{"id":413,"date":"2026-10-03T14:10:34","date_gmt":"2026-10-03T13:10:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/hardy-weinberg-dengesi\/"},"modified":"2026-10-03T14:10:34","modified_gmt":"2026-10-03T13:10:34","slug":"hardy-weinberg-dengesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/tisbi\/hardy-weinberg-dengesi\/","title":{"rendered":"Hardy-Weinberg Denge Hesaplay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"not-prose calculator-box\" aria-labelledby=\"calculator-title\"><div class=\"flex items-baseline sm:items-center justify-between gap-2 sm:gap-3\"><div class=\"flex flex-col sm:flex-row sm:items-center gap-2\"><span class=\"icon icon-calculator text-primary-700! text-base! dark:text-primary-300!\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 id=\"calculator-title\" class=\"text-lg font-display font-bold\">Hardy-Weinberg Frekanslar\u0131 ve Ki-Kare Testi<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"calcdash-favorite group\">\n  <button type=\"button\" class=\"favorite\" id=\"favorite\" data-favorite-id=\"413\" data-favorite-title=\"Hardy-Weinberg Dengesi\" data-favorite-url=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/tisbi\/hardy-weinberg-dengesi\/\" data-favorite-excerpt=\"Pop\u00fclasyonun Hardy-Weinberg dengesinde olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 test etmek i\u00e7in dominant homozigot, heterozigot ve resesif homozigot bireylerin g\u00f6zlenen say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 girin; alel frekanslar\u0131n\u0131 (p ve q), beklenen genotip frekanslar\u0131n\u0131 ve ki-kare istatisti\u011fini hesaplay\u0131n.\" aria-label=\"Favorilere ekle\" data-favorite-icon=\"icon icon-flask\">\n    <span class=\"icon icon-shape-star-empty\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n  <\/button>\n  <div class=\"calcdash-favorite__tip\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n   <span class=\"favorite-tooltip\" id=\"favorite-tooltip\"><\/span>\n  <\/div>\n  <span class=\"sr-only\" role=\"status\" id=\"favorite-status\"><\/span>\n<\/div><\/div><form action=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/tisbi\/hardy-weinberg-dengesi\/\" method=\"POST\" class=\"calculator\" id=\"calculator-413\" data-post=\"413\"><fieldset class=\"fieldset-input is-1\"><legend class=\"sr-only\">Giri\u015f alanlar\u0131<\/legend><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-1\"><label for=\"field-1\">Homozigot dominant<\/label><div class=\"term\">HD<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><input type=\"text\" name=\"homozigot_dominant\" id=\"field-1\" aria-describedby=\"calc-info-1\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" min=\"0\" value=\"50\"\/><small id=\"calc-info-1\">Bask\u0131n homozigot genotipe (AA) sahip birey say\u0131s\u0131<\/small><\/div><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-2\"><label for=\"field-2\">Heterozigot<\/label><div class=\"term\">H<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><input type=\"text\" name=\"heterozigot\" id=\"field-2\" aria-describedby=\"calc-info-2\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" min=\"0\" value=\"30\"\/><small id=\"calc-info-2\">Heterozigot birey say\u0131s\u0131 (Aa)<\/small><\/div><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-3\"><label for=\"field-3\">Homozigot resesif<\/label><div class=\"term\">HR<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><input type=\"text\" name=\"homozigot_resesif\" id=\"field-3\" aria-describedby=\"calc-info-3\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" min=\"0\" value=\"20\"\/><small id=\"calc-info-3\">\u00c7ekinik homozigot genotipe (aa) sahip birey say\u0131s\u0131<\/small><\/div><\/fieldset><div class=\"buttons\"><button type=\"submit\" data-text=\"Yeniden hesapla\" id=\"calculate-button\" data-post=\"413\">Hesapla<\/button><button type=\"reset\">S\u0131f\u0131rla<\/button><\/div><div class=\"field is-checkbox hidden!\" id=\"field-auto-calc\"><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"auto-calc\"><label for=\"auto-calc\">Otomatik hesapla<\/label><small>Etkinle\u015ftirilirse, herhangi bir de\u011feri de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011finizde sonu\u00e7 otomatik olarak g\u00fcncellenir.