u00e7in Debye\u2013H\u00fcckel B sabiti (25 \u00b0C&#039;de su i\u00e7in 0,328).<\/small><\/div><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-7\" hidden><label for=\"field-7\">\u0130yon boyut parametresi (a)<\/label><div class=\"term\">a<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><input type=\"text\" name=\"yon_boyut_parametresi_a\" id=\"field-7\" aria-describedby=\"calc-unit-7 calc-info-7\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" placeholder=\"e.g. 4\" min=\"0\" value=\"4\"\/><div class=\"unit\" id=\"calc-unit-7\">\u00c5<\/div><small id=\"calc-info-7\">Geni\u015fletilmi\u015f denklemdaki etkin hidrate iyon \u00e7ap\u0131: K\u207a\/Cl\u207b\/NO\u2083\u207b i\u00e7in \u2248 3 \u00c5, Na\u207a\/Ca\u00b2\u207a i\u00e7in 4\u20135 \u00c5, H\u207a\/Mg\u00b2\u207a i\u00e7in 9\u201311 \u00c5&#039;ye kadar.<\/small><\/div><\/fieldset><div class=\"buttons\"><button type=\"submit\" data-text=\"Yeniden hesapla\" id=\"calculate-button\" data-post=\"3959\">Hesapla<\/button><button type=\"reset\">S\u0131f\u0131rla<\/button><\/div><div class=\"field is-checkbox hidden!\" id=\"field-auto-calc\"><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"auto-calc\"><label for=\"auto-calc\">Otomatik hesapla<\/label><small>Etkinle\u015ftirilirse, herhangi bir de\u011feri de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011finizde sonu\u00e7 otomatik olarak g\u00fcncellenir.<\/small><\/div><div class=\"fieldset-result is-hidden\" aria-labelledby=\"result-title\" aria-live=\"polite\" role=\"region\"> <h3 class=\"result-title bg-gradient-to-r from-primary-50 to-gray-50 dark:from-primary-900 dark:to-gray-800\" id=\"result-title\"><span class=\"icon icon-s-pulse\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span> Aktivite katsay\u0131s\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h3><div class=\"result-box\"><div class=\"field-result\" id=\"output-1\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Aktivite katsay\u0131s\u0131 (\u03b3)<\/span><span class=\"result-term\">\u03b3<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-1\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Sonucu kopyala\" aria-label=\"Sonucu kopyala\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"field-result\" id=\"output-2\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>log\u2081\u2080 \u03b3<\/span><span class=\"result-term\">log \u03b3<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-2\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Sonucu kopyala\" aria-label=\"Sonucu kopyala\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"field-result is-column\" id=\"output-3\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Modelin aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve uygulanabilirli\u011fi<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-3\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Sonucu kopyala\" aria-label=\"Sonucu kopyala\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"field-result is-column\" id=\"output-4\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Hesaplama ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-4\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Sonucu kopyala\" aria-label=\"Sonucu kopyala\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"field-result is-column\" id=\"output-5\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Debye\u2013H\u00fcckel kuram\u0131 hakk\u0131nda<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-5\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Sonucu kopyala\" aria-label=\"Sonucu kopyala\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div><div class=\"result-actions\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-link\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M12.232 4.232a2.5 2.5 0 0 1 3.536 3.536l-1.225 1.224a.75.75 0 0 0 1.061 1.06l1.224-1.224a4 4 0 0 0-5.656-5.656l-3 3a4 4 0 0 0 .225 5.865.75.75 0 0 0 .977-1.138 2.5 2.5 0 0 1-.142-3.667l3-3Z\"\/><path d=\"M11.603 7.963a.75.75 0 0 0-.977 1.138 2.5 2.5 0 0 1 .142 3.667l-3 3a2.5 2.5 0 0 1-3.536-3.536l1.225-1.224a.75.75 0 0 