{"id":533,"date":"2026-10-03T14:34:25","date_gmt":"2026-10-03T13:34:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/mikroserit-iletim-hatti-empedansi\/"},"modified":"2026-10-03T14:34:25","modified_gmt":"2026-10-03T13:34:25","slug":"mikroserit-iletim-hatti-empedansi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/muhendislik\/mikroserit-iletim-hatti-empedansi\/","title":{"rendered":"Mikro\u015ferit \u0130letim Hatt\u0131 Empedans Hesaplama Arac\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"not-prose calculator-box\" aria-labelledby=\"calculator-title\"><div class=\"flex items-baseline sm:items-center justify-between gap-2 sm:gap-3\"><div class=\"flex flex-col sm:flex-row sm:items-center gap-2\"><span class=\"icon icon-calculator text-primary-700! text-base! dark:text-primary-300!\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 id=\"calculator-title\" class=\"text-lg font-display font-bold\">Mikro\u015ferit Hat Karakteristik Empedans Arac\u0131<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"calcdash-favorite group\">\n  <button type=\"button\" class=\"favorite\" id=\"favorite\" data-favorite-id=\"533\" data-favorite-title=\"Mikro\u015ferit \u0130letim Hatt\u0131 Empedans\u0131\" data-favorite-url=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/muhendislik\/mikroserit-iletim-hatti-empedansi\/\" data-favorite-excerpt=\"Dielektrik sabiti, alt taban y\u00fcksekli\u011fi, iz geni\u015fli\u011fi ve bak\u0131r kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bir mikro\u015ferit iletim hatt\u0131n\u0131n karakteristik empedans\u0131n\u0131 tahmin edin. RF ve y\u00fcksek h\u0131zl\u0131 tasar\u0131mlar i\u00e7in Z0 de\u011ferini ohm cinsinden elde etmek \u00fczere PCB istif (stack-up) de\u011ferlerinizi girin.\" aria-label=\"Favorilere ekle\" data-favorite-icon=\"icon icon-electrical\">\n    <span class=\"icon icon-shape-star-empty\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n  <\/button>\n  <div class=\"calcdash-favorite__tip\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n   <span class=\"favorite-tooltip\" id=\"favorite-tooltip\"><\/span>\n  <\/div>\n  <span class=\"sr-only\" role=\"status\" id=\"favorite-status\"><\/span>\n<\/div><\/div><form action=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/muhendislik\/mikroserit-iletim-hatti-empedansi\/\" method=\"POST\" class=\"calculator\" id=\"calculator-533\" data-post=\"533\"><fieldset class=\"fieldset-input\"><legend class=\"sr-only\">Giri\u015f alanlar\u0131<\/legend><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-1\"><label for=\"field-1\">Dielektrik sabiti<\/label><div class=\"term\">\u03b5r<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><input type=\"text\" name=\"dielektrik_sabiti\" id=\"field-1\" aria-describedby=\"calc-info-1\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" min=\"1\" value=\"4.5\"\/><small id=\"calc-info-1\">PCB malzemesinin g\u00f6reli ge\u00e7irgenli\u011fi<\/small><\/div><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-2\"><label for=\"field-2\">Altl\u0131k y\u00fcksekli\u011fi<\/label><div class=\"term\">h<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><input type=\"text\" name=\"altlk_ykseklii\" id=\"field-2\" aria-describedby=\"calc-unit-2 calc-info-2\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" min=\"0.01\" value=\"1.6\"\/><div class=\"unit\" id=\"calc-unit-2\">mm<\/div><small id=\"calc-info-2\">Hat ile toprak d\u00fczlemi aras\u0131ndaki dielektrik katman\u0131n y\u00fcksekli\u011fi<\/small><\/div><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-3\"><label for=\"field-3\">Hat geni\u015fli\u011fi<\/label><div class=\"term\">w<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><input type=\"text\" name=\"hat_genilii\" id=\"field-3\" aria-describedby=\"calc-unit-3 calc-info-3\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" min=\"0.01\" value=\"1\"\/><div