<\/small><\/div><div class=\"fieldset-result is-hidden\" aria-labelledby=\"result-title\" aria-live=\"polite\" role=\"region\"> <h3 class=\"result-title bg-gradient-to-r from-primary-50 to-gray-50 dark:from-primary-900 dark:to-gray-800\" id=\"result-title\"><span class=\"icon icon-s-pulse\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span> Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131z<\/h3><div class=\"result-box\"><div class=\"field-result\" id=\"output-1\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Alel frekans\u0131 p<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-1\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Sonucu kopyala\" aria-label=\"Sonucu kopyala\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"field-result\" id=\"output-2\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Alel frekans\u0131 q<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-2\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Sonucu kopyala\" aria-label=\"Sonucu kopyala\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"field-result\" id=\"output-3\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Beklenen HD (AA)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-3\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Sonucu kopyala\" aria-label=\"Sonucu kopyala\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"field-result\" id=\"output-4\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Beklenen H (Aa)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-4\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Sonucu kopyala\" aria-label=\"Sonucu kopyala\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"field-result\" id=\"output-5\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Beklenen HR (aa)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-5\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Sonucu kopyala\" aria-label=\"Sonucu kopyala\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"field-result\" id=\"output-6\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Ki-kare (\u03c7\u00b2)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-6\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Sonucu kopyala\" aria-label=\"Sonucu kopyala\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div><div class=\"result-actions\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-link\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M12.232 4.232a2.5 2.5 0 0 1 3.536 3.536l-1.225 1.224a.75.75 0 0 0 1.061 1.06l1.224-1.224a4 4 0 0 0-5.656-5.656l-3 3a4 4 0 0 0 .225 5.865.75.75 0 0 0 .977-1.138 2.5 2.5 0 0 1-.142-3.667l3-3Z\"\/><path d=\"M11.603 7.963a.75.75 0 0 0-.977 1.138 2.5 2.5 0 0 1 .142 3.667l-3 3a2.5 2.5 0 0 1-3.536-3.536l1.225-1.224a.75.75 0 0 0-1.061-1.06l-1.224 1.224a4 4 0 1 0 5.656 5.656l3-3a4 4 0 0 0-.225-5.865Z\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"copy-link__text\">Bu hesaplaman\u0131n ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kopyala<\/span><\/button><span class=\"sr-only\" role=\"status\" id=\"copy-link-status\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><a href=\"#respond\" class=\"hidden transition-opacity duration-300 opacity-0 w-50 text-sm justify-center items-center gap-2 px-4 py-2 rounded bg-gray-200 text-gray-700 hover:bg-gray-300\" id=\"leave-comment\"><span class=\"icon icon-comments\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Yorum b\u0131rak<\/a><\/form><\/section><section id=\"calc-reactions\" class=\"not-prose hidden my-12 bg-gradient-to-r from-primary-50 to-gray-50 border border-indigo-100 rounded-xl px-6 py-4 shadow-sm\" data-post=\"413\" aria-live=\"polite\" aria-labelledby=\"calc-reactions-title\"><p id=\"calc-reactions-title\" class=\"text-sm text-gray-500 text-center mb-2\">Bu sonu\u00e7 hakk\u0131nda ne d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorsunuz?<\/p><div role=\"group\" aria-labelledby=\"calc-reactions-title\" class=\"grid grid-cols-3 sm:flex sm:flex-row sm:justify-around gap-4 sm:items-center sm:flex-wrap\"><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"like\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"like\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\ude00 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Be\u011fendim <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"helpful\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"helpful\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\udca1 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Faydal\u0131 <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"confused\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"confused\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\ude15 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Kafam kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131 <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"disappointed\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"disappointed\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\ude1e <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"inaccurate\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"inaccurate\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u274c <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Hatal\u0131 <\/span><\/button><\/div><div id=\"reaction-message\" class=\"hidden mt-8 rounded-md border border-primary-100 bg-white\/50 backdrop-blur-sm px-4 py-2 text-sm text-center shadow-sm\"><\/div><\/section><div class=\"calcdash-ad not-prose calcdash-ad--calc_result calcdash-ad--in-article\"><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-1721569815777345\" data-ad-slot=\"6317458308\" data-ad-layout=\"in-article\" data-ad-format=\"fluid\"><\/ins><script>(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});<\/script><\/div>\n<style id=\"wpcoderpro-inline-1\">.formula-box {\r\n\tborder-bottom: none !important;\r\n}<\/style><section class=\"formula-box\" aria-labelledby=\"formula-title\">\r\n\t<div id=\"formula-title\" class=\"not-prose font-display mb-4\"><span class=\"icon icon-formula\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2>Hardy-Weinberg Denge Form\u00fcl\u00fc<\/h2><\/div>\r\n\t<figure class=\"not-prose formula\">\r\n\t\t<figcaption class=\"formula-title\">Form\u00fcl<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<div class=\"text-base text-gray-800\" id=\"formula\">\n\\[ p = \\frac{CH + 0.5 \\cdot H}{CH + H + RH}, \\qquad q = \\frac{RH + 0.5 \\cdot H}{CH + H + RH} \\\\\nE_{CH} = p^2 N, \\qquad E_H = 2pqN, \\qquad E_{RH} = q^2 N \\\\\n\\chi^2 = \\frac{(CH - E_{CH})^2}{E_{CH}} + \\frac{(H - E_H)^2}{E_H} + \\frac{(RH - E_{RH})^2}{E_{RH}} \\]\n<\/div>\r\n\t<\/figure>\r\n\t<\/p>\n<p><strong>Burada:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\\(CH\\) \u2014 dominant homozigot (AA) birey say\u0131s\u0131<\/li>\n<li>\\(H\\) \u2014 heterozigot (Aa) birey say\u0131s\u0131<\/li>\n<li>\\(RH\\) \u2014 resesif homozigot (aa) birey say\u0131s\u0131<\/li>\n<li>\\(N\\) \u2014 toplam pop\u00fclasyon b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, \\(N = CH + H + RH\\)<\/li>\n<li>\\(p\\), \\(q\\) \u2014 A ve a alellerinin frekanslar\u0131 (\\(p + q = 1\\))<\/li>\n<li>\\(E_{CH}\\), \\(E_H\\), \\(E_{RH}\\) \u2014 denge durumunda beklenen genotip say\u0131lar\u0131<\/li>\n<li>\\(\\chi^2\\) \u2014 dengeden sapmay\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7en ki-kare istatisti\u011fi<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0130lk iki denklem genotip say\u0131lar\u0131ndan alel frekanslar\u0131n\u0131 tahmin eder (heterozigotlar her alelden bir kopya ta\u015f\u0131r), ortadaki \u00fc\u00e7\u00fc Hardy-Weinberg dengesi alt\u0131nda beklenen genotip say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 verir ve sonuncusu, g\u00f6zlenen say\u0131lar\u0131n bu beklentilerden ne kadar sapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 nicelle\u015ftirir.<\/p>\n<p>\r\n<\/section>\n<style id=\"wpcoderpro-inline-2\">.calculation-box {\r\n\tborder-bottom: none !important;\r\n}<\/style><section id=\"calculation\" class=\"calculation-box\" aria-labelledby=\"calculation-title\">\r\n\t<div id=\"calculation-title\" class=\"not-prose font-display\"><span class=\"icon icon-unordered-list\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2>Hardy-Weinberg Dengesi \u2013 Hesaplama \u00d6rne\u011fi<\/h2><\/div>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00d6rnek:<\/strong> 100 bireyden olu\u015fan bir \u00f6rneklemde 50 dominant homozigot (AA), 30 heterozigot (Aa) ve 20 resesif homozigot (aa) birey bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\\[ p = \\frac{50 + 0.5 \\cdot 30}{100} = 0.65, \\qquad q = \\frac{20 + 0.5 \\cdot 30}{100} = 0.35 \\]<\/p>\n<p>\\[ E_{CH} = 0.65^2 \\cdot 100 = 42.25, \\quad E_H = 2(0.65)(0.35) \\cdot 100 = 45.5, \\quad E_{RH} = 0.35^2 \\cdot 100 = 12.25 \\]<\/p>\n<p>\\[ \\chi^2 = \\frac{(50 - 42.25)^2}{42.25} + \\frac{(30 - 45.5)^2}{45.5} + \\frac{(20 - 12.25)^2}{12.25} \\approx 11.61 \\]<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sonu\u00e7:<\/strong> \\(p = 0.65\\), \\(q = 0.35\\); beklenen say\u0131lar 42,25 AA, 45,5 Aa, 12,25 aa; \\(\\chi^2 \\approx 11.61\\). 