{"id":3971,"date":"2026-10-14T20:09:51","date_gmt":"2026-10-14T19:09:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/muhendislik\/gerilim-dusumu\/"},"modified":"2026-10-14T20:09:51","modified_gmt":"2026-10-14T19:09:51","slug":"gerilim-dusumu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/muhendislik\/gerilim-dusumu\/","title":{"rendered":"Elektrik Gerilim D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"not-prose calculator-box\" aria-labelledby=\"calculator-title\"><div class=\"flex items-baseline sm:items-center justify-between gap-2 sm:gap-3\"><div class=\"flex flex-col sm:flex-row sm:items-center gap-2\"><span class=\"icon icon-calculator text-primary-700! text-base! dark:text-primary-300!\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 id=\"calculator-title\" class=\"text-lg font-display font-bold\">Kablo Boyunca Olu\u015fan Gerilim D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc Hesaplay\u0131n<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"calcdash-favorite group\">\n  <button type=\"button\" class=\"favorite\" id=\"favorite\" data-favorite-id=\"3971\" data-favorite-title=\"Gerilim D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc\" data-favorite-url=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/muhendislik\/gerilim-dusumu\/\" data-favorite-excerpt=\"Bak\u0131r, al\u00fcminyum veya g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f kablodaki gerilim d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc hesaplay\u0131n. Ak\u0131m, besleme gerilimi, uzunluk ve kesit alan\u0131n\u0131 girin; d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc volt ve y\u00fczde olarak, y\u00fckte kalan gerilimi g\u00f6r\u00fcn.\" aria-label=\"Favorilere ekle\" data-favorite-icon=\"icon icon-electrical\">\n    <span class=\"icon icon-shape-star-empty\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n  <\/button>\n  <div class=\"calcdash-favorite__tip\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n   <span class=\"favorite-tooltip\" id=\"favorite-tooltip\"><\/span>\n  <\/div>\n  <span class=\"sr-only\" role=\"status\" id=\"favorite-status\"><\/span>\n<\/div><\/div><form action=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/muhendislik\/gerilim-dusumu\/\" method=\"POST\" class=\"calculator\" id=\"calculator-3971\" data-post=\"3971\"><fieldset class=\"fieldset-input is-2\"><legend class=\"sr-only\">Giri\u015f alanlar\u0131<\/legend><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-1\"><label for=\"field-1\">Ak\u0131m (I)<\/label><div class=\"term\">I<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><input type=\"text\" name=\"akm_i\" id=\"field-1\" aria-describedby=\"calc-unit-1 calc-info-1\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" min=\"0.001\" value=\"15\"\/><div class=\"unit\" id=\"calc-unit-1\">A<\/div><small id=\"calc-info-1\">\u0130letken \u00fczerinden ge\u00e7en y\u00fck ak\u0131m\u0131<\/small><\/div><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-2\"><label for=\"field-2\">Besleme gerilimi<\/label><div class=\"term\">V\u2080<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><input type=\"text\" name=\"besleme_gerilimi\" id=\"field-2\" aria-describedby=\"calc-unit-2 calc-info-2\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" min=\"1\" value=\"230\"\/><div class=\"unit\" id=\"calc-unit-2\">V<\/div><small id=\"calc-info-2\">Kaynaktaki anma gerilimi (\u00fc\u00e7 fazda fazlar aras\u0131 gerilim)<\/small><\/div><div class=\"field\" id=\"input-3\"><label for=\"field-3\">Devre tipi<\/label><div class=\"grid grid-cols-1\"><select id=\"field-3\" name=\"devre_tipi\"><option value=\"single\" selected>Single-phase (2-wire, AC or DC)<\/option><option value=\"three\">\u00dc\u00e7 fazl\u0131 (3 telli, AC)<\/option><\/select><svg class=\"pointer-events-none col-start-1 row-start-1 mr-2 size-5 self-center justify-self-end text-gray-500 sm:size-4\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-slot=\"icon\">\n              <path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4.22 6.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 8.94l2.72-2.72a.75.75 0 1 1 1.06 1.06l-3.25 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L4.22 7.