{"id":595,"date":"2026-10-03T14:48:31","date_gmt":"2026-10-03T13:48:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/p-degeri-hesaplayici\/"},"modified":"2026-10-03T14:48:31","modified_gmt":"2026-10-03T13:48:31","slug":"p-degeri-hesaplayici","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/istatistik\/p-degeri-hesaplayici\/","title":{"rendered":"P De\u011feri Hesaplay\u0131c\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"not-prose calculator-box\" aria-labelledby=\"calculator-title\"><div class=\"flex items-baseline sm:items-center justify-between gap-2 sm:gap-3\"><div class=\"flex flex-col sm:flex-row sm:items-center gap-2\"><span class=\"icon icon-calculator text-primary-700! text-base! dark:text-primary-300!\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 id=\"calculator-title\" class=\"text-lg font-display font-bold\">Testinizin P De\u011ferini Bulun<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"calcdash-favorite group\">\n  <button type=\"button\" class=\"favorite\" id=\"favorite\" data-favorite-id=\"595\" data-favorite-title=\"P De\u011feri\" data-favorite-url=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/istatistik\/p-degeri-hesaplayici\/\" data-favorite-excerpt=\"\u0130ki kuyruklu, sol kuyruklu veya sa\u011f kuyruklu testler i\u00e7in p de\u011ferini bulmak amac\u0131yla bir z, t, ki-kare veya F test istatisti\u011fi girin. Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131, serbestlik derecesini ve anlaml\u0131l\u0131k d\u00fczeyini se\u00e7erek sonucunuzun istatistiksel olarak anlaml\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn.\" aria-label=\"Favorilere ekle\" data-favorite-icon=\"icon icon-wpcalc-bell-curve\">\n    <span class=\"icon icon-shape-star-empty\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n  <\/button>\n  <div class=\"calcdash-favorite__tip\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n   <span class=\"favorite-tooltip\" id=\"favorite-tooltip\"><\/span>\n  <\/div>\n  <span class=\"sr-only\" role=\"status\" id=\"favorite-status\"><\/span>\n<\/div><\/div><form action=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/istatistik\/p-degeri-hesaplayici\/\" method=\"POST\" class=\"calculator\" id=\"calculator-595\" data-post=\"595\"><fieldset class=\"fieldset-input is-1\"><legend class=\"sr-only\">Giri\u015f alanlar\u0131<\/legend><div class=\"field\" id=\"input-1\"><label for=\"field-1\">Test istatisti\u011fi<\/label><input type=\"number\" name=\"test_istatistii\" id=\"field-1\" aria-describedby=\"calc-info-1\" step=\"any\" value=\"2.5\"\/><small id=\"calc-info-1\">Testinizden zaten hesaplad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z istatistik.<\/small><\/div><div class=\"field\" id=\"input-2\"><label for=\"field-2\">Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m<\/label><div class=\"grid grid-cols-1\"><select id=\"field-2\" name=\"dalm\"><option value=\"z\">Standart normal (Z)<\/option><option value=\"t\" selected>Student t<\/option><option value=\"chisq\">Ki-kare (\u03c7\u00b2)<\/option><option value=\"f\">F da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131<\/option><\/select><svg class=\"pointer-events-none col-start-1 row-start-1 mr-2 size-5 self-center justify-self-end text-gray-500 sm:size-4\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-slot=\"icon\">\n              <path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4.22 6.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 8.94l2.72-2.72a.75.75 0 1 1 1.06 1.06l-3.25 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L4.22 7.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" \/>\n            <\/svg><\/div><\/div><div class=\"field\" id=\"input-3\"><label for=\"field-3\">Kuyruk<\/label><div class=\"grid grid-cols-1\"><select id=\"field-3\" name=\"kuyruk\"><option value=\"two\" selected>\u0130ki kuyruklu (\u2260)<\/option><option value=\"right\">Sa\u011f kuyruk (&gt;)<\/option><option value=\"left\">Sol kuyruk (&lt;)<\/option><\/select><svg class=\"pointer-events-none col-start-1 row-start-1 mr-2 size-5 self-center justify-self-end text-gray-500 sm:size-4\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-slot=\"icon\">\n              <path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4.22 6.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 8.94l2.72-2.72a.75.75 0 1 1 1.06 1.06l-3.25 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L4.22 7.