class=\"unit\" id=\"calc-unit-3\">mm<\/div><small id=\"calc-info-3\">\u0130letim hatt\u0131 izinin geni\u015fli\u011fi<\/small><\/div><div class=\"field has-term\" id=\"input-4\"><label for=\"field-4\">\u0130z kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/label><div class=\"term\">t<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><input type=\"text\" name=\"z_kalnl\" id=\"field-4\" aria-describedby=\"calc-unit-4 calc-info-4\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" min=\"0\" value=\"0.035\"\/><div class=\"unit\" id=\"calc-unit-4\">mm<\/div><small id=\"calc-info-4\">\u0130zinin bak\u0131r kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/small><\/div><\/fieldset><div class=\"buttons\"><button type=\"submit\" data-text=\"Yeniden hesapla\" id=\"calculate-button\" data-post=\"533\">Hesapla<\/button><button type=\"reset\">S\u0131f\u0131rla<\/button><\/div><div class=\"field is-checkbox hidden!\" id=\"field-auto-calc\"><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"auto-calc\"><label for=\"auto-calc\">Otomatik hesapla<\/label><small>Etkinle\u015ftirilirse, herhangi bir de\u011feri de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011finizde sonu\u00e7 otomatik olarak g\u00fcncellenir.<\/small><\/div><div class=\"fieldset-result is-hidden\" aria-labelledby=\"result-title\" aria-live=\"polite\" role=\"region\"> <h3 class=\"result-title bg-gradient-to-r from-primary-50 to-gray-50 dark:from-primary-900 dark:to-gray-800\" id=\"result-title\"><span class=\"icon icon-s-pulse\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span> Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131z<\/h3><div class=\"result-box\"><div class=\"field-result\" id=\"output-1\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Karakteristik Empedans<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-1\" data-unit=\"\u03a9\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Sonucu kopyala\" aria-label=\"Sonucu kopyala\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div><div class=\"result-actions\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-link\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M12.232 4.232a2.5 2.5 0 0 1 3.536 3.536l-1.225 1.224a.75.75 0 0 0 1.061 1.06l1.224-1.224a4 4 0 0 0-5.656-5.656l-3 3a4 4 0 0 0 .225 5.865.75.75 0 0 0 .977-1.138 2.5 2.5 0 0 1-.142-3.667l3-3Z\"\/><path d=\"M11.603 7.963a.75.75 0 0 0-.977 1.138 2.5 2.5 0 0 1 .142 3.667l-3 3a2.5 2.5 0 0 1-3.536-3.536l1.225-1.224a.75.75 0 0 0-1.061-1.06l-1.224 1.224a4 4 0 1 0 5.656 5.656l3-3a4 4 0 0 0-.225-5.865Z\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"copy-link__text\">Bu hesaplaman\u0131n ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kopyala<\/span><\/button><span class=\"sr-only\" role=\"status\" id=\"copy-link-status\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><a href=\"#respond\" class=\"hidden transition-opacity duration-300 opacity-0 w-50 text-sm justify-center items-center gap-2 px-4 py-2 rounded bg-gray-200 text-gray-700 hover:bg-gray-300\" id=\"leave-comment\"><span class=\"icon icon-comments\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Yorum b\u0131rak<\/a><\/form><\/section><section id=\"calc-reactions\" class=\"not-prose hidden my-12 bg-gradient-to-r from-primary-50 to-gray-50 border border-indigo-100 rounded-xl px-6 py-4 shadow-sm\" data-post=\"533\" aria-live=\"polite\" aria-labelledby=\"calc-reactions-title\"><p id=\"calc-reactions-title\" class=\"text-sm text-gray-500 text-center mb-2\">Bu sonu\u00e7 hakk\u0131nda ne d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorsunuz?<\/p><div role=\"group\" aria-labelledby=\"calc-reactions-title\" class=\"grid grid-cols-3 sm:flex sm:flex-row sm:justify-around gap-4 sm:items-center sm:flex-wrap\"><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"like\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"like\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\ude00 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Be\u011fendim <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"helpful\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"helpful\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\udca1 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Faydal\u0131 <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"confused\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"confused\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\ude15 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Kafam kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131 <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"disappointed\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"disappointed\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\ude1e <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"inaccurate\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"inaccurate\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u274c <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Hatal\u0131 <\/span><\/button><\/div><div id=\"reaction-message\" class=\"hidden mt-8 rounded-md border border-primary-100 bg-white\/50 backdrop-blur-sm px-4 py-2 text-sm text-center shadow-sm\"><\/div><\/section><div class=\"calcdash-ad not-prose calcdash-ad--calc_result calcdash-ad--in-article\"><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-1721569815777345\" data-ad-slot=\"6317458308\" data-ad-layout=\"in-article\" data-ad-format=\"fluid\"><\/ins><script>(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});<\/script><\/div>\n<style id=\"wpcoderpro-inline-1\">.formula-box {\r\n\tborder-bottom: none !important;\r\n}<\/style><section class=\"formula-box\" aria-labelledby=\"formula-title\">\r\n\t<div id=\"formula-title\" class=\"not-prose font-display mb-4\"><span class=\"icon icon-formula\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2>Mikro\u015ferit \u0130letim Hatt\u0131 Empedans Form\u00fcl\u00fc<\/h2><\/div>\r\n\t<figure class=\"not-prose formula\">\r\n\t\t<figcaption class=\"formula-title\">Form\u00fcl<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<div class=\"text-base text-gray-800\" id=\"formula\">\n\\[ \\varepsilon_{\\mathrm{eff}} = \\frac{\\varepsilon_r + 1}{2} + \\frac{\\varepsilon_r - 1}{2} \\cdot \\frac{1}{\\sqrt{1 + 12h\/w}} \\\\ \\text{E\u011fer } \\frac{w}{h} \\leq 1: \\quad Z_0 = \\frac{60}{\\sqrt{\\varepsilon_{\\mathrm{eff}}}} \\cdot \\ln\\!\\left( \\frac{8h}{w + t \\cdot \\ln\\!\\left( 1 + \\dfrac{4e}{t\/w} \\right)} \\right) \\\\ \\text{E\u011fer } \\frac{w}{h} &gt; 1: \\quad Z_0 = \\frac{120\\pi}{\\sqrt{\\varepsilon_{\\mathrm{eff}}} \\cdot \\left( \\dfrac{w}{h} + 1.393 + 0.667 \\cdot \\ln\\!\\left( \\dfrac{w}{h} + 1.444 \\right) \\right)} \\]\n<\/div>\r\n\t<\/figure>\r\n\t<\/p>\n<p><strong>Burada:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\\(Z_0\\) \u2014 karakteristik empedans (\u03a9)<\/li>\n<li>\\(\\varepsilon_r\\) \u2014 alt taban\u0131n g\u00f6reli ge\u00e7irgenli\u011fi (dielektrik sabiti)<\/li>\n<li>\\(\\varepsilon_{\\mathrm{eff}}\\) \u2014 hatt\u0131n g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc etkin ge\u00e7irgenlik<\/li>\n<li>\\h\\) de\u011fil \u2014 <em>D\u00fczeltme:<\/em> \\(h\\) \u2014 iz ile toprak d\u00fczlemi aras\u0131ndaki alt taban y\u00fcksekli\u011fi (mm)<\/li>\n<li>\\(w\\) \u2014 iz geni\u015fli\u011fi (mm)<\/li>\n<li>\\(t\\) \u2014 izin (bak\u0131r\u0131n) kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (mm)<\/li>\n<li>\\(e \\approx 2.71828\\) \u2014 Euler say\u0131s\u0131<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Alan\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 kart\u0131n \u00fczerindeki havada yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in hat, kendisini \\(\\varepsilon_{\\mathrm{eff}}\\) de\u011ferine sahip bir dielektrikle dolu gibi davran\u0131r; bu de\u011fer her zaman 1 ile \\(\\varepsilon_r\\) aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. Dar iz form\u00fcl\u00fcndeki iz kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 terimi, hatt\u0131 fiilen geni\u015fleten ekstra bak\u0131r\u0131 hesaba katar.