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" \/>\n            <\/svg><\/div><\/div><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-4\"><label for=\"field-4\">\u0130letken uzunlu\u011fu (L)<\/label><div class=\"term\">L<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><div class=\"field-group\"><input type=\"text\" name=\"letken_uzunluu_l\" id=\"field-4\" aria-describedby=\"calc-info-4\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" min=\"0.001\" value=\"30\"\/><div class=\"grid grid-cols-1\"><select id=\"field-5\" name=\"uzunluk_birimi\" aria-label=\"Uzunluk birimi\"><option value=\"m\" selected>m<\/option><option value=\"ft\">ft<\/option><\/select><svg class=\"pointer-events-none col-start-1 row-start-1 mr-2 size-5 self-center justify-self-end text-gray-500 sm:size-4\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-slot=\"icon\">\n              <path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4.22 6.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 8.94l2.72-2.72a.75.75 0 1 1 1.06 1.06l-3.25 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L4.22 7.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" \/>\n            <\/svg><\/div><\/div><small id=\"calc-info-4\">Kaynaktan y\u00fcke kadar tek y\u00f6nl\u00fc kablo uzunlu\u011fu<\/small><\/div><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-5\"><label for=\"field-6\">Kesit alan\u0131 (A)<\/label><div class=\"term\">A<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><div class=\"field-group\"><input type=\"text\" name=\"kesit_alan_a\" id=\"field-6\" aria-describedby=\"calc-info-6\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" min=\"0.001\" value=\"2.5\"\/><div class=\"grid grid-cols-1\"><select id=\"field-7\" name=\"alan_birimi\" aria-label=\"Alan birimi\"><option value=\"mm2\" selected>mm\u00b2<\/option><option value=\"kcmil\">kcmil (MCM)<\/option><option value=\"in2\">in\u00b2<\/option><\/select><svg class=\"pointer-events-none col-start-1 row-start-1 mr-2 size-5 self-center justify-self-end text-gray-500 sm:size-4\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-slot=\"icon\">\n              <path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4.22 6.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 8.94l2.72-2.72a.75.75 0 1 1 1.06 1.06l-3.25 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L4.22 7.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" \/>\n            <\/svg><\/div><\/div><small id=\"calc-info-6\">Tek bir damar\u0131n iletken kesiti<\/small><\/div><div class=\"field\" id=\"input-6\"><label for=\"field-8\">\u0130letken malzemesi<\/label><div class=\"grid grid-cols-1\"><select id=\"field-8\" name=\"letken_malzemesi\"><option value=\"copper\" selected>Bak\u0131r (\u03c1 = 0,0172)<\/option><option value=\"aluminum\">Al\u00fcminyum (\u03c1 = 0,0282)<\/option><option value=\"silver\">G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f (\u03c1 = 0,0159)<\/option><option value=\"custom\">\u00d6zel \u00f6zdiren\u00e7<\/option><\/select><svg class=\"pointer-events-none col-start-1 row-start-1 mr-2 size-5 self-center justify-self-end text-gray-500 sm:size-4\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-slot=\"icon\">\n              <path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4.22 6.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 8.94l2.72-2.72a.75.75 0 1 1 1.06 1.06l-3.25 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L4.22 7.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" \/>\n            <\/svg><\/div><\/div><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-7\"><label for=\"field-9\">\u00d6zel \u00f6zdiren\u00e7 (\u03c1)<\/label><div class=\"term\">\u03c1<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><input type=\"text\" name=\"zel_zdiren_\" id=\"field-9\" aria-describedby=\"calc-unit-9 calc-info-9\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" min=\"1.0E-6\" value=\"0.0172\"\/><div class=\"unit\" id=\"calc-unit-9\">\u03a9\u00b7mm\u00b2\/m<\/div><small id=\"calc-info-9\">Yaln\u0131zca malzeme &quot;\u00d6zel \u00f6zdiren\u00e7&quot; se\u00e7iliyken kullan\u0131l\u0131r<\/small><\/div><\/fieldset><div class=\"buttons\"><button type=\"submit\" data-text=\"Yeniden hesapla\" id=\"calculate-button\" data-post=\"3971\">Hesapla<\/button><button type=\"reset\">S\u0131f\u0131rla<\/button><\/div><div class=\"field is-checkbox hidden!