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" \/>\n            <\/svg><\/div><\/div><div class=\"field\" id=\"input-4\"><label for=\"field-4\">Serbestlik derecesi (sd)<\/label><input type=\"text\" name=\"serbestlik_derecesi_sd\" id=\"field-4\" aria-describedby=\"calc-info-4\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" min=\"1\" value=\"20\"\/><small id=\"calc-info-4\">t ve \u03c7\u00b2 da\u011f\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131 i\u00e7in gereklidir.<\/small><\/div><div class=\"field\" id=\"input-5\" hidden><label for=\"field-5\">Pay serbestlik derecesi (sd\u2081)<\/label><input type=\"text\" name=\"pay_serbestlik_derecesi_sd\" id=\"field-5\" aria-describedby=\"calc-info-5\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" min=\"1\" value=\"3\"\/><small id=\"calc-info-5\">F da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in gereklidir.<\/small><\/div><div class=\"field\" id=\"input-6\" hidden><label for=\"field-6\">Payda serbestlik derecesi (sd\u2082)<\/label><input type=\"text\" name=\"payda_serbestlik_derecesi_sd\" id=\"field-6\" aria-describedby=\"calc-info-6\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" min=\"1\" value=\"20\"\/><small id=\"calc-info-6\">F da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in gereklidir.<\/small><\/div><div class=\"field\" id=\"input-7\"><label for=\"field-7\">Anlaml\u0131l\u0131k d\u00fczeyi (\u03b1)<\/label><div class=\"grid grid-cols-1\"><select id=\"field-7\" name=\"anlamllk_dzeyi_\"><option value=\"0.05\" selected>0.05<\/option><option value=\"0.01\">0.01<\/option><option value=\"0.1\">0.10<\/option><\/select><svg class=\"pointer-events-none col-start-1 row-start-1 mr-2 size-5 self-center justify-self-end text-gray-500 sm:size-4\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-slot=\"icon\">\n              <path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4.22 6.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 8.94l2.72-2.72a.75.75 0 1 1 1.06 1.06l-3.25 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L4.22 7.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" \/>\n            <\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/fieldset><div class=\"buttons\"><button type=\"submit\" data-text=\"Yeniden hesapla\" id=\"calculate-button\" data-post=\"595\">Hesapla<\/button><button type=\"reset\">S\u0131f\u0131rla<\/button><\/div><div class=\"field is-checkbox hidden!\" id=\"field-auto-calc\"><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"auto-calc\"><label for=\"auto-calc\">Otomatik hesapla<\/label><small>Etkinle\u015ftirilirse, herhangi bir de\u011feri de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011finizde sonu\u00e7 otomatik olarak g\u00fcncellenir.<\/small><\/div><div class=\"fieldset-result is-hidden\" aria-labelledby=\"result-title\" aria-live=\"polite\" role=\"region\"> <h3 class=\"result-title bg-gradient-to-r from-primary-50 to-gray-50 dark:from-primary-900 dark:to-gray-800\" id=\"result-title\"><span class=\"icon icon-s-pulse\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span> p-De\u011feri Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h3><div class=\"result-box\"><div class=\"field-result\" id=\"output-1\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>p-de\u011feri<\/span><span class=\"result-term\">p<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-1\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Sonucu kopyala\" aria-label=\"Sonucu kopyala\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"field-result\" id=\"output-2\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Kuyruk olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-2\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Sonucu kopyala\" aria-label=\"Sonucu kopyala\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"field-result is-column\" id=\"output-3\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar ve sonu\u00e7<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-3\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Sonucu kopyala\" aria-label=\"Sonucu kopyala\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div><div class=\"result-actions\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-link\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M12.232 4.232a2.5 2.5 0 0 1 3.536 3.536l-1.225 1.224a.75.75 0 0 0 1.061 1.06l1.224-1.224a4 4 0 0 0-5.656-5.656l-3 3a4 4 0 0 0 .225 5.865.75.75 0 0 0 .977-1.138 2.5 2.5 0 0 1-.142-3.667l3-3Z\"\/><path d=\"M11.603 7.963a.75.75 0 0 0-.977 1.138 2.5 2.5 0 0 1 .142 3.667l-3 3a2.5 2.5 0 0 1-3.536-3.536l1.225-1.224a.75.75 0 0 0-1.061-1.06l-1.224 1.224a4 4 0 1 0 5.656 5.656l3-3a4 4 0 0 0-.225-5.865Z\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"copy-link__text\">Bu hesaplaman\u0131n ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kopyala<\/span><\/button><span class=\"sr-only\" role=\"status\" id=\"copy-link-status\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><a href=\"#respond\" class=\"hidden transition-opacity duration-300 opacity-0 w-50 text-sm justify-center items-center gap-2 px-4 py-2 rounded bg-gray-200 text-gray-700 hover:bg-gray-300\" id=\"leave-comment\"><span class=\"icon icon-comments\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Yorum b\u0131rak<\/a><\/form><\/section><section id=\"calc-reactions\" class=\"not-prose hidden my-12 bg-gradient-to-r from-primary-50 to-gray-50 border border-indigo-100 rounded-xl px-6 py-4 shadow-sm\" data-post=\"595\" aria-live=\"polite\" aria-labelledby=\"calc-reactions-title\"><p id=\"calc-reactions-title\" class=\"text-sm text-gray-500 text-center mb-2\">Bu sonu\u00e7 hakk\u0131nda ne d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorsunuz?<\/p><div role=\"group\" aria-labelledby=\"calc-reactions-title\" class=\"grid grid-cols-3 sm:flex sm:flex-row sm:justify-around gap-4 sm:items-center sm:flex-wrap\"><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"like\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"like\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\ude00 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Be\u011fendim <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"helpful\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"helpful\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\udca1 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Faydal\u0131 <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"confused\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"confused\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\ude15 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Kafam kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131 <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"disappointed\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"disappointed\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\ude1e <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"inaccurate\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"inaccurate\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u274c <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Hatal\u0131 <\/span><\/button><\/div><div id=\"reaction-message\" class=\"hidden mt-8 rounded-md border border-primary-100 bg-white\/50 backdrop-blur-sm px-4 py-2 text-sm text-center shadow-sm\"><\/div><\/section><div class=\"calcdash-ad not-prose calcdash-ad--calc_result calcdash-ad--in-article\"><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-1721569815777345\" data-ad-slot=\"6317458308\" data-ad-layout=\"in-article\" data-ad-format=\"fluid\"><\/ins><script>(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});<\/script><\/div>\n<style id=\"wpcoderpro-inline-1\">.formula-box {\r\n\tborder-bottom: none !important;\r\n}<\/style><section class=\"formula-box\" aria-labelledby=\"formula-title\">\r\n\t<div id=\"formula-title\" class=\"not-prose font-display mb-4\"><span class=\"icon icon-formula\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2>P De\u011feri Form\u00fcl\u00fc<\/h2><\/div>\r\n\t<figure class=\"not-prose formula\">\r\n\t\t<figcaption class=\"formula-title\">Form\u00fcl<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<div class=\"text-base text-gray-800\" id=\"formula\">\n\\[ p = \\begin{cases} 2 \\cdot \\min\\big(P(T \\le t),\\; P(T \\ge t)\\big) &amp; \\text{iki kuyruklu test (}\\neq\\text{)} \\\\ P(T \\ge t) &amp; \\text{sa\u011f kuyruklu test (}&gt;) \\\\ P(T \\le t) &amp; \\text{sol kuyruklu test (}&lt;\\text{)} \\end{cases} \\]\n<strong>Burada:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\\(T\\) \u2014 s\u0131f\u0131r hipotezi \\(H_0\\) alt\u0131nda test istatisti\u011finin rassal de\u011fi\u015fkeni (Z, t, \u03c7\u00b2 veya F)<\/li>\n<li>\\(t\\) \u2014 test istatisti\u011finizin g\u00f6zlenen de\u011feri<\/li>\n<li>\\(P(T \\ge t)\\) \u2014 sa\u011f kuyrukta, \\(t\\) de\u011ferinden en az kadar u\u00e7 bir de\u011fer g\u00f6zleme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nP de\u011feri, s\u0131f\u0131r hipotezi alt\u0131nda hesaplanan, g\u00f6zlenenden en az kadar u\u00e7 bir test istatisti\u011fi elde etme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Hangi kuyruklar\u0131n \"u\u00e7\" say\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 alternatif hipoteze ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.