0-1.061-1.06l-1.224 1.224a4 4 0 1 0 5.656 5.656l3-3a4 4 0 0 0-.225-5.865Z\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"copy-link__text\">Bu hesaplaman\u0131n ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kopyala<\/span><\/button><span class=\"sr-only\" role=\"status\" id=\"copy-link-status\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><a href=\"#respond\" class=\"hidden transition-opacity duration-300 opacity-0 w-50 text-sm justify-center items-center gap-2 px-4 py-2 rounded bg-gray-200 text-gray-700 hover:bg-gray-300\" id=\"leave-comment\"><span class=\"icon icon-comments\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Yorum b\u0131rak<\/a><\/form><\/section><section id=\"calc-reactions\" class=\"not-prose hidden my-12 bg-gradient-to-r from-primary-50 to-gray-50 border border-indigo-100 rounded-xl px-6 py-4 shadow-sm\" data-post=\"3959\" aria-live=\"polite\" aria-labelledby=\"calc-reactions-title\"><p id=\"calc-reactions-title\" class=\"text-sm text-gray-500 text-center mb-2\">Bu sonu\u00e7 hakk\u0131nda ne d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorsunuz?<\/p><div role=\"group\" aria-labelledby=\"calc-reactions-title\" class=\"grid grid-cols-3 sm:flex sm:flex-row sm:justify-around gap-4 sm:items-center sm:flex-wrap\"><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"like\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"like\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\ude00 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Be\u011fendim <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"helpful\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"helpful\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\udca1 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Faydal\u0131 <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"confused\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"confused\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\ude15 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Kafam kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131 <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"disappointed\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"disappointed\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\ude1e <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"inaccurate\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"inaccurate\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u274c <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Hatal\u0131 <\/span><\/button><\/div><div id=\"reaction-message\" class=\"hidden mt-8 rounded-md border border-primary-100 bg-white\/50 backdrop-blur-sm px-4 py-2 text-sm text-center shadow-sm\"><\/div><\/section><div class=\"calcdash-ad not-prose calcdash-ad--calc_result calcdash-ad--in-article\"><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-1721569815777345\" data-ad-slot=\"6317458308\" data-ad-layout=\"in-article\" data-ad-format=\"fluid\"><\/ins><script>(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});<\/script><\/div>\n<style id=\"wpcoderpro-inline-1\">.formula-box {\r\n\tborder-bottom: none !important;\r\n}<\/style><section class=\"formula-box\" aria-labelledby=\"formula-title\">\r\n\t<div id=\"formula-title\" class=\"not-prose font-display mb-4\"><span class=\"icon icon-formula\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2>Debye\u2013H\u00fcckel Aktivite Katsay\u0131s\u0131 Form\u00fcl\u00fc<\/h2><\/div>\r\n\t<figure class=\"not-prose formula\">\r\n\t\t<figcaption class=\"formula-title\">Form\u00fcl<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<div class=\"text-base text-gray-800\" id=\"formula\">\\[ \\log_{10}\\gamma = -A z^2 \\sqrt{I} \\qquad \\text{(limit yasa)} \\\\[4pt] \\log_{10}\\gamma = \\frac{-A z^2 \\sqrt{I}}{1 + B a \\sqrt{I}} \\qquad \\text{(geni\u015fletilmi\u015f)} \\\\[4pt] \\log_{10}\\gamma = -A z^2 \\left( \\frac{\\sqrt{I}}{1+\\sqrt{I}} - 0.3\\,I \\right) \\qquad \\text{(Davies)} \\]\n\\[ \\gamma = 10^{\\log_{10}\\gamma} \\]\n<\/div>\r\n\t<\/figure>\r\n\t<\/p>\n<p><strong>Buradaki:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\\(\\gamma\\) \u2014 