{"id":730,"date":"2026-10-03T15:18:28","date_gmt":"2026-10-03T14:18:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/snell-yasasi-hesaplayici\/"},"modified":"2026-10-03T15:18:28","modified_gmt":"2026-10-03T14:18:28","slug":"snell-yasasi-hesaplayici","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/fizik\/snell-yasasi-hesaplayici\/","title":{"rendered":"Snell Yasas\u0131 Hesaplama Arac\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"not-prose calculator-box\" aria-labelledby=\"calculator-title\"><div class=\"flex items-baseline sm:items-center justify-between gap-2 sm:gap-3\"><div class=\"flex flex-col sm:flex-row sm:items-center gap-2\"><span class=\"icon icon-calculator text-primary-700! text-base! dark:text-primary-300!\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 id=\"calculator-title\" class=\"text-lg font-display font-bold\">Snell Yasas\u0131 ile K\u0131r\u0131lma A\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 Bulun<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"calcdash-favorite group\">\n  <button type=\"button\" class=\"favorite\" id=\"favorite\" data-favorite-id=\"730\" data-favorite-title=\"Snell Yasas\u0131\" data-favorite-url=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/fizik\/snell-yasasi-hesaplayici\/\" data-favorite-excerpt=\"K\u0131r\u0131lma a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 Snell yasas\u0131ndan bulmak i\u00e7in gelme a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve iki ortam\u0131n k\u0131r\u0131lma indislerini girin. Hesaplama arac\u0131 ayr\u0131ca kritik a\u00e7\u0131y\u0131 da verir ve tam i\u00e7 yans\u0131ma ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011finde sizi uyar\u0131r.\" aria-label=\"Favorilere ekle\" data-favorite-icon=\"icon icon-physic\">\n    <span class=\"icon icon-shape-star-empty\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n  <\/button>\n  <div class=\"calcdash-favorite__tip\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n   <span class=\"favorite-tooltip\" id=\"favorite-tooltip\"><\/span>\n  <\/div>\n  <span class=\"sr-only\" role=\"status\" id=\"favorite-status\"><\/span>\n<\/div><\/div><form action=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/fizik\/snell-yasasi-hesaplayici\/\" method=\"POST\" class=\"calculator\" id=\"calculator-730\" data-post=\"730\"><fieldset class=\"fieldset-input is-1\"><legend class=\"sr-only\">Giri\u015f alanlar\u0131<\/legend><div class=\"field is-single has-term\" id=\"input-1\"><label for=\"field-1\">Gelme a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 (\u03b8\u2081)<\/label><div class=\"term\">\u03b8\u2081<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><div class=\"field-group\"><input type=\"text\" name=\"gelme_as_\" id=\"field-1\" aria-describedby=\"calc-info-1\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" placeholder=\"e.g. 40\" min=\"0\" max=\"90\" value=\"40\"\/><div class=\"grid grid-cols-1\"><select id=\"field-2\" name=\"birim\" aria-label=\"Birim\"><option value=\"deg\" selected>Derece<\/option><option value=\"rad\">Radyan<\/option><\/select><svg class=\"pointer-events-none col-start-1 row-start-1 mr-2 size-5 self-center justify-self-end text-gray-500 sm:size-4\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-slot=\"icon\">\n              <path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4.22 6.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 8.94l2.72-2.72a.75.75 0 1 1 1.06 1.06l-3.25 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L4.22 7.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" \/>\n            <\/svg><\/div><\/div><small id=\"calc-info-1\">Gelen \u0131\u015f\u0131n ile y\u00fczeyin normali aras\u0131ndaki a\u00e7\u0131, birinci ortamda \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/small><\/div><div class=\"field is-single has-term\" id=\"input-2\"><label for=\"field-3\">1. ortam\u0131n k\u0131r\u0131lma indisi (n\u2081)<\/label><div class=\"term\">n\u2081<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><input type=\"text\" name=\"1_ortamn_krlma_indisi_n\" id=\"field-3\" aria-describedby=\"calc-info-3\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" placeholder=\"e.g. 1\" min=\"0\" value=\"1\"\/><small id=\"calc-info-3\">I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n geldi\u011fi ortam\u0131n indisi. Hava \u2248 1,0003, su \u2248 1,33, cam \u2248 1,5, elmas \u2248 2,42.