<\/p>\n<p>\r\n<\/section>\n<style id=\"wpcoderpro-inline-2\">.calculation-box {\r\n\tborder-bottom: none !important;\r\n}<\/style><section id=\"calculation\" class=\"calculation-box\" aria-labelledby=\"calculation-title\">\r\n\t<div id=\"calculation-title\" class=\"not-prose font-display\"><span class=\"icon icon-unordered-list\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2>Mikro\u015ferit \u0130letim Hatt\u0131 Empedans\u0131 \u2013 Hesaplama \u00d6rne\u011fi<\/h2><\/div>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00d6rnek:<\/strong> \\(\\varepsilon_r = 4.5\\) olan 1.6 mm kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir alt taban \u00fczerinde 1 mm geni\u015fli\u011finde bir iz ve 0.035 mm (1 oz) bak\u0131r \u2014 hesaplay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n varsay\u0131lan de\u011ferleri.<\/p>\n<p>\\[ \\frac{w}{h} = \\frac{1}{1.6} = 0.625 \\leq 1 \\quad \\Rightarrow \\quad \\text{dar iz form\u00fcl\u00fc kullan\u0131l\u0131r} \\]<\/p>\n<p>\\[ \\varepsilon_{\\mathrm{eff}} = 2.75 + 1.75 \\cdot \\frac{1}{\\sqrt{1 + 12 \\cdot 1.6 \/ 1}} = 2.75 + \\frac{1.75}{\\sqrt{20.2}} \\approx 3.139 \\]<\/p>\n<p>\\[ t \\cdot \\ln\\!\\left(1 + \\frac{4e}{t\/w}\\right) = 0.035 \\cdot \\ln(311.66) \\approx 0.201 \\text{ mm} \\]<\/p>\n<p>\\[ Z_0 = \\frac{60}{\\sqrt{3.139}} \\cdot \\ln\\!\\left( \\frac{8 \\cdot 1.6}{1 + 0.201} \\right) \\approx 33.86 \\cdot \\ln(10.66) \\approx 33.86 \\cdot 2.366 \\approx 80.09 \\, \\Omega \\]<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sonu\u00e7:<\/strong> karakteristik empedans yakla\u015f\u0131k <strong>80.09 \u03a9<\/strong> de\u011ferindedir.<\/p>\n<p>\n\r\n<\/section>\n<h2>Hesaplay\u0131c\u0131 Nas\u0131l Kullan\u0131l\u0131r<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>PCB malzemenizin <strong>Dielektrik sabitini<\/strong> girin (tipik FR-4 i\u00e7in \u00f6rne\u011fin 4.5).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Alt taban y\u00fcksekli\u011fini<\/strong> girin \u2014 iz ile toprak d\u00fczlemi aras\u0131ndaki dielektrik katman\u0131n kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Bak\u0131r izin <strong>\u0130z geni\u015fli\u011fini<\/strong> girin.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0130z kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131<\/strong> girin \u2014 izin bak\u0131r a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (1 oz bak\u0131r i\u00e7in 0.035 mm, 2 oz i\u00e7in 0.07 mm).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Karakteristik Empedans\u0131<\/strong> ohm cinsinden okuyun; hedef empedans\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131ncaya kadar geni\u015fli\u011fi ayarlamak i\u00e7in sonucu kullan\u0131n.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Mikro\u015ferit Empedans\u0131 Nedir ve Neden \u00d6nemlidir<\/h2>\n<p>Mikro\u015ferit iletim hatt\u0131, bask\u0131l\u0131 devre kart\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczeyinde d\u00fcz bir iletken ve dielektrik katman\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131nda bir toprak d\u00fczleminden olu\u015fan yap\u0131d\u0131r. \u00dcretimi kolay, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc (problanmas\u0131) kolay oldu\u011fundan ve DC'den alt gigahertz aral\u0131\u011f\u0131na kadar makul performans verdi\u011finden, modern PCB'lerde en yayg\u0131n kontroll\u00fc empedans yap\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Karakteristik empedans \\(Z_0\\), hat boyunca ilerleyen bir dalga i\u00e7in gerilimin ak\u0131ma oranidir. Y\u00fcksek h\u0131zl\u0131 veya y\u00fcksek frekansl\u0131 bir sinyal, emedansta