11,61 de\u011feri kritik de\u011fer olan 3,84'\u00fc (1 serbestlik derecesi, \\(\\alpha = 0.05\\)) a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, pop\u00fclasyon Hardy-Weinberg dengesinden anlaml\u0131 bi\u00e7imde sapmaktad\u0131r \u2014 heterozigot eksikli\u011fi s\u00f6z konusudur.<\/p>\n<p>\n\r\n<\/section>\n<h2>Hesaplay\u0131c\u0131 Nas\u0131l Kullan\u0131l\u0131r?<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0130lk alana <strong>dominant homozigot<\/strong> birey (AA genotipi) say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 girin.<\/li>\n<li>\u0130kinci alana <strong>heterozigot<\/strong> birey (Aa genotipi) say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 girin.<\/li>\n<li>\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc alana <strong>resesif homozigot<\/strong> birey (aa genotipi) say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 girin.<\/li>\n<li>Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 okuyun: <strong>p<\/strong> ve <strong>q<\/strong> alel frekanslar\u0131, her genotipin <strong>beklenen<\/strong> say\u0131lar\u0131 ve <strong>Ki-kare (\u03c7\u00b2)<\/strong> istatisti\u011fi.<\/li>\n<li>Pop\u00fclasyonun denge i\u00e7inde olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmek i\u00e7in ki-kare de\u011ferini a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki kritik de\u011ferle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Hardy-Weinberg Dengesi Nedir?<\/h2>\n<p>Hardy-Weinberg ilkesi, evrimsel kuvvetlerin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda bir pop\u00fclasyondaki alel ve genotip frekanslar\u0131n\u0131n ku\u015faktan ku\u015fa\u011fa sabit kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtir. Frekanslar\u0131 \\(p\\) ve \\(q\\) olan (\\(p + q = 1\\)) A ve a olmak \u00fczere iki alelli bir gen i\u00e7in, bir ku\u015fak rastgele \u00e7iftle\u015fme sonras\u0131nda genotip frekanslar\u0131 \\(p^2\\) (AA), \\(2pq\\) (Aa) ve \\(q^2\\) (aa) olur. Bu ili\u015fki yaln\u0131zca ideal ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda ge\u00e7erlidir: mutasyon olmamas\u0131, g\u00f6\u00e7 (migrasyon) olmamas\u0131, do\u011fal se\u00e7ilim olmamas\u0131, sonsuz b\u00fcy\u00fck pop\u00fclasyon b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc (genetik s\u00fcr\u00fcklenme olmamas\u0131) ve rastgele \u00e7iftle\u015fme.<\/p>\n<p>Ger\u00e7ek pop\u00fclasyonlar bu ko\u015fullar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc nadiren tam olarak sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, Hardy-Weinberg dengesi bir bo\u015f (null) model olarak hizmet eder. G\u00f6zlenen genotip say\u0131lar\u0131 beklenen \\(p^2 : 2pq : q^2\\) oranlar\u0131yla uyumluysa, o lokusta evrimsel kuvvetlerin etkin oldu\u011funa dair kan\u0131t yoktur. Uyum yoksa sapma, bozulan bir veya daha fazla varsay\u0131ma i\u015faret eder \u2014 se\u00e7ilim, rastgele olmayan \u00e7iftle\u015fme (inbreeding), genetik s\u00fcr\u00fcklenme, mutasyon, g\u00f6\u00e7 veya genotipleme hatas\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Ki-kare uyum iyili\u011fi testi, g\u00f6zlenen ve beklenen say\u0131lar aras\u0131ndaki uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 nicelle\u015ftirir. Alel frekanslar\u0131 ayn\u0131 veriden tahmin edildi\u011fi i\u00e7in testin \\(3 - 1 - 1 = 1\\) serbestlik derecesi vard\u0131r. Geleneksel 0,05 anlaml\u0131l\u0131k d\u00fczeyinde kritik de\u011fer 3,84't\u00fcr: 3,84'\u00fcn alt\u0131ndaki bir \u03c7\u00b2 de\u011feri dengeyle uyumludur; daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir de\u011fer ise anlaml\u0131 bir sapmaya i\u015faret eder. Alel frekanslar\u0131 p ve q, denge testi reddedilse bile yararl\u0131 \u00f6zet istatistikler olmaya devam eder.