{"id":3993,"date":"2026-10-14T21:54:55","date_gmt":"2026-10-14T20:54:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/fizik\/hohmann-transferi-hesaplama\/"},"modified":"2026-10-14T21:54:55","modified_gmt":"2026-10-14T20:54:55","slug":"hohmann-transferi-hesaplama","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/fizik\/hohmann-transferi-hesaplama\/","title":{"rendered":"Hohmann transferi hesaplama arac\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"not-prose calculator-box\" aria-labelledby=\"calculator-title\"><div class=\"flex items-baseline sm:items-center justify-between gap-2 sm:gap-3\"><div class=\"flex flex-col sm:flex-row sm:items-center gap-2\"><span class=\"icon icon-calculator text-primary-700! text-base! dark:text-primary-300!\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 id=\"calculator-title\" class=\"text-lg font-display font-bold\">\u0130ki dairesel y\u00f6r\u00fcnge aras\u0131ndaki Delta-V ve aktar\u0131m s\u00fcresini hesaplay\u0131n<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"calcdash-favorite group\">\n  <button type=\"button\" class=\"favorite\" id=\"favorite\" data-favorite-id=\"3993\" data-favorite-title=\"Hohmann transferi\" data-favorite-url=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/fizik\/hohmann-transferi-hesaplama\/\" data-favorite-excerpt=\"Ayn\u0131 d\u00fczlemdeki iki dairesel y\u00f6r\u00fcnge aras\u0131ndaki Hohmann transferinin iki yakmas\u0131n\u0131, toplam delta-v de\u011ferini ve transfer s\u00fcresini hesaplay\u0131n. K\u00fctle\u00e7ekim parametresini ve iki y\u00f6r\u00fcnge yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131n\u0131 girin.\" aria-label=\"Favorilere ekle\" data-favorite-icon=\"icon icon-astronomy\">\n    <span class=\"icon icon-shape-star-empty\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n  <\/button>\n  <div class=\"calcdash-favorite__tip\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n   <span class=\"favorite-tooltip\" id=\"favorite-tooltip\"><\/span>\n  <\/div>\n  <span class=\"sr-only\" role=\"status\" id=\"favorite-status\"><\/span>\n<\/div><\/div><form action=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/fizik\/hohmann-transferi-hesaplama\/\" method=\"POST\" class=\"calculator\" id=\"calculator-3993\" data-post=\"3993\"><fieldset class=\"fieldset-input is-1\"><legend class=\"sr-only\">Giri\u015f alanlar\u0131<\/legend><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-1\"><label for=\"field-1\">Yer\u00e7ekimi parametresi (\u03bc)<\/label><div class=\"term\">\u03bc<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><div class=\"field-group\"><input type=\"text\" name=\"yerekimi_parametresi_\" id=\"field-1\" aria-describedby=\"calc-info-1\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" placeholder=\"e.g. 398600.44\" min=\"0\" value=\"398600.4418\"\/><div class=\"grid grid-cols-1\"><select id=\"field-2\" name=\"birim\" aria-label=\"Birim\"><option value=\"km3s2\" selected>km\u00b3\/s\u00b2<\/option><option value=\"m3s2\">m\u00b3\/s\u00b2<\/option><\/select><svg class=\"pointer-events-none col-start-1 row-start-1 mr-2 size-5 self-center justify-self-end text-gray-500 sm:size-4\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-slot=\"icon\">\n              <path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4.22 6.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 8.94l2.72-2.72a.75.75 0 1 1 1.06 1.06l-3.25 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L4.22 7.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" \/>\n            <\/svg><\/div><\/div><small id=\"calc-info-1\">\u03bc = G\u00b7M, merkez g\u00f6k cisminin de\u011feri. D\u00fcnya = 398.600,44 km\u00b3\/s\u00b2, Ay = 4.902,8, G\u00fcne\u015f = 1,32712\u00d710\u00b9\u00b9, Mars = 42.828,4 km\u00b3\/s\u00b2.