Chemical Bonding Calculators: Bond Polarity

Explore chemical bonding by comparing how atoms share electrons. The Chemical Bond Polarity Calculator uses electronegativity differences to help you assess whether a covalent bond is polar or nonpolar. Use it to check homework, prepare for chemistry exams, or understand why electrons may be distributed unevenly in a bond. This page is for students, teachers, and anyone reviewing the basics of chemical bonding.

Chemical Bond Polarity

Select two elements to compare their electronegativities. The calculator shows the difference and classifies the bond as non-polar covalent, polar covalent, or ionic.

BET Surface Area

Calculate the BET specific surface area (m²/g) of a powder or porous material from the monolayer capacity, molecular cross-sectional area, and sample mass. Works with mol, mmol, or cm³ (STP) input.

Capillary Rise

Calculate how far a liquid rises (or is depressed) in a capillary tube using Jurin's law. Enter surface tension, liquid density, tube radius, contact angle and gravity to get the capillary rise in mm, cm, m or inches.

Formal Charge

Calculate the formal charge of any atom in a Lewis structure. Enter the atom's valence electrons, nonbonding (lone pair) electrons, and bonding electrons to get the charge instantly.

Bond Order

Calculate the bond order of a molecule from the number of bonding and antibonding electrons in its molecular orbitals. Enter Nb and Na to get the bond order plus its meaning for bond strength and stability.

Dipole Moment

Calculate the dipole moment of a charge separation: enter the charge magnitude and the distance between the charges, and get the result in debye and C·m, compared with real molecules.

Bond Energy Reaction Enthalpy

Estimate the enthalpy change (ΔH) of a chemical reaction from average bond energies. Enter the bonds broken and bonds formed as "energy × count", and see whether the reaction is exothermic or endothermic.

Degree of Unsaturation

Enter the counts of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and halogen atoms from a molecular formula to find the degree of unsaturation (DBE/IHD) — the total number of rings and π bonds the molecule must contain.

VSEPR Molecular Geometry

Enter the number of bonded atoms and lone pairs on the central atom to get the AXE notation, electron-domain geometry, molecular shape and approximate bond angles using VSEPR theory.

Bragg's Law

Bragg's Law calculator solves nλ = 2d·sin θ for lattice-plane spacing, diffraction angle 2θ, or X-ray wavelength. Enter any three of the four quantities and get the fourth instantly.