<\/p>\n<p>Bu ara\u00e7 pop\u00fclasyon geneti\u011finde, evrimsel biyolojide ve s\u0131n\u0131f al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131nda yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Genetik dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k ba\u011flam\u0131nda alel frekanslar\u0131 ayr\u0131ca ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k riski tahmininin de temelini olu\u015fturur \u2014 genotip kombinasyonlar\u0131n\u0131n ebeveynden yavrulara nas\u0131l ge\u00e7ti\u011fini g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in <a href=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/tisbi\/kan-grubu-kalitimi\/\">Kan Grubu Kal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 Hesaplay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131<\/a>'na bak\u0131n.<\/p>\n<h2>Ki-Kare Sonucunun Yorumlanmas\u0131<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Serbestlik derecesi<\/th>\n<th>\u03c7\u00b2 kritik de\u011feri (\u03b1 = 0,05)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>3,841<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>5,991<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Bu test i\u00e7in, bir alel frekans\u0131 veriden tahmin edildi\u011fi i\u00e7in 1 serbestlik derecesi kullan\u0131n. \u03c7\u00b2 de\u011feri 3,841'in alt\u0131ndaysa dengeye ili\u015fkin s\u0131f\u0131r hipotezini kabul edin; \u00fczerindeyse sapma %5 d\u00fczeyinde istatistiksel olarak anlaml\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h2>Varsay\u0131mlar ve S\u0131n\u0131rlamalar<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Hesaplay\u0131c\u0131, tam bask\u0131nl\u0131k g\u00f6steren (AA ve Aa, aa'dan fenotipik olarak ay\u0131rt edilebilir ve genotipler do\u011frudan say\u0131labilir, \u00f6rn. genetik testle) ve tam olarak iki alele sahip tek bir otozomal lokus varsayar.<\/li>\n<li>Denge; rastgele \u00e7iftle\u015fme, se\u00e7ilim olmamas\u0131, mutasyon olmamas\u0131, g\u00f6\u00e7 olmamas\u0131 ve b\u00fcy\u00fck pop\u00fclasyon gerektirir. Anlaml\u0131 bir \u03c7\u00b2 de\u011feri, bu varsay\u0131mlardan en az birinin bozuldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir \u2014 hangisinin oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemez.<\/li>\n<li>Beklenen say\u0131lar\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck oldu\u011fu durumlarda (pratik bir kural olarak herhangi bir \\(E &lt; 5\\)) ki-kare yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 g\u00fcvenilmezdir. Bu durumda genotip s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131 birle\u015ftirin veya daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00f6rneklem toplay\u0131n.<\/li>\n<li>Genotipleme hatalar\u0131, \u00f6rnekleme yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bir araya getirilen alt pop\u00fclasyonlar (Wahlund etkisi), dengesizli\u011fi taklit eden g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr heterozigot eksikliklerine yol a\u00e7abilir.<\/li>\n<li>Test yaln\u0131zca tek bir lokustaki sapmay\u0131 saptar; t\u00fcm bir pop\u00fclasyonla ilgili sonu\u00e7lara varmak i\u00e7in birden fazla lokusun incelenmesi gerekir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pop\u00fclasyonun Hardy-Weinberg dengesinde olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 test etmek i\u00e7in dominant homozigot, heterozigot ve resesif homozigot bireylerin g\u00f6zlenen say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 girin; alel frekanslar\u0131n\u0131 (p ve q), beklenen genotip frekanslar\u0131n\u0131 ve ki-kare istatisti\u011fini hesaplay\u0131n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3168,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[33],"class_list":["post-413","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tisbi","tag-tani"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/413","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3168"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=413"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/413\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1704,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/413\/revisions\/1704"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=413"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=413"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=413"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}