<\/small><\/div><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-2\"><label for=\"field-3\">Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 y\u00f6r\u00fcnge yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 (r\u2081)<\/label><div class=\"term\">r\u2081<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><div class=\"field-group\"><input type=\"text\" name=\"balang_yrnge_yarap_r\" id=\"field-3\" aria-describedby=\"calc-info-3\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" placeholder=\"e.g. 6678\" min=\"0\" value=\"6678\"\/><div class=\"grid grid-cols-1\"><select id=\"field-4\" name=\"birim\" aria-label=\"Birim\"><option value=\"km\" selected>km<\/option><option value=\"m\">m<\/option><option value=\"mi\">mil<\/option><\/select><svg class=\"pointer-events-none col-start-1 row-start-1 mr-2 size-5 self-center justify-self-end text-gray-500 sm:size-4\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-slot=\"icon\">\n              <path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4.22 6.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 8.94l2.72-2.72a.75.75 0 1 1 1.06 1.06l-3.25 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L4.22 7.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" \/>\n            <\/svg><\/div><\/div><small id=\"calc-info-3\">Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 dairesel y\u00f6r\u00fcngesinin yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131; g\u00f6k cisminin merkezinden \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr (y\u00fckseklik de\u011fil!). D\u00fcnya: al\u00e7ak y\u00f6r\u00fcnge (LEO) \u2248 6.678 km, y\u00fczey \u2248 6.371 km.<\/small><\/div><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-3\"><label for=\"field-5\">Hedef y\u00f6r\u00fcnge yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 (r\u2082)<\/label><div class=\"term\">r\u2082<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><div class=\"field-group\"><input type=\"text\" name=\"hedef_yrnge_yarap_r\" id=\"field-5\" aria-describedby=\"calc-info-5\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" placeholder=\"e.g. 42164\" min=\"0\" value=\"42164\"\/><div class=\"grid grid-cols-1\"><select id=\"field-6\" name=\"birim\" aria-label=\"Birim\"><option value=\"km\" selected>km<\/option><option value=\"m\">m<\/option><option value=\"mi\">mil<\/option><\/select><svg class=\"pointer-events-none col-start-1 row-start-1 mr-2 size-5 self-center justify-self-end text-gray-500 sm:size-4\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-slot=\"icon\">\n              <path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4.22 6.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 8.94l2.72-2.72a.75.75 0 1 1 1.06 1.06l-3.25 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L4.22 7.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" \/>\n            <\/svg><\/div><\/div><small id=\"calc-info-5\">Var\u0131\u015f dairesel y\u00f6r\u00fcngesinin yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131. D\u00fcnya: jeoe\u015fzamanl\u0131 y\u00f6r\u00fcnge (GEO) = 42.164 km, GPS \u2248 26.560 km, Ay y\u00f6r\u00fcngesi \u2248 384.400 km.<\/small><\/div><\/fieldset><div class=\"buttons\"><button type=\"submit\" data-text=\"Yeniden hesapla\" id=\"calculate-button\" data-post=\"3993\">Hesapla<\/button><button type=\"reset\">S\u0131f\u0131rla<\/button><\/div><div class=\"field is-checkbox hidden!\" id=\"field-auto-calc\"><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"auto-calc\"><label for=\"auto-calc\">Otomatik hesapla<\/label><small>Etkinle\u015ftirilirse, herhangi bir de\u011feri de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011finizde sonu\u00e7 otomatik olarak g\u00fcncellenir.