{"id":3980,"date":"2026-10-14T20:47:34","date_gmt":"2026-10-14T19:47:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/muhendislik\/temel-taban-gerilmesi\/"},"modified":"2026-10-14T20:47:34","modified_gmt":"2026-10-14T19:47:34","slug":"temel-taban-gerilmesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/muhendislik\/temel-taban-gerilmesi\/","title":{"rendered":"Temel Taban Gerilmesi"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"not-prose calculator-box\" aria-labelledby=\"calculator-title\"><div class=\"flex items-baseline sm:items-center justify-between gap-2 sm:gap-3\"><div class=\"flex flex-col sm:flex-row sm:items-center gap-2\"><span class=\"icon icon-calculator text-primary-700! text-base! dark:text-primary-300!\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 id=\"calculator-title\" class=\"text-lg font-display font-bold\">Y\u00fckl\u00fc Temelin Alt\u0131ndaki Zemin Bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 Kontrol Edin<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"calcdash-favorite group\">\n  <button type=\"button\" class=\"favorite\" id=\"favorite\" data-favorite-id=\"3980\" data-favorite-title=\"Temel Taban Gerilmesi\" data-favorite-url=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/muhendislik\/temel-taban-gerilmesi\/\" data-favorite-excerpt=\"D\u00fc\u015fey y\u00fck\u00fc ve temelin plan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerini girin; temel alt\u0131ndaki ortalama zemin gerilmesini bulun ve izin verilen ta\u015f\u0131ma gerilmesiyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rarak tasar\u0131m\u0131n uygun olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn.\" aria-label=\"Favorilere ekle\" data-favorite-icon=\"icon icon-civil\">\n    <span class=\"icon icon-shape-star-empty\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n  <\/button>\n  <div class=\"calcdash-favorite__tip\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n   <span class=\"favorite-tooltip\" id=\"favorite-tooltip\"><\/span>\n  <\/div>\n  <span class=\"sr-only\" role=\"status\" id=\"favorite-status\"><\/span>\n<\/div><\/div><form action=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/muhendislik\/temel-taban-gerilmesi\/\" method=\"POST\" class=\"calculator\" id=\"calculator-3980\" data-post=\"3980\"><fieldset class=\"fieldset-input is-2\"><legend class=\"sr-only\">Giri\u015f alanlar\u0131<\/legend><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-1\"><label for=\"field-1\">D\u00fc\u015fey y\u00fck (P)<\/label><div class=\"term\">P<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><div class=\"field-group\"><input type=\"text\" name=\"dey_yk_p\" id=\"field-1\" aria-describedby=\"calc-info-1\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" placeholder=\"300\" min=\"0.01\" value=\"300\"\/><div class=\"grid grid-cols-1\"><select id=\"field-2\" name=\"birim\" aria-label=\"Birim\"><option value=\"kN\" selected>kN<\/option><option value=\"kip\">kip<\/option><option value=\"lb\">lb<\/option><\/select><svg class=\"pointer-events-none col-start-1 row-start-1 mr-2 size-5 self-center justify-self-end text-gray-500 sm:size-4\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-slot=\"icon\">\n              <path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4.22 6.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 8.94l2.72-2.72a.75.75 0 1 1 1.06 1.06l-3.25 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L4.22 7.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" \/>\n            <\/svg><\/div><\/div><small id=\"calc-info-1\">Temel taban\u0131ndaki toplam d\u00fc\u015fey hizmet y\u00fck\u00fc (ge\u00e7erliyse temelin \u00f6z a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00fcsty\u00fck\u00fc dahil edin)<\/small><\/div><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-2\"><label for=\"field-3\">Temel uzunlu\u011fu (L)<\/label><div class=\"term\">L<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><div class=\"field-group\"><input type=\"text\" name=\"temel_uzunluu_l\" id=\"field-3\" aria-describedby=\"calc-info-3\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" placeholder=\"2.4\" min=\"0.01\" value=\"2.4\"\/><div class=\"grid grid-cols-1\"><select id=\"field-4\" name=\"birim\" aria-label=\"Birim\"><option value=\"m\" selected>m<\/option><option value=\"cm\">cm<\/option><option value=\"ft\">ft<\/option><option value=\"in\">in<\/option><\/select><svg class=\"pointer-events-none col-start-1 row-start-1 mr-2 size-5 self-center justify-self-end text-gray-500 sm:size-4\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-slot=\"icon\">\n              <path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4.22 6.