\n<\/div>\r\n\t<\/figure>\r\n\t<\/p>\n<p>Her da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m i\u00e7in kuyruk olas\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 ilgili k\u00fcm\u00fclatif da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m fonksiyonundan gelir: Z i\u00e7in standart normal CDF \\(\\Phi(z)\\), \\(df\\) serbestlik dereceli Student t CDF'si, ki-kare CDF'si veya \\(df_1\\) ve \\(df_2\\) serbestlik dereceli F CDF'si. Hesaplay\u0131c\u0131 bunlar\u0131 say\u0131sal olarak de\u011ferlendirir, bu y\u00fczden istatistik tablolar\u0131na gerek yoktur.<\/p>\n<p>\r\n<\/section>\n<style id=\"wpcoderpro-inline-2\">.calculation-box {\r\n\tborder-bottom: none !important;\r\n}<\/style><section id=\"calculation\" class=\"calculation-box\" aria-labelledby=\"calculation-title\">\r\n\t<div id=\"calculation-title\" class=\"not-prose font-display\"><span class=\"icon icon-unordered-list\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2>P De\u011feri \u2013 Hesaplama \u00d6rne\u011fi<\/h2><\/div>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00d6rnek:<\/strong> iki \u00f6rneklemli bir t testi \\(t = 2.5\\) test istatisti\u011fi ve \\(df = 20\\) verdi; alternatif hipotez iki y\u00f6nl\u00fcd\u00fcr (\\(\\neq\\)).<\/p>\n<p>\\[ p = 2 \\cdot P(T \\ge 2.5) = 2 \\times 0.0106 = 0.0213 \\]<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sonu\u00e7:<\/strong> p de\u011feri 0,0213't\u00fcr. \\(0.0213 \\le 0.05\\) oldu\u011fundan, sonu\u00e7 \\(\\alpha = 0.05\\) d\u00fczeyinde istatistiksel olarak anlaml\u0131d\u0131r \u2014 \\(H_0\\) reddedilir.<\/p>\n<p>\n\r\n<\/section>\n<h2>Hesaplay\u0131c\u0131 Nas\u0131l Kullan\u0131l\u0131r?<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Test istatisti\u011finizi<\/strong> girin (verilerinizden zaten hesaplad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z z, t, \u03c7\u00b2 veya F de\u011feri).<\/li>\n<li>\\(H_0\\) alt\u0131nda istatisti\u011fin uydu\u011fu <strong>Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131<\/strong> se\u00e7in: Standart normal (Z), Student t, Ki-kare (\u03c7\u00b2) veya F da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Alternatif hipotezinize uyan <strong>Kuyruk t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc<\/strong> se\u00e7in: \u0130ki kuyruklu (\u2260), sa\u011f kuyruklu (&gt;) veya sol kuyruklu (&lt;).<\/li>\n<li>t veya \u03c7\u00b2 se\u00e7tiyseniz <strong>Serbestlik derecesini (df)<\/strong> girin. F da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7tiyseniz hem <strong>Pay df (df\u2081)<\/strong> hem de <strong>Payda df (df\u2082)<\/strong> de\u011ferini girin; bu alanlar otomatik olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Anlaml\u0131l\u0131k d\u00fczeyini (\u03b1)<\/strong> se\u00e7in \u2014 0,05, 0,01 veya 0,10 \u2014 b\u00f6ylece hesaplay\u0131c\u0131 testin sonucunu bildirebilir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>P de\u011ferini<\/strong>, istatisti\u011finizin y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki <strong>Kuyruk olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131<\/strong> ve her iki kuyruk olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile \u03b1 d\u00fczeyindeki reddetme\/reddetmeme karar\u0131n\u0131 listeleyen <strong>Ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar ve sonucu<\/strong> okuyun.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>P De\u011feri Nedir?<\/h2>\n<p>P de\u011feri tek bir \u00f6zel soruyu yan\u0131tlar: <em>s\u0131f\u0131r hipotezi do\u011fru olsayd\u0131, g\u00f6zlemledi\u011finizden en az kadar u\u00e7 bir test istatisti\u011fi elde etme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedir?<\/em> 0 ile 1 aras\u0131nda bir olas\u0131l\u0131kt\u0131r; s\u0131f\u0131r hipotezinin do\u011fru veya yanl\u0131\u015f olma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fildir. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir p de\u011feri, g\u00f6zlenen verilerin \\(H_0\\) alt\u0131nda \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir; bu da s\u0131f\u0131r hipoteze kar\u015f\u0131 kan\u0131tt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar p de\u011ferini \u00f6nceden belirlenmi\u015f bir anlaml\u0131l\u0131k d\u00fczeyi \\(\\alpha\\) ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r; bu genellikle 0,05'tir. \\(p \\le \\alpha\\) ise sonu\u00e7 istatistiksel olarak anlaml\u0131 kabul edilir ve yayg\u0131n uygulama \\(H_0\\)'\u0131 reddetmektir. \\(p &gt; \\alpha\\) ise \\(H_0\\) reddedilemez. Reddetmemenin \\(H_0\\)'\u0131n do\u011fru oldu\u011funu kan\u0131tlamakla ayn\u0131 \u015fey olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkat edin \u2014 bu yaln\u0131zca verilerin buna kar\u015f\u0131 yeterli kan\u0131t sunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n<p>Kuyruk say\u0131s\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir. <strong>\u0130ki kuyruklu test<\/strong> her iki y\u00f6ndeki sapmalar\u0131 da yakalar, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla p de\u011feri her iki u\u00e7 kuyru\u011fu da kapsar. <strong>Sa\u011f kuyruklu test<\/strong>, alternatif bir de\u011ferin s\u0131f\u0131r hipotez de\u011ferinden b\u00fcy\u00fck oldu\u011funu iddia etti\u011finde kullan\u0131l\u0131r (do\u011fal olarak sa\u011f kuyruklu olan \u03c7\u00b2 ve F testlerinde yayg\u0131nd\u0131r). <strong>Sol kuyruklu test<\/strong>, alternatif daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir de\u011fer iddia etti\u011finde ge\u00e7erlidir. Yanl\u0131\u015f kuyruk se\u00e7imi ger\u00e7ek bir sonucu anlams\u0131z g\u00f6sterebilir; bu y\u00fczden kuyruklar, verileri incelemeden <em>\u00f6nce<\/em> form\u00fcle etti\u011finiz alternatif hipoteze uymal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Kan\u0131t\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc gayri resm\u00ee bi\u00e7imde yorumlamak gerekirse: \\(p &lt; 0.001\\) \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc, \\(p &lt; 0.01\\) g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc, \\(p &lt; 0.05\\) orta ve \\(p &lt; 0.10\\) zay\u0131f kan\u0131tt\u0131r. 0,10'un \u00fczerindeki de\u011ferler \\(H_0\\)'a kar\u015f\u0131 pek kan\u0131t sunmaz. Bunlar team\u00fcllerdir, sihirli anlam\u0131 olan e\u015fikler de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n<h2>Hangi Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 Se\u00e7melisiniz?<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Standart normal (Z)<\/strong> \u2014 pop\u00fclasyon varyans\u0131n\u0131n bilindi\u011fi veya \u00f6rneklem b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn Merkez\u00ee Limit Teoremi i\u00e7in yeterli oldu\u011fu durumlarda ortalamalar ve oranlar hakk\u0131ndaki b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6rneklemli testler. \u00d6nce istatisti\u011fin kendisini hesaplaman\u0131z gerekiyorsa <a href=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/istatistik\/z-skoru-hesaplama\/\">Z Skoru Hesaplay\u0131c\u0131y\u0131<\/a> kullan\u0131n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Student t<\/strong> \u2014 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6rneklemle veya pop\u00fclasyon varyans\u0131 bilinmedi\u011finde ortalamalar hakk\u0131ndaki testler; genellikle \\(n - 1\\) veya \\(n_1 + n_2 - 2\\) olan tek bir df de\u011feri gerektirir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ki-kare (\u03c7\u00b2)<\/strong> \u2014 uyum iyili\u011fi testleri ve kontenjans tablolar\u0131ndaki ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k testleri; df, kategori veya h\u00fccre say\u0131s\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu testler neredeyse her zaman sa\u011f kuyrukludur.<\/li>\n<li><strong>F da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131<\/strong> \u2014 ANOVA ve varyans kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131; pay df \\(df_1\\) ve payda df \\(df_2\\) gerektirir. Neredeyse her zaman sa\u011f kuyrukludur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Hen\u00fcz test a\u015famas\u0131nda de\u011filseniz, ilgili olas\u0131l\u0131k ve tahmin g\u00f6revleri i\u00e7in <a href=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/istatistik\/normal-dagilim-hesaplayici\/\">Normal Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m Hesaplay\u0131c\u0131m\u0131z<\/a> ve <a href=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/istatistik\/guven-araligi-hesaplama\/\">G\u00fcven Aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 Hesaplay\u0131c\u0131m\u0131z<\/a> bu konular\u0131 kapsar.