<\/small><\/div><div class=\"field is-single has-term\" id=\"input-3\"><label for=\"field-4\">2. ortam\u0131n k\u0131r\u0131lma indisi (n\u2082)<\/label><div class=\"term\">n\u2082<\/div>  <div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-16 top-8 w-2 h-0.5 bg-blue-500\"><\/div><input type=\"text\" name=\"2_ortamn_krlma_indisi_n\" id=\"field-4\" aria-describedby=\"calc-info-4\" data-number inputmode=\"decimal\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" placeholder=\"e.g. 1.33\" min=\"0\" value=\"1.33\"\/><small id=\"calc-info-4\">I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n girdi\u011fi ortam\u0131n indisi. Hava \u2248 1,0003, su \u2248 1,33, cam \u2248 1,5, safir \u2248 1,77.<\/small><\/div><\/fieldset><div class=\"buttons\"><button type=\"submit\" data-text=\"Yeniden hesapla\" id=\"calculate-button\" data-post=\"730\">Hesapla<\/button><button type=\"reset\">S\u0131f\u0131rla<\/button><\/div><div class=\"field is-checkbox hidden!\" id=\"field-auto-calc\"><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"auto-calc\"><label for=\"auto-calc\">Otomatik hesapla<\/label><small>Etkinle\u015ftirilirse, herhangi bir de\u011feri de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011finizde sonu\u00e7 otomatik olarak g\u00fcncellenir.<\/small><\/div><div class=\"fieldset-result is-hidden\" aria-labelledby=\"result-title\" aria-live=\"polite\" role=\"region\"> <h3 class=\"result-title bg-gradient-to-r from-primary-50 to-gray-50 dark:from-primary-900 dark:to-gray-800\" id=\"result-title\"><span class=\"icon icon-s-pulse\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span> K\u0131r\u0131lma Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h3><div class=\"result-box\"><div class=\"field-result is-column\" id=\"output-1\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>K\u0131r\u0131lma a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 (\u03b8\u2082)<\/span><span class=\"result-term\">\u03b8\u2082<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-1\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Sonucu kopyala\" aria-label=\"Sonucu kopyala\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"field-result is-column\" id=\"output-2\"><span class=\"field-title\"><span>Kritik a\u00e7\u0131 ve tam yans\u0131ma<\/span><span class=\"result-term\">\u03b8c<\/span><\/span><span class=\"field-value\" id=\"result-2\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-result\" data-tooltip=\"Sonucu kopyala\" aria-label=\"Sonucu kopyala\"><span class=\"copy-icon icon icon-document-copy\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div><div class=\"result-actions\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-link\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M12.232 4.232a2.5 2.5 0 0 1 3.536 3.536l-1.225 1.224a.75.75 0 0 0 1.061 1.06l1.224-1.224a4 4 0 0 0-5.656-5.656l-3 3a4 4 0 0 0 .225 5.865.75.75 0 0 0 .977-1.138 2.5 2.5 0 0 1-.142-3.667l3-3Z\"\/><path d=\"M11.603 7.963a.75.75 0 0 0-.977 1.138 2.5 2.5 0 0 1 .142 3.667l-3 3a2.5 2.5 0 0 1-3.536-3.536l1.225-1.224a.75.75 0 0 0-1.061-1.06l-1.224 1.224a4 4 0 1 0 5.656 5.656l3-3a4 4 0 0 0-.225-5.865Z\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"copy-link__text\">Bu hesaplaman\u0131n ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kopyala<\/span><\/button><span class=\"sr-only\" role=\"status\" id=\"copy-link-status\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><a href=\"#respond\" class=\"hidden transition-opacity duration-300 opacity-0 w-50 text-sm justify-center items-center gap-2 px-4 py-2 rounded bg-gray-200 text-gray-700 hover:bg-gray-300\" id=\"leave-comment\"><span class=\"icon icon-comments\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Yorum b\u0131rak<\/a><\/form><\/section><section id=\"calc-reactions\" class=\"not-prose hidden my-12 bg-gradient-to-r from-primary-50 to-gray-50 border border-indigo-100 rounded-xl px-6 py-4 shadow-sm\" data-post=\"730\" aria-live=\"polite\" aria-labelledby=\"calc-reactions-title\"><p id=\"calc-reactions-title\" class=\"text-sm text-gray-500 text-center mb-2\">Bu sonu\u00e7 hakk\u0131nda ne d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorsunuz?<\/p><div role=\"group\" aria-labelledby=\"calc-reactions-title\" class=\"grid grid-cols-3 sm:flex sm:flex-row sm:justify-around gap-4 sm:items-center sm:flex-wrap\"><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"like\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"like\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\ude00 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Be\u011fendim <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"helpful\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"helpful\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\udca1 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Faydal\u0131 <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"confused\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"confused\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\ude15 <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Kafam kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131 <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"disappointed\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"disappointed\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\ude1e <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 <\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" class=\"reaction-btn flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-sm text-gray-700 hover:text-primary-600 cursor-pointer transition-transform hover:scale-105\" data-reaction=\"inaccurate\"><span class=\"reaction-count\" data-reaction-count=\"inaccurate\">0<\/span><span class=\"reaction text-3xl\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u274c <\/span><span class=\"reaction-description font-medium\">Hatal\u0131 <\/span><\/button><\/div><div id=\"reaction-message\" class=\"hidden mt-8 rounded-md border border-primary-100 bg-white\/50 backdrop-blur-sm px-4 py-2 text-sm text-center shadow-sm\"><\/div><\/section><div class=\"calcdash-ad not-prose calcdash-ad--calc_result calcdash-ad--in-article\"><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-1721569815777345\" data-ad-slot=\"6317458308\" data-ad-layout=\"in-article\" data-ad-format=\"fluid\"><\/ins><script>(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});<\/script><\/div>\n<style id=\"wpcoderpro-inline-1\">.formula-box {\r\n\tborder-bottom: none !important;\r\n}<\/style><section class=\"formula-box\" aria-labelledby=\"formula-title\">\r\n\t<div id=\"formula-title\" class=\"not-prose font-display mb-4\"><span class=\"icon icon-formula\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2>Snell Yasas\u0131 Form\u00fcl\u00fc<\/h2><\/div>\r\n\t<figure class=\"not-prose formula\">\r\n\t\t<figcaption class=\"formula-title\">Form\u00fcl<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<div class=\"text-base text-gray-800\" id=\"formula\">\n\\[ n_1 \\sin\\theta_1 = n_2 \\sin\\theta_2 \\]\n<\/div>\r\n\t<\/figure>\r\n\t<\/p>\n<p><strong>Burada:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\\(n_1\\) \u2014 birinci ortam\u0131n k\u0131r\u0131lma indisi (\u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n geldi\u011fi ortam)<\/li>\n<li>\\(\\theta_1\\) \u2014 gelme a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131, gelen \u0131\u015f\u0131n ile y\u00fczeye dik olan normal aras\u0131ndan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr<\/li>\n<li>\\(n_2\\) \u2014 ikinci ortam\u0131n k\u0131r\u0131lma indisi (\u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n girdi\u011fi ortam)<\/li>\n<li>\\(\\theta_2\\) \u2014 k\u0131r\u0131lma a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131, k\u0131r\u0131lan \u0131\u015f\u0131n ile normal aras\u0131ndan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>K\u0131r\u0131lma a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \\(\\theta_2 = \\arcsin\\!