<\/small><\/div><div class=\"fieldset-result is-hidden\" aria-labelledby=\"result-title\" aria-live=\"polite\" role=\"region\"> <h3 class=\"result-title bg-gradient-to-r from-primary-50 to-gray-50 dark:from-primary-900 dark:to-gray-800\" id=\"result-title\"><span class=\"icon icon-s-pulse\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span> Hohmann aktar\u0131m\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h3><div class=\"result-box\"><div class=\"field-result is-column\" id=\"output-1\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Birinci h\u0131z de\u011fi\u015fimi (\u0394v\u2081)<\/span><span class=\"result-term\">\u0394v\u2081<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-1\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Sonucu kopyala\" aria-label=\"Sonucu kopyala\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"field-result is-column\" id=\"output-2\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>\u0130kinci h\u0131z de\u011fi\u015fimi (\u0394v\u2082)<\/span><span class=\"result-term\">\u0394v\u2082<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-2\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Sonucu kopyala\" aria-label=\"Sonucu kopyala\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"field-result is-column\" id=\"output-3\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Toplam delta-v<\/span><span class=\"result-term\">\u0394v<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-3\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Sonucu kopyala\" aria-label=\"Sonucu kopyala\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"field-result is-column\" id=\"output-4\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Aktar\u0131m s\u00fcresi (aktar\u0131m elipsinin yar\u0131s\u0131)<\/span><span class=\"result-term\">t<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-4\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Sonucu kopyala\" aria-label=\"Sonucu kopyala\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"field-result is-column\" id=\"output-5\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Y\u00f6r\u00fcnge ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 ve yorum<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-5\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Sonucu kopyala\" aria-label=\"Sonucu kopyala\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div><div class=\"result-actions\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-link\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M12.232 4.232a2.5 2.5 0 0 1 3.536 3.536l-1.225 1.224a.75.75 0 0 0 1.061 1.06l1.224-1.224a4 4 0 0 0-5.656-5.656l-3 3a4 4 0 0 0 .225 5.865.75.75 0 0 0 .977-1.138 2.5 2.5 0 0 1-.142-3.667l3-3Z\"\/><path d=\"M11.603 7.963a.75.75 0 0 0-.977 1.138 2.5 2.5 0 0 1 .142 3.667l-3 3a2.5 2.5 0 0 1-3.536-3.536l1.225-1.224a.75.75 0 0 0-1.061-1.06l-1.224 1.224a4 4 0 1 0 5.656 5.656l3-3a4 4 0 0 0-.225-5.865Z\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"copy-link__text\">Bu hesaplaman\u0131n ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kopyala<\/span><\/button><span class=\"sr-only\" role=\"status\" id=\"copy-link-status\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><a href=\"#respond\" class=\"hidden transition-opacity duration-300 opacity-0 w-50 text-sm justify-center items-center gap-2 px-4 py-2 rounded bg-gray-200 text-gray-700 hover:bg-gray-300\" id=\"leave-comment\"><span class=\"icon icon-comments\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Yorum b\u0131rak<\/a><\/form><\/section><section id=\"calc-reactions\" class=\"not-prose hidden my-12 bg-gradient-to-r from-primary-50 to-gray-50 border border-indigo-100 rounded-xl px-6 py-4 shadow-sm\" data-post=\"3993\" aria-live=\"polite\" aria-labelledby=\"calc-reactions-title\"><p id=\"calc-reactions-title\" class=\"text-sm text-gray-500 text-center mb-2\">Bu sonu\u00e7 hakk\u0131nda ne d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorsunuz?<\/p><div role=\"group\" aria-labelledby=\"calc-reactions-title\" class=\"grid grid-cols-3 sm:flex sm:flex-row sm:justify-around gap-4 sm:items-center sm:flex-wrap\"><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"like\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"like\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\ude00 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Be\u011fendim <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"helpful\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"helpful\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\udca1 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Faydal\u0131 <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"confused\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"confused\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\ude15 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Kafam kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131 <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"disappointed\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"disappointed\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\ude1e <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"inaccurate\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"inaccurate\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u274c <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Hatal\u0131 <\/span><\/button><\/div><div id=\"reaction-message\" class=\"hidden mt-8 rounded-md border border-primary-100 bg-white\/50 backdrop-blur-sm px-4 py-2 text-sm text-center shadow-sm\"><\/div><\/section><div class=\"calcdash-ad not-prose calcdash-ad--calc_result calcdash-ad--in-article\"><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-1721569815777345\" data-ad-slot=\"6317458308\" data-ad-layout=\"in-article\" data-ad-format=\"fluid\"><\/ins><script>(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});<\/script><\/div>\n<style id=\"wpcoderpro-inline-1\">.formula-box {\r\n\tborder-bottom: none !important;\r\n}<\/style><section class=\"formula-box\" aria-labelledby=\"formula-title\">\r\n\t<div id=\"formula-title\" class=\"not-prose font-display mb-4\"><span class=\"icon icon-formula\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2>Hohmann transfer form\u00fcl\u00fc<\/h2><\/div>\r\n\t<figure class=\"not-prose formula\">\r\n\t\t<figcaption class=\"formula-title\">Form\u00fcl<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<div class=\"text-base text-gray-800\" id=\"formula\">\n\\[ \\Delta v_1 = \\sqrt{\\frac{\\mu}{r_1}} \\left( \\sqrt{\\frac{2r_2}{r_1+r_2}} - 1 \\right), \\qquad \\Delta v_2 = \\sqrt{\\frac{\\mu}{r_2}} \\left( 1 - \\sqrt{\\frac{2r_1}{r_1+r_2}} \\right) \\\\ t = \\pi \\sqrt{\\frac{a^3}{\\mu}}, \\qquad a = \\frac{r_1 + r_2}{2} \\]\n<\/div>\r\n\t<\/figure>\r\n\t<\/p>\n<p><strong>Burada:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\\(\\mu\\) \u2014 merkez cismin k\u00fctle\u00e7ekim parametresi, \\(\\mu = GM\\) (km\u00b3\/s\u00b2)<\/li>\n<li>\\(r_1\\) \u2014 ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 dairesel y\u00f6r\u00fcngesinin yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131, cismin merkezinden \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr (km)<\/li>\n<li>\\(r_2\\) \u2014 hedef dairesel y\u00f6r\u00fcngesinin yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 (km)<\/li>\n<li>\\(\\Delta v_1, \\Delta v_2\\) \u2014 birinci ve ikinci yakmadaki h\u0131z de\u011fi\u015fimleri (km\/s)<\/li>\n<li>\\(a\\) \u2014 transfer elipsinin yar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck ekseni (km)<\/li>\n<li>\\(t\\) \u2014 transfer s\u00fcresi, yani transfer elipsinin y\u00f6r\u00fcnge periyodunun yar\u0131s\u0131 (s)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0130lk ifade, iki dairesel y\u00f6r\u00fcngeye de te\u011fet olan bir elipse girmek i\u00e7in \\(r_1\\)'de uygulanmas\u0131 gereken yakmay\u0131 verir; ikincisi ise yar\u0131m tur sonra, \\(r_2\\)'de y\u00f6r\u00fcngeyi daireselle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in gereken yakmay\u0131. Toplam delta-v, iki de\u011ferin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fcklerinin toplam\u0131d\u0131r: \\(\\Delta v = |\\Delta v_1| + |\\Delta v_2|\\).