<\/p>\n<h2>Varsay\u0131mlar, S\u0131n\u0131rlamalar ve Pratik \u0130pu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Hesaplay\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6nceden hesaplanm\u0131\u015f bir istatistik gerektirir.<\/strong> Ham verilerden z, t, \u03c7\u00b2 veya F hesaplamaz \u2014 testinizden gelen istatisti\u011fi girmelisiniz. De\u011feri istatistik yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131zdan veya ders notlar\u0131n\u0131zdan kontrol edin.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0130statistik, \\(H_0\\) alt\u0131nda se\u00e7ilen da\u011f\u0131l\u0131ma uymal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/strong> Bu, testin kendi varsay\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7erli olmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirir: rastgele \u00f6rnekleme; Z\/t i\u00e7in yakla\u015f\u0131k normallik veya b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6rneklem; \u03c7\u00b2 i\u00e7in en az 5 olan beklenen h\u00fccre say\u0131lar\u0131 ve standart ANOVA i\u00e7in varyans homojenli\u011fi.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u03b1'y\u0131 testten \u00f6nce belirleyin.<\/strong> Anlaml\u0131l\u0131k d\u00fczeyini p de\u011ferini g\u00f6rd\u00fckten sonra se\u00e7mek yanl\u0131\u015f pozitif oran\u0131n\u0131 \u015fi\u015firir. Anlaml\u0131l\u0131k d\u00fczeyiniz listede yoksa, bildirilen p de\u011ferini \u03b1'n\u0131zla elle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u03c7\u00b2 ve F i\u00e7in sa\u011f kuyruklu testler kullan\u0131n.<\/strong> Bu istatistikler negatif olamaz ve testleri geleneksel olarak tek y\u00f6nl\u00fcd\u00fcr; hesaplay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n iki kuyruklu se\u00e7ene\u011fi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olan kuyru\u011fu ikiye katlar ki bu, bu da\u011f\u0131l\u0131mlar i\u00e7in ger\u00e7ek bir hipoteze nadiren uyar.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0130statistiksel anlaml\u0131l\u0131k pratik \u00f6nem de\u011fildir.<\/strong> Yeterince b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00f6rneklemde, \u00f6nemsiz ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck farklar bile anlaml\u0131 hale gelir. P de\u011feriyle birlikte etki b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve bir g\u00fcven aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 rapor edin ve \u00f6rneklem b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fcn mant\u0131kl\u0131 bi\u00e7imde planland\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olun \u2014 <a href=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/istatistik\/orneklem-buyuklugu-hesaplama\/\">\u00d6rneklem B\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Hesaplay\u0131c\u0131ya<\/a> bak\u0131n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00c7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck p de\u011ferleri<\/strong> bilimsel g\u00f6sterimle raporlan\u0131r (\u00f6r. \\(2.1 \\times 10^{-5}\\) anlam\u0131na gelen 2.1e\u221205).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0130ki kuyruklu, sol kuyruklu veya sa\u011f kuyruklu testler i\u00e7in p de\u011ferini bulmak amac\u0131yla bir z, t, ki-kare veya F test istatisti\u011fi girin. Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131, serbestlik derecesini ve anlaml\u0131l\u0131k d\u00fczeyini se\u00e7erek sonucunuzun istatistiksel olarak anlaml\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3168,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[46],"class_list":["post-595","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-istatistik","tag-hipotez-testi"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/595","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3168"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=595"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/595\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3699,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/595\/revisions\/3699"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=595"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=595"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=595"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}