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 8.94l2.72-2.72a.75.75 0 1 1 1.06 1.06l-3.25 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L4.22 7.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" \/>\n            <\/svg><\/div><\/div><small id=\"calc-info-3\">Temelin plandaki uzun kenar\u0131<\/small><\/div><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-3\"><label for=\"field-5\">Temel geni\u015fli\u011fi (B)<\/label><div class=\"term\">B<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><div class=\"field-group\"><input type=\"text\" name=\"temel_genilii_b\" id=\"field-5\" aria-describedby=\"calc-info-5\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" placeholder=\"1.8\" min=\"0.01\" value=\"1.8\"\/><div class=\"grid grid-cols-1\"><select id=\"field-6\" name=\"birim\" aria-label=\"Birim\"><option value=\"m\" selected>m<\/option><option value=\"cm\">cm<\/option><option value=\"ft\">ft<\/option><option value=\"in\">in<\/option><\/select><svg class=\"pointer-events-none col-start-1 row-start-1 mr-2 size-5 self-center justify-self-end text-gray-500 sm:size-4\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-slot=\"icon\">\n              <path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4.22 6.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 8.94l2.72-2.72a.75.75 0 1 1 1.06 1.06l-3.25 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L4.22 7.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" \/>\n            <\/svg><\/div><\/div><small id=\"calc-info-5\">Temelin plandaki k\u0131sa kenar\u0131<\/small><\/div><div class=\"field is-single has-term\" id=\"input-4\"><label for=\"field-7\">\u0130zin verilen zemin bas\u0131nc\u0131 (q\u2090) \u2014 iste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131<\/label><div class=\"term\">q\u2090<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><div class=\"field-group\"><input type=\"text\" name=\"zin_verilen_zemin_basnc_q_istee_bal\" id=\"field-7\" aria-describedby=\"calc-info-7\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" placeholder=\"150\" min=\"0\" value=\"150\"\/><div class=\"grid grid-cols-1\"><select id=\"field-8\" name=\"birim\" aria-label=\"Birim\"><option value=\"kPa\" selected>kPa<\/option><option value=\"ksf\">ksf<\/option><option value=\"psi\">psi<\/option><option value=\"MPa\">MPa<\/option><\/select><svg class=\"pointer-events-none col-start-1 row-start-1 mr-2 size-5 self-center justify-self-end text-gray-500 sm:size-4\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-slot=\"icon\">\n              <path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4.22 6.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 8.94l2.72-2.72a.75.75 0 1 1 1.06 1.06l-3.25 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L4.22 7.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" \/>\n            <\/svg><\/div><\/div><small id=\"calc-info-7\">Net veya br\u00fct zemin ta\u015f\u0131ma kapasitesi; kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 atlamak i\u00e7in bo\u015f b\u0131rak\u0131n veya 0 girin<\/small><\/div><\/fieldset><div class=\"buttons\"><button type=\"submit\" data-text=\"Yeniden hesapla\" id=\"calculate-button\" data-post=\"3980\">Hesapla<\/button><button type=\"reset\">S\u0131f\u0131rla<\/button><\/div><div class=\"field is-checkbox hidden!\" id=\"field-auto-calc\"><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"auto-calc\"><label for=\"auto-calc\">Otomatik hesapla<\/label><small>Etkinle\u015ftirilirse, herhangi bir de\u011feri de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011finizde sonu\u00e7 otomatik olarak g\u00fcncellenir.