\" id=\"field-auto-calc\"><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"auto-calc\"><label for=\"auto-calc\">Otomatik hesapla<\/label><small>Etkinle\u015ftirilirse, herhangi bir de\u011feri de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011finizde sonu\u00e7 otomatik olarak g\u00fcncellenir.<\/small><\/div><div class=\"fieldset-result is-hidden\" aria-labelledby=\"result-title\" aria-live=\"polite\" role=\"region\"> <h3 class=\"result-title bg-gradient-to-r from-primary-50 to-gray-50 dark:from-primary-900 dark:to-gray-800\" id=\"result-title\"><span class=\"icon icon-s-pulse\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span> Gerilim d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h3><div class=\"result-box\"><div class=\"field-result\" id=\"output-1\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Gerilim d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc<\/span><span class=\"result-term\">Vd<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-1\" data-unit=\"V\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Sonucu kopyala\" aria-label=\"Sonucu kopyala\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"field-result\" id=\"output-2\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Gerilim d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc (besleme geriliminin y\u00fczdesi)<\/span><span class=\"result-term\">Vd%<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-2\" data-unit=\"%\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Sonucu kopyala\" aria-label=\"Sonucu kopyala\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"field-result\" id=\"output-3\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Y\u00fckteki gerilim<\/span><span class=\"result-term\">VL<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-3\" data-unit=\"V\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Sonucu kopyala\" aria-label=\"Sonucu kopyala\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"field-result is-column\" id=\"output-4\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>De\u011ferlendirme ve form\u00fcl<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-4\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Sonucu kopyala\" aria-label=\"Sonucu kopyala\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div><div class=\"result-actions\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-link\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M12.232 4.232a2.5 2.5 0 0 1 3.536 3.536l-1.225 1.224a.75.75 0 0 0 1.061 1.06l1.224-1.224a4 4 0 0 0-5.656-5.656l-3 3a4 4 0 0 0 .225 5.865.75.75 0 0 0 .977-1.138 2.5 2.5 0 0 1-.142-3.667l3-3Z\"\/><path d=\"M11.603 7.963a.75.75 0 0 0-.977 1.138 2.5 2.5 0 0 1 .142 3.667l-3 3a2.5 2.5 0 0 1-3.536-3.536l1.225-1.224a.75.75 0 0 0-1.061-1.06l-1.224 1.224a4 4 0 1 0 5.656 5.656l3-3a4 4 0 0 0-.225-5.865Z\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"copy-link__text\">Bu hesaplaman\u0131n ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kopyala<\/span><\/button><span class=\"sr-only\" role=\"status\" id=\"copy-link-status\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><a href=\"#respond\" class=\"hidden transition-opacity duration-300 opacity-0 w-50 text-sm justify-center items-center gap-2 px-4 py-2 rounded bg-gray-200 text-gray-700 hover:bg-gray-300\" id=\"leave-comment\"><span class=\"icon icon-comments\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Yorum b\u0131rak<\/a><\/form><\/section><section id=\"calc-reactions\" class=\"not-prose hidden my-12 bg-gradient-to-r from-primary-50 to-gray-50 border border-indigo-100 rounded-xl px-6 py-4 shadow-sm\" data-post=\"3971\" aria-live=\"polite\" aria-labelledby=\"calc-reactions-title\"><p id=\"calc-reactions-title\" class=\"text-sm text-gray-500 text-center mb-2\">Bu sonu\u00e7 hakk\u0131nda ne d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorsunuz?<\/p><div role=\"group\" aria-labelledby=\"calc-reactions-title\" class=\"grid grid-cols-3 sm:flex sm:flex-row sm:justify-around gap-4 sm:items-center sm:flex-wrap\"><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"like\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"like\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\ude00 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Be\u011fendim <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"helpful\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"helpful\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\udca1 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Faydal\u0131 <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"confused\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"confused\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\ude15 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Kafam kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131 <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"disappointed\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"disappointed\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\ude1e <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"inaccurate\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"inaccurate\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u274c <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Hatal\u0131 <\/span><\/button><\/div><div id=\"reaction-message\" class=\"hidden mt-8 rounded-md border border-primary-100 bg-white\/50 backdrop-blur-sm px-4 py-2 text-sm text-center shadow-sm\"><\/div><\/section><div class=\"calcdash-ad not-prose calcdash-ad--calc_result calcdash-ad--in-article\"><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-1721569815777345\" data-ad-slot=\"6317458308\" data-ad-layout=\"in-article\" data-ad-format=\"fluid\"><\/ins><script>(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});<\/script><\/div>\n<style id=\"wpcoderpro-inline-1\">.formula-box {\r\n\tborder-bottom: none !important;\r\n}<\/style><section class=\"formula-box\" aria-labelledby=\"formula-title\">\r\n\t<div id=\"formula-title\" class=\"not-prose font-display mb-4\"><span class=\"icon icon-formula\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2>Gerilim D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc<\/h2><\/div>\r\n\t<figure class=\"not-prose formula\">\r\n\t\t<figcaption class=\"formula-title\">Form\u00fcl<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<div class=\"text-base text-gray-800\" id=\"formula\">\n\\[ V_d = 2 \\cdot I \\cdot \\frac{\\rho \\, L}{A} \\quad \\text{(tek fazl\u0131 \/ DC)} \\\\ V_d = \\sqrt{3} \\cdot I \\cdot \\frac{\\rho \\, L}{A} \\quad \\text{(\u00fc\u00e7 fazl\u0131)} \\]\n<\/div>\r\n\t<\/figure>\r\n\t<\/p>\n<p><strong>Burada:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\\(V_d\\) \u2014 gerilim d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc (V)<\/li>\n<li>\\(I\\) \u2014 y\u00fck ak\u0131m\u0131 (A)<\/li>\n<li>\\(\\rho\\) \u2014 iletken malzemenin \u00f6zdirenci (\u03a9\u00b7mm\u00b2\/m)<\/li>\n<li>\\(L\\) \u2014 kablo hatt\u0131n\u0131n tek y\u00f6n uzunlu\u011fu (m)<\/li>\n<li>\\(A\\) \u2014 tek bir iletkenin kesit alan\u0131 (mm\u00b2)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Tek fazl\u0131 veya DC devredeki gidi\u015f ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f iletkenlerini hesaba katmak i\u00e7in 2 \u00e7arpan\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131r; \\(\\sqrt{3} \\approx 1.732\\) ise dengeli \u00fc\u00e7 fazl\u0131 devrelere uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\r\n<\/section>\n<style id=\"wpcoderpro-inline-2\">.calculation-box {\r\n\tborder-bottom: none !important;\r\n}<\/style><section id=\"calculation\" class=\"calculation-box\" aria-labelledby=\"calculation-title\">\r\n\t<div id=\"calculation-title\" class=\"not-prose font-display\"><span class=\"icon icon-unordered-list\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2>Gerilim D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc \u2013 Hesaplama \u00d6rne\u011fi<\/h2><\/div>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00d6rnek:<\/strong> 15 A'l\u0131k tek fazl\u0131 bir y\u00fck, 2,5 mm\u00b2 kesitli 30 m'lik bak\u0131r bir kablo \u00fczerinden 230 V ile besleniyor (\\(\\rho\\) = 0,0172 \u03a9\u00b7mm\u00b2\/m).<\/p>\n<p>\\[ V_d = 2 \\times 15 \\times \\frac{0.0172 \\times 30}{2.5} = 6.192 \\ \\text{V} \\]<\/p>\n<p>\\[ V_d\\% = \\frac{6.192}{230} \\times 100 = 2.69\\% \\]<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sonu\u00e7:<\/strong> gerilim d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc 6,19 V, yani beslemenin %2,69'u; y\u00fck taraf\u0131nda 223,81 V kal\u0131yor \u2014 bu de\u011fer dal devresi i\u00e7in \u00f6nerilen %3 s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde.<\/p>\n<p>\n\r\n<\/section>\n<h2>Hesaplay\u0131c\u0131 Nas\u0131l Kullan\u0131l\u0131r?