<\/p>\n<p>\r\n<\/section>\n<style id=\"wpcoderpro-inline-2\">.calculation-box {\r\n\tborder-bottom: none !important;\r\n}<\/style><section id=\"calculation\" class=\"calculation-box\" aria-labelledby=\"calculation-title\">\r\n\t<div id=\"calculation-title\" class=\"not-prose font-display\"><span class=\"icon icon-unordered-list\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2>Hohmann transferi \u2013 hesaplama \u00f6rne\u011fi<\/h2><\/div>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00d6rnek:<\/strong> 300 km y\u00fckseklikteki al\u00e7ak D\u00fcnya y\u00f6r\u00fcngesinde (yar\u0131\u00e7ap \\(r_1 = 6678\\) km) bulunan bir uzay arac\u0131, yerdura\u011fan y\u00f6r\u00fcngeye (yar\u0131\u00e7ap \\(r_2 = 42{,}164\\) km) aktar\u0131l\u0131yor. D\u00fcnya i\u00e7in \\(\\mu = 398{,}600.44\\) km\u00b3\/s\u00b2'dir.<\/p>\n<p>\\[ \\Delta v_1 = \\sqrt{\\frac{398600.44}{6678}} \\left( \\sqrt{\\frac{2 \\times 42164}{6678 + 42164}} - 1 \\right) = 7.726 \\times 0.3140 = 2.426 \\text{ km\/s} \\]<\/p>\n<p>\\[ \\Delta v_2 = \\sqrt{\\frac{398600.44}{42164}} \\left( 1 - \\sqrt{\\frac{2 \\times 6678}{48842}} \\right) = 3.075 \\times 0.4771 = 1.467 \\text{ km\/s} \\]<\/p>\n<p>\\[ \\Delta v = 2.426 + 1.467 = 3.893 \\text{ km\/s} \\]<\/p>\n<p>\\[ t = \\pi \\sqrt{\\frac{24421^3}{398600.44}} \\approx 18{,}986 \\text{ s} \\approx 5.27 \\text{ h} \\]<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sonu\u00e7:<\/strong> uzay arac\u0131 transfer elipsine girmek i\u00e7in 2,426 km\/s, GEO'da y\u00f6r\u00fcngeyi daireselle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in de 1,467 km\/s yakma yapar \u2014 toplam 3,893 km\/s \u2014 ve transferin kendisi yakla\u015f\u0131k 5,27 saat s\u00fcrer (transfer elipsinin 10,55 saatlik periyodunun yar\u0131s\u0131).<\/p>\n<p>\n\r\n<\/section>\n<h2>Hesaplay\u0131c\u0131 nas\u0131l kullan\u0131l\u0131r?<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>Merkez cismin <strong>k\u00fctle\u00e7ekim parametresini (\u03bc)<\/strong> girin ve birimini (km\u00b3\/s\u00b2 veya m\u00b3\/s\u00b2) se\u00e7in. D\u00fcnya i\u00e7in 398.600,44 km\u00b3\/s\u00b2 kullan\u0131n; Ay, G\u00fcne\u015f ve Mars de\u011ferleri alan a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131nda listelenir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 y\u00f6r\u00fcnge yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131n\u0131 (r\u2081)<\/strong> girin. Bu de\u011fer cismin <em>merkezinden<\/em> olan uzakl\u0131kt\u0131r, irtifa de\u011fildir. Elinizde yaln\u0131zca irtifa varsa, \u00f6nce cismin yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131n\u0131 ekleyin (D\u00fcnya \u2248 6.371 km).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Hedef y\u00f6r\u00fcnge yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131n\u0131 (r\u2082)<\/strong> ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde girin ve her iki yar\u0131\u00e7ap i\u00e7in km, m ya da mil birimini se\u00e7in.<\/li>\n<li>Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 okuyun: <strong>birinci h\u0131z de\u011fi\u015fimi (\u0394v\u2081)<\/strong>, <strong>ikinci h\u0131z de\u011fi\u015fimi (\u0394v\u2082)<\/strong>, <strong>toplam delta-v<\/strong>, <strong>transfer s\u00fcresi<\/strong>; ayr\u0131ca dairesel ve transfer y\u00f6r\u00fcngesindeki h\u0131zlar\u0131, transfer elipsinin yar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck eksenini ve iki y\u00f6r\u00fcngenin periyotlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren bir ayr\u0131nt\u0131 tablosu.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Hohmann transferi nedir?