<\/small><\/div><div class=\"fieldset-result is-hidden\" aria-labelledby=\"result-title\" aria-live=\"polite\" role=\"region\"> <h3 class=\"result-title bg-gradient-to-r from-primary-50 to-gray-50 dark:from-primary-900 dark:to-gray-800\" id=\"result-title\"><span class=\"icon icon-s-pulse\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span> Zemin Bas\u0131nc\u0131 Kontrol\u00fc<\/h3><div class=\"result-box\"><div class=\"field-result\" id=\"output-1\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Ortalama zemin bas\u0131nc\u0131<\/span><span class=\"result-term\">q<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-1\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Sonucu kopyala\" aria-label=\"Sonucu kopyala\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"field-result\" id=\"output-2\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>\u0130zin verilen bas\u0131n\u00e7la kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma<\/span><span class=\"result-term\">\u03b7<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-2\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Sonucu kopyala\" aria-label=\"Sonucu kopyala\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"field-result is-column\" id=\"output-3\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Form\u00fcl ve notlar<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-3\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Sonucu kopyala\" aria-label=\"Sonucu kopyala\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div><div class=\"result-actions\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-link\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M12.232 4.232a2.5 2.5 0 0 1 3.536 3.536l-1.225 1.224a.75.75 0 0 0 1.061 1.06l1.224-1.224a4 4 0 0 0-5.656-5.656l-3 3a4 4 0 0 0 .225 5.865.75.75 0 0 0 .977-1.138 2.5 2.5 0 0 1-.142-3.667l3-3Z\"\/><path d=\"M11.603 7.963a.75.75 0 0 0-.977 1.138 2.5 2.5 0 0 1 .142 3.667l-3 3a2.5 2.5 0 0 1-3.536-3.536l1.225-1.224a.75.75 0 0 0-1.061-1.06l-1.224 1.224a4 4 0 1 0 5.656 5.656l3-3a4 4 0 0 0-.225-5.865Z\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"copy-link__text\">Bu hesaplaman\u0131n ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kopyala<\/span><\/button><span class=\"sr-only\" role=\"status\" id=\"copy-link-status\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><a href=\"#respond\" class=\"hidden transition-opacity duration-300 opacity-0 w-50 text-sm justify-center items-center gap-2 px-4 py-2 rounded bg-gray-200 text-gray-700 hover:bg-gray-300\" id=\"leave-comment\"><span class=\"icon icon-comments\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Yorum b\u0131rak<\/a><\/form><\/section><section id=\"calc-reactions\" class=\"not-prose hidden my-12 bg-gradient-to-r from-primary-50 to-gray-50 border border-indigo-100 rounded-xl px-6 py-4 shadow-sm\" data-post=\"3980\" aria-live=\"polite\" aria-labelledby=\"calc-reactions-title\"><p id=\"calc-reactions-title\" class=\"text-sm text-gray-500 text-center mb-2\">Bu sonu\u00e7 hakk\u0131nda ne d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorsunuz?<\/p><div role=\"group\" aria-labelledby=\"calc-reactions-title\" class=\"grid grid-cols-3 sm:flex sm:flex-row sm:justify-around gap-4 sm:items-center sm:flex-wrap\"><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"like\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"like\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\ude00 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Be\u011fendim <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"helpful\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"helpful\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\udca1 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Faydal\u0131 <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"confused\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"confused\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\ude15 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Kafam kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131 <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"disappointed\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"disappointed\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\ude1e <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"inaccurate\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"inaccurate\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u274c <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Hatal\u0131 <\/span><\/button><\/div><div id=\"reaction-message\" class=\"hidden mt-8 rounded-md border border-primary-100 