\\big(\\tfrac{n_1}{n_2}\\sin\\theta_1\\big)\\) elde edilir. Her iki a\u00e7\u0131 da her zaman <em>normalden<\/em> (y\u00fczeye dik olan do\u011fru) \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr, y\u00fczeyden de\u011fil.<\/p>\n<p>I\u015f\u0131k daha yo\u011fun bir ortamdan daha az yo\u011fun bir ortama giderken (\\(n_1 &gt; n_2\\)), bir kritik a\u00e7\u0131 vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n<p>\\[ \\theta_c = \\arcsin\\!\\left(\\frac{n_2}{n_1}\\right) \\]<\/p>\n<p>Kritik a\u00e7\u0131dan \\(\\theta_c\\) b\u00fcy\u00fck herhangi bir gelme a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in Snell yasas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc yoktur ve \u0131\u015f\u0131n tamamen geriye yans\u0131r \u2014 buna tam i\u00e7 yans\u0131ma denir.<\/p>\n<p>\r\n<\/section>\n<style id=\"wpcoderpro-inline-2\">.calculation-box {\r\n\tborder-bottom: none !important;\r\n}<\/style><section id=\"calculation\" class=\"calculation-box\" aria-labelledby=\"calculation-title\">\r\n\t<div id=\"calculation-title\" class=\"not-prose font-display\"><span class=\"icon icon-unordered-list\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2>Snell Yasas\u0131 \u2013 Hesaplama \u00d6rne\u011fi<\/h2><\/div>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00d6rnek:<\/strong> havadaki bir \u0131\u015f\u0131k \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131, bir havuzun d\u00fcz su y\u00fczeyine normale g\u00f6re 40\u00b0 a\u00e7\u0131yla \u00e7arp\u0131yor. Havada \\(n_1 = 1\\), suda ise \\(n_2 = 1.33\\). Suyun i\u00e7indeki k\u0131r\u0131lan \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 bulun.<\/p>\n<p>\\[ \\sin\\theta_2 = \\frac{n_1}{n_2}\\sin\\theta_1 = \\frac{1}{1.33} \\times \\sin 40^\\circ = 0.7519 \\times 0.6428 = 0.4833 \\]<\/p>\n<p>\\[ \\theta_2 = \\arcsin(0.4833) = 28.90^\\circ \\]<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sonu\u00e7:<\/strong> \u0131\u015f\u0131n normale g\u00f6re 28.90\u00b0 (yakla\u015f\u0131k 28\u00b0 54\u2032 ya da 0.5044 radyan) ile k\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Su optik olarak havadan daha yo\u011fun oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in \u0131\u015f\u0131n normale do\u011fru k\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r \u2014 40\u00b0 giren, 28.90\u00b0 \u00e7\u0131kan.<\/p>\n<p>\n\r\n<\/section>\n<h2>Hesaplama arac\u0131 nas\u0131l kullan\u0131l\u0131r<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Gelme a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 (\u03b8\u2081)<\/strong> girin ve a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r men\u00fcden birimini (derece veya radyan) se\u00e7in. A\u00e7\u0131, y\u00fczeyin normaline g\u00f6re, 0\u00b0 ile 90\u00b0 aras\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclmelidir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>1. ortam\u0131n k\u0131r\u0131lma indisini (n\u2081)<\/strong> girin \u2014 \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n geldi\u011fi ortam (hava i\u00e7in 1 yeterince do\u011frudur).<\/li>\n<li><strong>2. ortam\u0131n k\u0131r\u0131lma indisini (n\u2082)<\/strong> girin \u2014 \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n girece\u011fi ortam.<\/li>\n<li><strong>K\u0131r\u0131lma a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 (\u03b8\u2082)<\/strong> derece, derece ve dakika ile radyan cinsinden okuyun.<\/li>\n<li>\u0130kinci sonu\u00e7 olarak <strong>kritik a\u00e7\u0131 ve tam i\u00e7 yans\u0131may\u0131<\/strong> kontrol edin: kritik a\u00e7\u0131 varsa, onun \u00fczerindeki her gelme a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 tamamen i\u00e7 yans\u0131maya u\u011frar.