bir de\u011fi\u015fiklikle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u2014 bir s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, bir konnekt\u00f6rde veya yanl\u0131\u015f geni\u015flikte bir izde \u2014 sinyalin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 kayna\u011fa do\u011fru yans\u0131r. Bu yans\u0131malar \u00e7\u0131nlamaya (ringing), a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 at\u0131mlara (overshoot), zamanlama hatalar\u0131na ve EMI'ye neden olur; RF y\u00fckselte\u00e7lerini ve filtreleri bozdu\u011fu kadar dijital veri yollar\u0131ndaki verileri de bozabilir.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7o\u011fu sistem 50 \u03a9 (RF ve test ekipmanlar\u0131) veya 90\u2013100 \u03a9 (USB, LVDS ve Ethernet gibi diferansiyel \u00e7iftler) standard\u0131na sahiptir. Bu hedeflere ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in iz geometrisini do\u011fru ayarlaman\u0131z gerekir: daha geni\u015f izler empedans\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr, daha kal\u0131n alt tabanlar y\u00fckseltir, daha y\u00fcksek dielektrik sabitleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr. 1.6 mm FR-4 \u00fczerinde yakla\u015f\u0131k 3 mm geni\u015fli\u011findeki bir iz 50 \u03a9'a yak\u0131nd\u0131r; ayn\u0131 kartta, yukar\u0131daki \u00f6rnekteki gibi 1 mm'lik bir iz ise 80 \u03a9 civar\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>&lt;Bir yerde iki toprak d\u00fczlemi aras\u0131nda g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fc izlerle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorsan\u0131z <a href=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/muhendislik\/stripline-empedans\/\">Stripline Empedans hesaplay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131<\/a> kullan\u0131n; benzer bir y\u00fczey izi geometrisinin farkl\u0131 bir y\u00f6ntemle \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7in <a href=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/muhendislik\/mikroserit-pcb-empedans\/\">Mikro\u015ferit PCB Empedans hesaplay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131na<\/a> bak\u0131n. Ba\u011fla\u015fmam\u0131\u015f (uncoupled) izleri birbirinden uzak tutmak da \u00f6nemlidir \u2014 <a href=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/muhendislik\/pcb-mikroserit-crosstalk\/\">PCB Mikro\u015ferit \u00c7apraz Konu\u015fma (Crosstalk) hesaplay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131<\/a> aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 kontrol etmenize yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur; bir kaynak ve hat hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde e\u015fitlenemiyorsa <a href=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/muhendislik\/pi-ag-empedans-uyumu\/\">PI A\u011f\u0131 Empedans E\u015fleme hesaplay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131<\/a> i\u015finize yarayabilir.<\/p>\n<h2>Varsay\u0131mlar, S\u0131n\u0131rlamalar ve Pratik \u0130pu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Yar\u0131-statik model:<\/strong> form\u00fcller elektriksel olarak ince alt tabanlar i\u00e7in do\u011frudur (ola\u011fan FR-4 kal\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131nda tipik olarak birka\u00e7 GHz'e kadar). Daha y\u00fcksek frekanslarda dispersiyon \\(Z_0\\)'\u0131 frekansa ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 hale getirir ve tam dalga (full-wave) ara\u00e7lar\u0131 daha g\u00fcvenilir olur.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Yal\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f iz:<\/strong> hesaplama, sonsuz bir toprak d\u00fczleminin \u00fczerindeki tek bir izi varsayar. Kom\u015fu izler, ayn\u0131 katmandaki d\u00fczlemler ve via \u00e7itleri empedans\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 \u00e7eker.