iyonun aktivite katsay\u0131s\u0131 (boyutsuz)<\/li>\n<li>\\(z\\) \u2014 iyonun y\u00fck\u00fc (yaln\u0131zca \\(z^2\\) kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan i\u015faretin \u00f6nemi yoktur)<\/li>\n<li>\\(I\\) \u2014 \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin mol\/L cinsinden iyonik \u015fiddeti, \\(I = \\tfrac{1}{2}\\sum c_i z_i^2\\)<\/li>\n<li>\\(A\\), \\(B\\) \u2014 s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa g\u00f6re belirlenen Debye\u2013H\u00fcckel \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc sabitleri (25 \u00b0C'de su i\u00e7in 0,509 ve 0,328)<\/li>\n<li>\\(a\\) \u2014 \u00e5ngstr\u00f6m cinsinden iyon \u00e7ap\u0131 parametresi (yaln\u0131zca geni\u015fletilmi\u015f denklemde)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Her \u00fc\u00e7 varyant da aktivite katsay\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 10 taban\u0131nda logaritmas\u0131n\u0131 verir; 10'un bu kuvvetini almak \\(\\gamma\\) de\u011ferinin kendisini geri getirir ve analizle \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen deri\u015fim, \\(a = \\gamma c\\) ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131yla etkin termodinamik aktiviteye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>\r\n<\/section>\n<style id=\"wpcoderpro-inline-2\">.calculation-box {\r\n\tborder-bottom: none !important;\r\n}<\/style><section id=\"calculation\" class=\"calculation-box\" aria-labelledby=\"calculation-title\">\r\n\t<div id=\"calculation-title\" class=\"not-prose font-display\"><span class=\"icon icon-unordered-list\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2>Debye\u2013H\u00fcckel Aktivite Katsay\u0131s\u0131 \u2013 \u00d6rnek Hesaplama<\/h2><\/div>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00d6rnek:<\/strong> 25 \u00b0C'de iyonik \u015fiddeti 0,1 M olan bir \u00e7\u00f6zeltide Davies denklemiyle Na\u207a iyonunun (z = +1) aktivite katsay\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 tahmin edin.<\/p>\n<p>\\[ \\sqrt{I} = \\sqrt{0.1} = 0.3162 \\]<\/p>\n<p>\\[ \\frac{\\sqrt{I}}{1+\\sqrt{I}} - 0.3I = \\frac{0.3162}{1.3162} - 0.3(0.1) = 0.2403 - 0.0300 = 0.2103 \\]<\/p>\n<p>\\[ \\log_{10}\\gamma = -0.509 \\times 1^2 \\times 0.2103 = -0.1070 \\]<\/p>\n<p>\\[ \\gamma = 10^{-0.1070} = 0.782 \\]<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sonu\u00e7:<\/strong> \u03b3 \u2248 0,782 (log\u2081\u2080 \u03b3 \u2248 \u22120,107). Na\u207a iyonunun etkin deri\u015fimi, analiz deri\u015fiminin yaln\u0131zca yakla\u015f\u0131k %78'idir \u2014 0,1 M'de olduk\u00e7a kayda de\u011fer bir d\u00fczeltmedir.<\/p>\n<p>\n\r\n<\/section>\n<h2>Hesaplay\u0131c\u0131 nas\u0131l kullan\u0131l\u0131r?<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>Bir <strong>model se\u00e7in<\/strong>: I de\u011feri 0,01 M'ye kadarsa limit yasa, 0,1 M'ye kadarsa geni\u015fletilmi\u015f Debye\u2013H\u00fcckel denklemi, iyon \u00e7ap\u0131 parametresi bilinmiyorsa ve I 0,5 M'yi a\u015fm\u0131yorsa Davies denklemi.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0130yonik \u015fiddeti (I)<\/strong> mol\/L cinsinden girin. Yaln\u0131zca \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin bile\u015fimini biliyorsan\u0131z, \u00f6nce t\u00fcm iyonlar \u00fczerinden \\(I = \\tfrac{1}{2}\\sum c_i z_i^2\\) hesaplay\u0131n.<\/li>\n<li>\u0130lgili iyonun <strong>y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc (z)<\/strong> girin; \u00f6rne\u011fin Ca\u00b2\u207a i\u00e7in 2, SO\u2084\u00b2\u207b i\u00e7in \u22122. Denklemlere yaln\u0131zca \\(z^2\\) girdi\u011finden i\u015faret \u00f6nemli de\u011fildir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Su s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131<\/strong> (0\u201350 \u00b0C) se\u00e7erek A ve B sabitlerinin otomatik belirlenmesini sa\u011flay\u0131n ya da \"\u00d6zel A ve B sabitleri\" se\u00e7ene\u011fini i\u015faretleyip ba\u015fka bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc i\u00e7in bu de\u011ferleri elle girin.