<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>Y\u00fck\u00fcn \u00e7ekti\u011fi <strong>Ak\u0131m\u0131 (I)<\/strong> amper cinsinden girin.<\/li>\n<li>Kaynaktaki <strong>Besleme Gerilimini<\/strong> girin. \u00dc\u00e7 fazl\u0131 devrelerde fazlar aras\u0131 gerilimi (\u00f6rne\u011fin 400 V) kullan\u0131n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Devre Tipini<\/strong> se\u00e7in: tek fazl\u0131 (2 telli, AC veya DC) ya da \u00fc\u00e7 fazl\u0131 (3 telli, AC).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0130letken Uzunlu\u011funu (L)<\/strong> \u2014 kaynaktan y\u00fcke kadar tek y\u00f6n mesafeyi \u2014 girin ve metre ya da feet se\u00e7in.<\/li>\n<li>Tek bir iletkenin <strong>Kesit Alan\u0131n\u0131 (A)<\/strong> girin ve mm\u00b2, kcmil (MCM) veya in\u00b2 birimlerinden birini se\u00e7in.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0130letken Malzemesini<\/strong> se\u00e7in. Malzemeniz listede yoksa \"\u00d6zel \u00f6zdiren\u00e7\" se\u00e7ene\u011fini i\u015faretleyip \\(\\rho\\) de\u011ferini \u03a9\u00b7mm\u00b2\/m cinsinden girin.<\/li>\n<li>Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 okuyun: volt cinsinden gerilim d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn beslemeye oran\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczdesi, y\u00fckteki gerilim ve NEC'in \u00f6nerdi\u011fi s\u0131n\u0131rlara g\u00f6re bir de\u011ferlendirme.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Gerilim D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc Nedir?<\/h2>\n<p>Her iletkenin bir direnci vard\u0131r ve i\u00e7inden ak\u0131m ge\u00e7erken elektrik enerjisinin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 \u0131s\u0131 olarak kaybolur. Bu kay\u0131p, kaynak ile y\u00fck aras\u0131ndaki gerilimin azalmas\u0131 olarak kendini g\u00f6sterir; buna gerilim d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc denir. Bu y\u00fczden uzun bir kablonun ucundaki y\u00fck, beslemenin sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir gerilim al\u0131r: 230 V'luk bir kaynak, 6 V d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm yapan bir kablo \u00fczerinden cihaza yaln\u0131zca 224 V ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm; ak\u0131m, kablo uzunlu\u011fu ve \u00f6zdiren\u00e7 artt\u0131k\u00e7a b\u00fcy\u00fcr, iletken kesiti b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fck\u00e7e k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr. Uzun kablo hatlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu zaman daha kal\u0131n tel gerektirmesinin nedeni budur: kesiti iki kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131karmak direnci, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc yar\u0131ya indirir. Bak\u0131r al\u00fcminyumdan daha iyi iletti\u011fi i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm i\u00e7in bak\u0131r kablo, al\u00fcminyum kablodan daha ince olabilir.<\/p>\n<p>A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 gerilim d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc yaln\u0131zca enerji israf\u0131na yol a\u00e7maz. Motorlar a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u0131s\u0131n\u0131p tork kaybeder, akkor lambalar s\u00f6n\u00fck yanar, \u0131s\u0131t\u0131c\u0131lar daha az \u0131s\u0131 verir, elektronik cihazlar ar\u0131za yapabilir veya yeniden ba\u015flayabilir. Bu nedenle \u00e7o\u011fu standart d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131rlar: NEC bir dal devresinde en fazla %3, servis giri\u015finden son y\u00fcke kadar toplamda %5 \u00f6nerir; IEC ise genellikle uygulamaya g\u00f6re %3\u20135 \u00f6nerir.<\/p>\n<h2>Varsay\u0131mlar ve S\u0131n\u0131rlamalar<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>DC diren\u00e7 modeli.<\/strong> Hesaplama yaln\u0131zca iletken direncini esas al\u0131r. Kablo end\u00fcktans\u0131 ve kapasitans\u0131 yok say\u0131l\u0131r; 50\/60 Hz'deki tipik yap\u0131 tesisatlar\u0131 i\u00e7in bu kabul edilebilir. \u00c7ok uzun ve y\u00fcksek ak\u0131ml\u0131 hatlarda y\u00fczey etkisi (skin effect) ve reaktans, burada hesaba kat\u0131lmayan ek bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm yarat\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><strong>20 \u00b0C'deki \u00f6zdiren\u00e7.