bg-white\/50 backdrop-blur-sm px-4 py-2 text-sm text-center shadow-sm\"><\/div><\/section><div class=\"calcdash-ad not-prose calcdash-ad--calc_result calcdash-ad--in-article\"><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-1721569815777345\" data-ad-slot=\"6317458308\" data-ad-layout=\"in-article\" data-ad-format=\"fluid\"><\/ins><script>(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});<\/script><\/div>\n<style id=\"wpcoderpro-inline-1\">.formula-box {\r\n\tborder-bottom: none !important;\r\n}<\/style><section class=\"formula-box\" aria-labelledby=\"formula-title\">\r\n\t<div id=\"formula-title\" class=\"not-prose font-display mb-4\"><span class=\"icon icon-formula\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2>Temel Taban Gerilmesi<\/h2><\/div>\r\n\t<figure class=\"not-prose formula\">\r\n\t\t<figcaption class=\"formula-title\">Form\u00fcl<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<div class=\"text-base text-gray-800\" id=\"formula\">\n\\[ q = \\frac{P}{A} = \\frac{P}{L \\times B} \\]<\/div>\r\n\t<\/figure>\r\n\t<\/p>\n<p><strong>Burada:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\\(q\\) \u2014 temel alt\u0131ndaki ortalama zemin gerilmesi (kPa, ksf, psi)<\/li>\n<li>\\(P\\) \u2014 temel a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve zemin ilave y\u00fck\u00fc d\u00e2hil, temel taban\u0131ndaki toplam d\u00fc\u015fey y\u00fck (kN, kip, lb)<\/li>\n<li>\\(L\\) \u2014 temel uzunlu\u011fu, plandaki uzun kenar (m, ft)<\/li>\n<li>\\(B\\) \u2014 temel geni\u015fli\u011fi, plandaki k\u0131sa kenar (m, ft)<\/li>\n<li>\\(A = L \\times B\\) \u2014 temelle zemin aras\u0131ndaki plan temas alan\u0131<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Form\u00fcl, toplam d\u00fc\u015fey y\u00fck\u00fc temelin plan alan\u0131na b\u00f6ler ve b\u00f6ylece temelin zemine aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131 tekbi\u00e7imli gerilmeyi verir. Y\u00fck\u00fcn temelin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k merkezinden ge\u00e7ti\u011fi varsay\u0131l\u0131r; bu sayede gerilme tabana e\u015fit olarak da\u011f\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\r\n<\/section>\n<style id=\"wpcoderpro-inline-2\">.calculation-box {\r\n\tborder-bottom: none !important;\r\n}<\/style><section id=\"calculation\" class=\"calculation-box\" aria-labelledby=\"calculation-title\">\r\n\t<div id=\"calculation-title\" class=\"not-prose font-display\"><span class=\"icon icon-unordered-list\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2>Temel Taban Gerilmesi \u2013 Hesap \u00d6rne\u011fi<\/h2><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>{example}<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00d6rnek:<\/strong> 2,4 m \u00d7 1,8 m \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerinde bir temel, taban\u0131nda toplam 300 kN'luk bir d\u00fc\u015fey y\u00fck ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. \u0130zin verilen zemin ta\u015f\u0131ma gerilmesi 150 kPa'dir.<\/p>\n<p>\\[ A = L \\times B = 2.4 \\times 1.8 = 4.32\\ \\text{m}^2 \\]<\/p>\n<p>\\[ q = \\frac{P}{A} = \\frac{300}{4.32} = 69.44\\ \\text{kPa} \\]<\/p>\n<p>\\[ \\eta = \\frac{q}{q_a} = \\frac{69.44}{150} = 0.463 = 46.3\\% \\]<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sonu\u00e7:<\/strong> ortalama taban gerilmesi 69,44 kPa (\u2248 1,45 ksf) olup, bu, 150 kPa'lik izin verilen de\u011ferin yaln\u0131zca %46,3'\u00fc kadard\u0131r \u2014 kontrol yakla\u015f\u0131k 2,16 kat g\u00fcvenlik pay\u0131yla ge\u00e7mektedir.<\/p>\n<p>{\/example}<\/p>\n\r\n<\/section>\n<h2>Hesaplay\u0131c\u0131 Nas\u0131l Kullan\u0131l\u0131r?<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>D\u00fc\u015fey y\u00fck\u00fc (P)<\/strong> girin \u2014 temel a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve varsa zemin ilave y\u00fck\u00fc d\u00e2hil, temel taban\u0131ndaki toplam hizmet y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc \u2014 ve birimini (kN, kip veya lb) se\u00e7in.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Temel uzunlu\u011funu (L)<\/strong>, yani plandaki uzun kenar\u0131 girin ve birimini (m, cm, ft veya in) se\u00e7in.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Temel geni\u015fli\u011fini (B)<\/strong>, plandaki k\u0131sa kenar\u0131 ayn\u0131 birim se\u00e7enekleriyle girin.