<\/li>\n<li>Geni\u015fletilmi\u015f denklemi se\u00e7tiyseniz <strong>iyon \u00e7ap\u0131 parametresini (a)<\/strong> \u00e5ngstr\u00f6m cinsinden girin \u2014 K\u207a, Cl\u207b, NO\u2083\u207b i\u00e7in yakla\u015f\u0131k 3 \u00c5; Na\u207a veya Ca\u00b2\u207a i\u00e7in 4\u20135 \u00c5; H\u207a veya Mg\u00b2\u207a i\u00e7in 9\u201311 \u00c5'ye kadar.<\/li>\n<li>Sonu\u00e7larda, ge\u00e7erli aral\u0131k bilgisi ve ad\u0131m ad\u0131m yerine koyma ile birlikte <strong>aktivite katsay\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 (\u03b3)<\/strong> ve <strong>log\u2081\u2080 \u03b3<\/strong> de\u011ferini g\u00f6r\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcz.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Debye\u2013H\u00fcckel aktivite katsay\u0131s\u0131 nedir?<\/h2>\n<p>A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 seyreltik olmayan her \u00e7\u00f6zeltide her iyon, ters y\u00fckl\u00fc bir <em>iyon atmosferiyle<\/em> \u00e7evrilidir. Bu bulut iyonun elektrostatik etkile\u015fimlerini zay\u0131flat\u0131r; dolay\u0131s\u0131yla iyon, termodinamik a\u00e7\u0131dan deri\u015fimi analitik olarak \u00f6l\u00e7t\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcz de\u011ferden daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckm\u00fc\u015f gibi davran\u0131r. Etkin deri\u015fime <strong>aktivite<\/strong> denir, \\(a = \\gamma c\\), ve \\(\\gamma\\) \u00e7arpan\u0131 da <strong>aktivite katsay\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r<\/strong>. Debye\u2013H\u00fcckel teorisi \\(\\gamma\\) de\u011ferini yaln\u0131zca elektrostatikten t\u00fcretir: d\u00fczeltme, iyon y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn karesiyle ve \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin iyonik \u015fiddetinin karek\u00f6k\u00fcyle b\u00fcy\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>Aktivite katsay\u0131lar\u0131, denge sabitlerinin ger\u00e7ek \u00e7\u00f6zeltilere uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 her durumda \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. Bir <a href=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/chemistry\/solubility-product-ksp-calculator\/\">\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131<\/a> deri\u015fimlerle de\u011fil aktivitelerle yaz\u0131l\u0131r; bu y\u00fczden bir tuz, 0,1 M'lik NaCl fonunda saf sudakinden salt \u03b3'nin d\u00fc\u015fmesi y\u00fcz\u00fcnden \u00e7ok daha \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr g\u00f6r\u00fcnebilir. Ayn\u0131 d\u00fczeltme <a href=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/chemistry\/standard-cell-potential-calculator\/\">Nernst tipi h\u00fccre potansiyellerine<\/a> ve <a href=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/kimya\/van-t-hoff-denklem-hesaplayici\/\">denge kaymas\u0131 hesaplar\u0131na<\/a> da girer: orta deri\u015fimli \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerde \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen de\u011ferleri kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rken \u03b3'y\u0131 yok saymak en s\u0131k hatan\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Teorinin \u00fc\u00e7 varyant\u0131, do\u011fruluk ile gereken giri\u015f verisi aras\u0131nda denge kurar. <strong>Limit yasa<\/strong> yaln\u0131zca I \u2192 0'da kesindir ve I ile z d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda veriye gereksinim duymaz. <strong>Geni\u015fletilmi\u015f denklem<\/strong>, sonlu iyon \u00e7ap\u0131 \\(a\\)'y\u0131 ekleyerek g\u00fcvenilir aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 0,1 M'ye ta\u015f\u0131r. <strong>Davies denklemi<\/strong> \\(a\\) yerine ampirik bir \u22120,3I terimi kullan\u0131r; b\u00f6ylece \u00e7ap parametresine gereksinim duymaz ama kabaca 0,5 M'ye kadar i\u015fe yarar \u2014 jeokimya ve t\u00fcrle\u015fme yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131nda varsay\u0131lan se\u00e7enek olmas\u0131n\u0131n nedeni de budur. Hesaplay\u0131c\u0131, iyonik \u015fiddetiniz se\u00e7ti\u011finiz modelin \u00f6nerilen aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda sizi