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0130z kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 u\u00e7 durumu:<\/strong> s\u0131f\u0131rdan farkl\u0131 bir bak\u0131r kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 girin. \\(t = 0\\) yapmak, dar iz dal\u0131ndaki kal\u0131nl\u0131k d\u00fczeltme terimini tan\u0131ms\u0131z k\u0131lar; en az\u0131ndan istifinizin folyo kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131n (1 oz bak\u0131r i\u00e7in 0.035 mm).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Lehim maskesi:<\/strong> izin \u00fczerindeki kaplaman\u0131n dielektrik sabiti 3\u20134 civar\u0131ndad\u0131r ve tipik olarak \\(Z_0\\)'\u0131 1\u20133 \u03a9 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr. Bu hesaplay\u0131c\u0131 bunu yok sayar; bu y\u00fczden maskeli izlerde bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f i\u00e7in pay b\u0131rak\u0131n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00dcretim toleranslar\u0131:<\/strong> da\u011fhlama (etching), izlerin geni\u015fli\u011fini bak\u0131r kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n %10\u201320'si kadar daralt\u0131r veya geni\u015fletir; ayr\u0131ca hem \\(\\varepsilon_r\\) hem de \\(h\\) karttan karta de\u011fi\u015fir. \u00c7izimde \u00b1%10 empedans tolerans\u0131 standart FR-4 i\u00e7in ger\u00e7ek\u00e7idir; daha s\u0131k\u0131 toleranslar kontroll\u00fc empedansl\u0131 \u00fcretim gerektirir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Tipik Dielektrik Sabitleri<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Malzeme<\/th>\n<th>Yakla\u015f\u0131k \\(\\varepsilon_r\\) (1 MHz \u2013 1 GHz)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>FR-4 (standart cam epoksi)<\/td>\n<td>4.3 \u2013 4.7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Y\u00fcksek-Tg \/ d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck-Dk FR-4 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131<\/td>\n<td>3.8 \u2013 4.2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Rogers RO4350B<\/td>\n<td>3.48<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>PTFE (Teflon) \/ RT\/duroid 5880<\/td>\n<td>2.1 \u2013 2.2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Al\u00fcmina (Al<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>3<\/sub>, hibrit devreler)<\/td>\n<td>9.8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u00dcreticiler \\(\\varepsilon_r\\) de\u011ferini belirli bir frekansta belirtir \u2014 tasar\u0131m frekans\u0131n\u0131z i\u00e7in verilmi\u015f de\u011feri her zaman kullan\u0131n; \u00f6zellikle FR-4, birka\u00e7 GHz \u00fczerinde dielektrik sabitini belirgin \u015fekilde kaybeder.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dielektrik sabiti, alt taban y\u00fcksekli\u011fi, iz geni\u015fli\u011fi ve bak\u0131r kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bir mikro\u015ferit iletim hatt\u0131n\u0131n karakteristik empedans\u0131n\u0131 tahmin edin. RF ve y\u00fcksek h\u0131zl\u0131 tasar\u0131mlar i\u00e7in Z0 de\u011ferini ohm cinsinden elde etmek \u00fczere PCB istif (stack-up) de\u011ferlerinizi girin.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3168,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[35],"class_list":["post-533","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-muhendislik","tag-elektrik"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/533","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3168"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=533"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/533\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2774,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/533\/revisions\/2774"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=533"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=533"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=533"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}