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Snell yasas\u0131 neyi tan\u0131mlar<\/h2>\n<p>Snell yasas\u0131 (k\u0131r\u0131lma yasas\u0131 olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r), \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n iki saydam malzeme aras\u0131ndaki s\u0131n\u0131rdan ge\u00e7erken y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc nas\u0131l de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011fini belirler. I\u015f\u0131k farkl\u0131 ortamlarda farkl\u0131 h\u0131zlarla ilerler ve k\u0131r\u0131lma indisi \\(n\\) bunu ifade eder: \\(n = c\/v\\); burada \\(c\\) \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n bo\u015fluktaki h\u0131z\u0131, \\(v\\) ise malzemedeki h\u0131z\u0131d\u0131r. I\u015f\u0131n daha y\u00fcksek indisli bir ortama ge\u00e7ti\u011finde yava\u015flar ve normale do\u011fru k\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r; daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck indisli bir ortama ge\u00e7ti\u011finde ise h\u0131zlan\u0131r ve normalden uzakla\u015facak \u015fekilde k\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Yasa, 1621'de Hollandal\u0131 g\u00f6k bilimci Willebrord Snellius taraf\u0131ndan deneysel olarak ke\u015ffedildi ve daha sonra kuramsal olarak t\u00fcretildi; en zarif t\u00fcretim Fermat'\u0131n en k\u0131sa zaman ilkesinden yap\u0131l\u0131r: \u0131\u015f\u0131k, iki nokta aras\u0131ndaki yolculuk s\u00fcresini en aza indiren yolu izler. Snell yasas\u0131, bir bardak suda pipetin g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrdeki b\u00fck\u00fclmesi, havuzlar\u0131n s\u0131\u011f g\u00f6r\u00fcnmesi (suyun alt\u0131ndaki cisimler ger\u00e7ekte olduklar\u0131ndan y\u00fczeye daha yak\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr) ve g\u00f6zl\u00fck, foto\u011fraf makinesi ve mikroskoptaki merceklerin \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 odaklama bi\u00e7imi gibi tan\u0131d\u0131k olaylar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klar.<\/p>\n<p>Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 yorumlamak kolayd\u0131r: \\(\\theta_2 \\theta_1\\) ise daha az yo\u011fun bir ortama girmi\u015f ve normalden uzakla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Y\u00fczeye tam dik gelen bir \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n (\\(\\theta_1 = 0\\)) ise indislerden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak k\u0131r\u0131lmadan d\u00fcmd\u00fcz ge\u00e7ti\u011fini unutmay\u0131n.<\/p>\n<h2>Kritik a\u00e7\u0131 ve tam i\u00e7 yans\u0131ma<\/h2>\n<p>I\u015f\u0131k daha yo\u011fun bir ortamdan daha az yo\u011fun bir ortama giderken (\\(n_1 &gt; n_2\\), \u00f6rne\u011fin sudan havaya veya camdan havaya), k\u0131r\u0131lan \u0131\u015f\u0131n normalden uzakla\u015f\u0131r. \\(\\theta_1\\) b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fck\u00e7e \\(\\theta_2\\) bir noktada 90\u00b0'ye ula\u015f\u0131r \u2014 bu gelme a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 kritik a\u00e7\u0131 \\(\\theta_c\\)'dir. Bunun \u00f6tesinde k\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir \u0131\u015f\u0131n var olamaz: t\u00fcm \u0131\u015f\u0131k neredeyse kusursuz bir verimlilikle ilk ortama geri yans\u0131r. Bu, tam i\u00e7 yans\u0131mad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Su\u2013hava s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 i\u00e7in \\(\\theta_c = \\arcsin(1\/1.33) \\approx 48.75^\\circ\\); yayg\u0131n cam\u2013hava i\u00e7in ise yakla\u015f\u0131k 41.8\u00b0'dir. Tam i\u00e7 yans\u0131ma, internet trafi\u011fini ta\u015f\u0131yan optik fiberlerin, prizmal\u0131 d\u00fcrb\u00fcn ve periskoplar\u0131n ve kesilmi\u015f elmaslar\u0131n g\u00f6rkemli par\u0131lt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n (\\(n \\approx 2.42\\), kritik a\u00e7\u0131 yaln\u0131zca 24.4\u00b0) \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ilkesidir.