<\/strong> Yerle\u015fik de\u011ferler (bak\u0131r 0,0172, al\u00fcminyum 0,0282, g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f 0,0159 \u03a9\u00b7mm\u00b2\/m) oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na yak\u0131n ko\u015fullar i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erlidir. Bak\u0131rda diren\u00e7 santigrat derece ba\u015f\u0131na yakla\u015f\u0131k %0,4 artar; bu y\u00fczden \u00e7at\u0131 aras\u0131nda veya toprak alt\u0131ndaki boruda kalan s\u0131cak bir kablo belirgin bi\u00e7imde daha fazla gerilim d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc yapabilir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tek y\u00f6n uzunluk.<\/strong> Gidi\u015f-d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f de\u011fil, kaynaktan y\u00fcke olan mesafeyi girin. Tek fazl\u0131 form\u00fcldeki 2 \u00e7arpan\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f iletkenini zaten hesaba katar.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dengeli \u00fc\u00e7 faz.<\/strong> \u221a3 \u00e7arpan\u0131, \u00fc\u00e7 fazdaki ak\u0131mlar\u0131n e\u015fit oldu\u011funu varsayar. Ciddi bi\u00e7imde dengesiz y\u00fckler i\u00e7in faz baz\u0131nda analiz gerekir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ba\u011flant\u0131 noktalar\u0131 yok say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/strong> Ba\u011flant\u0131lar, ek yerleri ve cihaz terminalleri, bu sonuca dahil edilmeyen k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ek diren\u00e7ler olu\u015fturur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Pratik ipucu: sonu\u00e7 %3'l\u00fck dal devresi s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 a\u015f\u0131yorsa hatt\u0131 k\u0131saltabilir, y\u00fck ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 azaltabilir veya daha kal\u0131n bir iletkene ge\u00e7ebilirsiniz \u2014 kesitleri h\u0131zla kontrol etmek i\u00e7in <a href=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/muhendislik\/awg-hesaplama\/\">Tel Kesiti hesaplay\u0131c\u0131m\u0131z\u0131<\/a> kullan\u0131n. Elde edilen gerilim, ak\u0131m ve y\u00fck direnci aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in <a href=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/engineering\/ohms-law\/\">Ohm Kanunu hesaplay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131na<\/a> bak\u0131n; DC devrede iletken ve y\u00fck diren\u00e7lerini toplamak i\u00e7in <a href=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/engineering\/resistors-in-series\/\">Seri Diren\u00e7 hesaplay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131<\/a> kullan\u0131n.<\/p>\n<h2>Tipik \u00d6zdiren\u00e7 De\u011ferleri<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Malzeme<\/th>\n<th>\u03c1 (\u03a9\u00b7mm\u00b2\/m, 20 \u00b0C'de)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f<\/td>\n<td>0,0159<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Bak\u0131r<\/td>\n<td>0,0172<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Al\u00fcminyum<\/td>\n<td>0,0282<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Hesaplay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferler bunlard\u0131r. Pirin\u00e7 veya nikel-krom gibi ala\u015f\u0131mlar i\u00e7in \"\u00d6zel \u00f6zdiren\u00e7\" se\u00e7ene\u011fini i\u015faretleyip \u00fcreticinin verdi\u011fi de\u011feri girin.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bak\u0131r, al\u00fcminyum veya g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f kablodaki gerilim d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc hesaplay\u0131n. Ak\u0131m, besleme gerilimi, uzunluk ve kesit alan\u0131n\u0131 girin; d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc volt ve y\u00fczde olarak, y\u00fckte kalan gerilimi g\u00f6r\u00fcn.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3168,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[35],"class_list":["post-3971","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-muhendislik","tag-elektrik"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3971","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3168"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3971"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3971\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3971"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3971"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3971"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}