<\/li>\n<li>\u0130sterseniz <strong>izin verilen ta\u015f\u0131ma gerilmesini (q\u2090)<\/strong> kPa, ksf, psi veya MPa cinsinden girin. Yaln\u0131zca kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131z gerilme de\u011ferini g\u00f6rmek istiyorsan\u0131z bo\u015f b\u0131rak\u0131n veya 0 girin.<\/li>\n<li>Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 okuyun: <strong>Ortalama zemin gerilmesi<\/strong> (se\u00e7ti\u011finiz birim ve ikinci bir birime \u00e7evrilmi\u015f olarak) ve izin verilen bir de\u011fer girildiyse, kullan\u0131m y\u00fczdesi ve UYGUN \/ A\u015eILIYOR sonucuyla birlikte <strong>izin verilen gerilmeyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Taban Gerilmesi Nedir ve Neden \u00d6nemlidir?<\/h2>\n<p>Taban gerilmesi, bir temelin taban\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131ndaki zemine uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 temas gerilmesidir. Bir kolon alt\u0131ndaki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck tekil temelden bir duvar alt\u0131ndaki uzun s\u00fcrekli temele kadar her temel, asl\u0131nda yap\u0131sal y\u00fck\u00fc zeminin a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 otumaya veya kayma k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na u\u011framadan ta\u015f\u0131yabilece\u011fi kadar geni\u015f bir alana yayarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Ortalama taban gerilmesi \u2014 toplam y\u00fck\u00fcn temas alan\u0131na b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u2014 bir tasar\u0131mc\u0131n\u0131n kontrol etti\u011fi ilk ve en temel say\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Kontrol\u00fcn kendisi basittir: ortalama gerilme, izin verilen ta\u015f\u0131ma gerilmesini a\u015fmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu de\u011fer jeoteknik ara\u015ft\u0131rmadan, yap\u0131 y\u00f6netmeliklerinden ya da yayg\u0131n zemin t\u00fcrleri i\u00e7in muhafazak\u00e2r varsay\u0131lan de\u011ferlerden belirlenir. Tipik izin verilen de\u011ferler, yumu\u015fak killer ve gev\u015fek kumlar i\u00e7in yakla\u015f\u0131k 50\u201375 kPa'den, s\u0131k\u0131 \u00e7ak\u0131l, s\u0131k\u0131 kum veya ayr\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f kaya i\u00e7in 300 kPa ve \u00fczerine kadar de\u011fi\u015fir. Hesaplanan gerilme izin verilen de\u011feri a\u015farsa temel b\u00fcy\u00fct\u00fclmeli, y\u00fck azalt\u0131lmal\u0131 ya da zemin iyile\u015ftirilmelidir (\u00f6rne\u011fin s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak veya de\u011fi\u015ftirilerek).<\/li>\n<p>Kullan\u0131m oran\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fru yorumlamak da ayn\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde \u00f6nemlidir. Yukar\u0131daki \u00f6rnekteki gibi %46'l\u0131k bir sonu\u00e7 rahatt\u0131r ama ekonomi \u00f6nemliyse temeli k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcltme pay\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131r; %100'\u00fcn \u00fczerindeki bir sonu\u00e7 ise kontrol\u00fc do\u011frudan ge\u00e7ersiz k\u0131lar. Bir\u00e7ok tasar\u0131mc\u0131 ayr\u0131ca, oturma \u00e7o\u011fu zaman a\u00e7\u0131k bir ta\u015f\u0131ma g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcnden \u00e7ok daha \u00f6nce belirleyici oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in uzun d\u00f6nem otumay\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlamak amac\u0131yla izin verilen de\u011ferin olduk\u00e7a alt\u0131nda kalmay\u0131 hedefler.<\/p>\n<h2>Varsay\u0131mlar, S\u0131n\u0131rlamalar ve Pratik \u00d6neriler<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Yaln\u0131zca merkez\u00ee y\u00fck.<\/strong> Hesaplay\u0131c\u0131, bile\u015fke y\u00fck\u00fcn temelin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k merkezinden ge\u00e7ti\u011fini ve gerilmenin tekbi\u00e7imli oldu\u011funu varsayar. Merkezden e kadar ka\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan bir eksantrik y\u00fckte maksimum kenar gerilmesi \\(q_{max} = \\frac{P}{A}(1 + \\frac{6e}{B})\\) olur ve bu de\u011ferin de izin verilen gerilmenin alt\u0131nda kalmas\u0131 gerekir. \\(q_{min} = \\frac{P}{A}(1 - \\frac{6e}{B}) \\geq 0\\) ko\u015fulunu da kontrol edin; aksi h\u00e2lde temelin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc zeminden kalkar.