<\/p>\n<h2>Tipik k\u0131r\u0131lma indisleri<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Ortam<\/th>\n<th>K\u0131r\u0131lma indisi (yakla\u015f\u0131k, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr \u0131\u015f\u0131k)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Bo\u015fluk<\/td>\n<td>1.0000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Hava<\/td>\n<td>1.0003<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Buz<\/td>\n<td>1.31<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Su<\/td>\n<td>1.33<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Etil alkol<\/td>\n<td>1.36<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ta\u00e7 cam\u0131<\/td>\n<td>1.52<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Safir<\/td>\n<td>1.77<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Elmas<\/td>\n<td>2.42<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Varsay\u0131mlar ve s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Hesaplama, d\u00fcz ve p\u00fcr\u00fczs\u00fcz bir s\u0131n\u0131r ile tek renkli (monokromatik) \u0131\u015f\u0131k varsayar. Ger\u00e7ek malzemeler <em>sa\u00e7\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r (dispersif)<\/em>: indis dalga boyuna g\u00f6re hafif\u00e7e de\u011fi\u015fir (mavi \u0131\u015f\u0131k k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131dan daha \u00e7ok k\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r); prizmalar\u0131n beyaz \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir tayfa ay\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n nedeni budur.<\/li>\n<li>Kritik a\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda bile s\u0131n\u0131rda her zaman bir miktar \u0131\u015f\u0131k yans\u0131r (orta a\u00e7\u0131larda cam\u2013hava i\u00e7in tipik olarak %4\u20138); Snell yasas\u0131 yaln\u0131zca ge\u00e7en \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc tan\u0131mlar, enerji payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil.<\/li>\n<li>A\u00e7\u0131lar normalden \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclmelidir. S\u0131k yap\u0131lan bir hata, a\u00e7\u0131y\u0131 y\u00fczeyden \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcp girmektir \u2014 girmeden \u00f6nce 90\u00b0'den \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131n.<\/li>\n<li>K\u0131r\u0131lma indisleri pozitif olmal\u0131d\u0131r; ortamlardan biri i\u00e7in 0 girmek fiziksel olarak anlams\u0131zd\u0131r ve kabul edilmez.<\/li>\n<li>Hesaplama arac\u0131, so\u011furmay\u0131, sa\u00e7\u0131lmay\u0131 veya kalsit gibi tek bir k\u0131r\u0131lma indisinin iyi tan\u0131mlanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anizotropik (\u00e7ift k\u0131r\u0131c\u0131m) malzemelerdeki davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 modellemez.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Daha fazla fizik arac\u0131 i\u00e7in <a href=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/fizik\/kinematik-denklemler-cozucu\/\">kinematik denklem \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc<\/a> veya <a href=\"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/fizik\/enerji-korunumu-hesaplayici\/\">enerji korunumu hesaplama arac\u0131n\u0131<\/a> inceleyin.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>K\u0131r\u0131lma a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 Snell yasas\u0131ndan bulmak i\u00e7in gelme a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve iki ortam\u0131n k\u0131r\u0131lma indislerini girin. Hesaplama arac\u0131 ayr\u0131ca kritik a\u00e7\u0131y\u0131 da verir ve tam i\u00e7 yans\u0131ma ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011finde sizi uyar\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3168,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[55],"class_list":["post-730","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fizik","tag-mekanik"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/730","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3168"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=730"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/730\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3623,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/730\/revisions\/3623"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=730"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=730"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpcalc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=730"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}