<\/h2>\n<p>Hohmann transferi, bir uzay arac\u0131n\u0131 ayn\u0131 d\u00fczlemde bulunan iki dairesel y\u00f6r\u00fcnge aras\u0131nda tam olarak iki yakmayla ta\u015f\u0131r. Ara\u00e7 \u00f6nce motorunu ileri y\u00f6nde (daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir y\u00f6r\u00fcngeye ge\u00e7ilirken geri y\u00f6nde) ate\u015fler; bunun sonucunda y\u00f6r\u00fcngenin kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131 y\u00fckselir \u2014 ya da al\u00e7al\u0131r \u2014 ve iki daireye de te\u011fet bir elips olu\u015fur. Bu elipsin uzak ucunda, yar\u0131m tur sonra, ikinci bir yakma h\u0131z\u0131 hedef dairesel y\u00f6r\u00fcngeye uyacak bi\u00e7imde ayarlar. Elips her iki y\u00f6r\u00fcngeye de yaln\u0131zca bir kez dokundu\u011fu i\u00e7in geometri tam olarak simetriktir ve yakma b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckleri geometrinin izin verdi\u011fi en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck de\u011ferlerdedir.<\/p>\n<p>Walter Hohmann bu manevray\u0131 1925'te tan\u0131mlad\u0131 ve sonradan, yaln\u0131zca iki itki kullanan e\u015f d\u00fczlemli dairesel y\u00f6r\u00fcngeler aras\u0131 transferler aras\u0131nda yak\u0131t a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan en verimli y\u00f6ntem oldu\u011fu kan\u0131tland\u0131. Bu verimlilik, onu y\u00f6r\u00fcnge y\u00fckseltmenin standart y\u00f6ntemi h\u00e2line getirdi: yerdura\u011fan y\u00f6r\u00fcngeye ula\u015fan haberle\u015fme uydular\u0131 da, G\u00fcne\u015f etraf\u0131ndaki gezegen y\u00f6r\u00fcngeleri aras\u0131nda seyahat eden gezegenleraras\u0131 sondalar da Hohmann tipi y\u00f6r\u00fcngeler izler. \u00d6rne\u011fin klasik D\u00fcnya\u2013Mars transferi, G\u00fcne\u015f merkezli ve yakla\u015f\u0131k 8,5 ay s\u00fcren bir Hohmann elipsidir.<\/p>\n<p>Toplam delta-v, manevran\u0131n ger\u00e7ek \"yak\u0131t maliyetidir\". Roket denklemiyle birle\u015fti\u011finde uzay arac\u0131n\u0131n ka\u00e7 yak\u0131t ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini belirler; bu y\u00fczden g\u00f6rev planlay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 transferleri neredeyse yaln\u0131zca km\/s cinsinden kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. Transfer s\u00fcresi \u2014 elipsin periyodunun yar\u0131s\u0131 \u2014 bu verimlilik kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00f6dedi\u011finiz bedeldir: Hohmann transferi, makul iki yakmal\u0131 rotalar\u0131n <em>en yava\u015f<\/em> olan\u0131d\u0131r. Daha h\u0131zl\u0131 transferler de vard\u0131r, ama daha b\u00fcy\u00fck yakmalar ve farkl\u0131 bir y\u00f6r\u00fcnge bi\u00e7imi gerektirirler.<\/p>\n<p>Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 yorumlarken manevran\u0131n y\u00f6n\u00fcne dikkat edin. D\u0131\u015fa do\u011fru (y\u00f6r\u00fcngeyi y\u00fckselterek) giderken iki yakma da h\u0131zlanmad\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7e do\u011fru giderken ise iki yakma da yava\u015flama manevras\u0131d\u0131r \u2014 hesaplay\u0131c\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fcklerini g\u00f6sterir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc yava\u015flama yakmas\u0131 da ayn\u0131 miktarda yak\u0131t harcar.<\/p>\n<h2>Varsay\u0131mlar, s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar ve pratik ipu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>E\u015f d\u00fczlemli dairesel y\u00f6r\u00fcngeler.<\/strong> Y\u00f6r\u00fcngeler birbirine g\u00f6re e\u011fikse, burada g\u00f6sterilen de\u011ferlere ek olarak d\u00fczlem de\u011fi\u015ftirme yakmalar\u0131 gerekir ve yakmalar\u0131n en uygun payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 da de\u011fi\u015fir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Anl\u0131k yakmalar.<\/strong> Ger\u00e7ek motorlar dakikalar boyunca \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r; bu, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ekim kay\u0131plar\u0131 ekler. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck iti\u015fli (elektrikli) tahrik ise tamamen farkl\u0131, sarmal bir y\u00f6r\u00fcnge kullan\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Noktasal k\u00fctle, tedirginlik yok.<\/strong> \u00c7ok al\u00e7ak y\u00f6r\u00fcngelerdeki atmosfer s\u00fcr\u00fcklenmesi, cismin bas\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc cisim \u00e7ekimi g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilir. Al\u00e7ak D\u00fcnya y\u00f6r\u00fcngesinde <a href=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/fizik\/surukleme-kuvveti-hesaplama\/\">atmosfer s\u00fcr\u00fcklenmesi<\/a> y\u00f6r\u00fcngeyi s\u00fcrekli al\u00e7alt\u0131r ve bunun ayr\u0131ca telafi edilmesi gerekir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Yar\u0131\u00e7ap, irtifa de\u011fil.<\/strong> En s\u0131k yap\u0131lan giri\u015f hatas\u0131 irtifay\u0131 girmektir. Yar\u0131\u00e7ap = irtifa + cismin yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131; varsay\u0131lan \u00f6rnek (300 km irtifa \u2192 6.678 km yar\u0131\u00e7ap) bu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc D\u00fcnya i\u00e7in g\u00f6sterir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00c7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck yar\u0131\u00e7ap oranlar\u0131.<\/strong> \\(r_2\/r_1\\) yakla\u015f\u0131k 11,9'u a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, \u00fc\u00e7 yakmayla \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek bir ara y\u00f6r\u00fcngeden ge\u00e7en bi-eliptik transfer, toplam delta-v a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Hohmann transferini ge\u00e7ebilir; bedeli ise \u00e7ok daha u\u00e7u\u015f s\u00fcresidir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Gezegenleraras\u0131 transferler.<\/strong> G\u00fcne\u015f'in \\(\\mu\\) de\u011ferini (1,32712\u00d710\u00b9\u00b9 km\u00b3\/s\u00b2) ve iki gezegenin y\u00f6r\u00fcnge yar\u0131\u00e7aplar\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131n; ayr\u0131ca gezegenlerin kalk\u0131\u015f an\u0131nda do\u011fru faz a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131nda olmalar\u0131 gerekti\u011fini unutmay\u0131n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>H\u0131zl\u0131 ba\u015fvuru i\u00e7in yayg\u0131n k\u00fctle\u00e7ekim parametreleri: D\u00fcnya 398.600,44 km\u00b3\/s\u00b2, Ay 4.902,8 km\u00b3\/s\u00b2, Mars 42.828,4 km\u00b3\/s\u00b2 ve G\u00fcne\u015f 1,32712\u00d710\u00b9\u00b9 km\u00b3\/s\u00b2. \u0130\u015fe yarar D\u00fcnya yar\u0131\u00e7aplar\u0131: LEO \u2248 6.678 km, GPS \u2248 26.560 km, GEO = 42.164 km ve Ay'\u0131n y\u00f6r\u00fcngesi \u2248 384.400 km \u2014 t\u00fcm\u00fc D\u00fcnya'n\u0131n merkezinden \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ayn\u0131 d\u00fczlemdeki iki dairesel y\u00f6r\u00fcnge aras\u0131ndaki Hohmann transferinin iki yakmas\u0131n\u0131, toplam delta-v de\u011ferini ve transfer s\u00fcresini hesaplay\u0131n. K\u00fctle\u00e7ekim parametresini ve iki y\u00f6r\u00fcnge yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131n\u0131 girin.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3168,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[88],"class_list":["post-3993","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fizik","tag-yercekimi-uzay"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3993","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3168"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3993"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3993\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3993"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3993"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3993"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}