a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a uyar\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Sonucu yorumlarken: \u03b3 = 1, iyonun ideal davrand\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir (asl\u0131nda yaln\u0131zca sonsuz seyreltmede g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr); \u00f6rnekteki gibi \u03b3 = 0,782 ise iyonun aktivitesinin analiz deri\u015fiminin %78'i oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelir. Her form\u00fclde \\(z^2\\) bulundu\u011fundan, iki de\u011ferlikli iyonlar ayn\u0131 iyonik \u015fiddette tek de\u011ferlikli olanlara g\u00f6re yakla\u015f\u0131k d\u00f6rt kat g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc d\u00fczeltilir.<\/p>\n<h2>Varsay\u0131mlar, s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar ve pratik ipu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Yaln\u0131zca seyreltik \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler.<\/strong> Teori, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcy\u00fc dielektrik bir s\u00fcrekli ortam; iyonlar\u0131 ise nokta y\u00fck (limit yasa) veya sabit \u00e7apl\u0131 k\u00fcreler olarak ele al\u0131r. Belirtilen s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n \u00fczerinde iyon e\u015fle\u015fmesi, iyon\u2013\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc etkile\u015fimleri ve sonlu iyon deri\u015fimleri bask\u0131n olur; bu durumda SIT ya da Pitzer modelleri gerekir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tam ayr\u0131\u015fma varsay\u0131l\u0131r.<\/strong> Zay\u0131f elektrolitler \u00f6nce t\u00fcrle\u015fmelidir \u2014 I'ya ve verilen bir iyonun \u03b3 de\u011ferine yaln\u0131zca serbest iyonlar katk\u0131da bulunur.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc olarak su.<\/strong> Yerle\u015fik A ve B sabitleri 0\u201350 \u00b0C aral\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki suya aittir. Ba\u015fka \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcler i\u00e7in o ortama ait A ve B de\u011ferlerini bulun ve \"\u00d6zel\" se\u00e7ene\u011fini kullan\u0131n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Molarite ve molalite.<\/strong> Denklemler kat\u0131 bi\u00e7imde molal \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finde tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; molariteden fark\u0131 ~0,5 M alt\u0131nda ihmal edilebilir \u2014 bu da modellerin ge\u00e7erli aral\u0131\u011f\u0131yla uyumludur.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0130pucu:<\/strong> iyonunuzun \u00e7ap parametresini bilmiyorsan\u0131z Davies denklemini kullan\u0131n \u2014 bu giri\u015f verisini tam olarak ortadan kald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0130pucu:<\/strong> I'y\u0131 kendiniz hesaplamak isterseniz, \u00e7\u00f6zeltideki t\u00fcm iyonlar \u00fczerinden toplam al\u0131n: 0,01 M MgCl\u2082 i\u00e7in \\(I = \\tfrac{1}{2}(0.01 \\times 2^2 + 0.02 \\times 1^2) = 0.03\\) M.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Debye\u2013H\u00fcckel limit yasas\u0131, geni\u015fletilmi\u015f denklem ya da Davies denklemiyle sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltideki bir iyonun aktivite katsay\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 tahmin edin. \u0130yonik \u015fiddet, iyon y\u00fck\u00fc ve s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 girin; \u03b3 ve log\u2081\u2080 \u03b3 de\u011ferlerini al\u0131n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3168,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[69],"class_list":["post-3959","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kimya","tag-stokiyometri"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3959","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3168"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3959"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3959\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3959"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3959"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3959"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}