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Br\u00fct ve net gerilme.<\/strong> P y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcze temel a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve \u00fczerindeki zemin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n d\u00e2hil olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar verin. Br\u00fct gerilme kontrol\u00fc bunlar\u0131 d\u00e2hil eder; net kontrol, kaz\u0131dan \u00f6nce var olan zemin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u0131\u015flar. P'nin izin verilen de\u011ferle tutarl\u0131 oldu\u011fundan emin olun \u2014 ikisi de br\u00fct ya da ikisi de net olmal\u0131.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Hizmet y\u00fckleri, fakt\u00f6rl\u00fc y\u00fckler de\u011fil.<\/strong> Taban gerilmesi kontrolleri normalde hizmet (fakt\u00f6rlenmemi\u015f) y\u00fcklerle, izin verilen bir gerilmeye kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131r. Fakt\u00f6rl\u00fc y\u00fckler betonun yap\u0131sal dayan\u0131m kontrollerine aittir, zemin kontrol\u00fcne de\u011fil.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0130zin verilen de\u011feri do\u011frulay\u0131n.<\/strong> Y\u00f6netmeliklerdeki varsay\u0131lan izin verilen gerilmeler muhafazak\u00e2r ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktalar\u0131d\u0131r; ger\u00e7ek projelerde, ger\u00e7ek zemin ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131, taban suyu seviyesini ve oturma kriterlerini yans\u0131tan jeoteknik rapor de\u011ferlerini kullan\u0131n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Yatay y\u00fckler ve momentler kapsamamaktad\u0131r.<\/strong> Bu ara\u00e7 yaln\u0131zca d\u00fc\u015fey dengeyi kontrol eder. R\u00fczg\u00e2r \u00e7ekme kuvveti, devrilme momenti ve kayma g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ayr\u0131ca do\u011frulanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Temel \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcleri taban gerilmesi kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc ge\u00e7tikten sonra yap\u0131sal tasar\u0131m ba\u015flar: beton kesitin e\u011filme ve d\u00f6vme (punching) kesme kuvvetine g\u00f6re boyutland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve donat\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi. Temelin ne kadar donat\u0131 gerektirdi\u011fini kestirmek i\u00e7in <a href=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/engineering\/rebar-weight\/\">Donat\u0131 A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hesaplay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131<\/a>, beton kesitteki e\u011filme gerilmelerini kontrol etmek i\u00e7in de <a href=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/muhendislik\/direnme-momenti\/\">Direnme Momenti hesaplay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131<\/a> deneyin. \u00dcstteki yap\u0131daki y\u00fck etkileri ise <a href=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/en\/engineering\/simply-supported-beam-with-uniform-load\/\">E\u015fit Yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Y\u00fckl\u00fc Basit Mesnetli Kiri\u015f hesaplay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131yla<\/a> kontrol edilebilir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>D\u00fc\u015fey y\u00fck\u00fc ve temelin plan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerini girin; temel alt\u0131ndaki ortalama zemin gerilmesini bulun ve izin verilen ta\u015f\u0131ma gerilmesiyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rarak tasar\u0131m\u0131n uygun olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3168,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[29],"class_list":["post-3980","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-muhendislik","tag-insaat-muhendisligi"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3980","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3168"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3980"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3980\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3980"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3980"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3980"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}