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Parallel Wire Impedance Calculator

This calculator determines the characteristic impedance of a parallel wire transmission line based on conductor diameter, spacing, and dielectric constant. It’s essential for designing balanced RF lines like twin-lead cables, antennas, and low-loss feeders.

Impedance Estimator for Parallel Wire Transmission Lines

Input Fields
d
mm
Diameter of each conductor
D
mm
Center-to-center distance between the wires
If enabled, the result will update automatically when you change any value.

Parallel Wire Line Impedance Formula

Formula
$$Z_0 = \frac{120}{\sqrt{\varepsilon_r}} \cdot \ln\left( \frac{2D}{d} \right)$$

Where:

  • $$Z_0$$ = characteristic impedance (Ω)
  • $$D$$ = distance between centers of the wires (m)
  • $$d$$ = diameter of each wire (m)
  • $$\varepsilon_r$$ = relative permittivity (dielectric constant)

This formula assumes uniform dielectric and parallel cylindrical conductors in free-space or homogenous medium.


Parallel Wire Impedance – Calculation Example

Given:

  • $$D$$ = 20 mm = 0.02 m
  • $$d$$ = 2 mm = 0.002 m
  • $$\varepsilon_r$$ = 1 (air)

Calculation:

  1. $$Z_0 = \frac{120}{\sqrt{1}} \cdot \ln\left( \frac{2 \cdot 0.02}{0.002} \right) = 120 \cdot \ln(20) ≈ 120 \cdot 2.9957 ≈ 359.48~Ω$$


Parallel wire lines are used in RF communication, amateur radio, and antenna feed systems due to their low loss and ease of construction. This calculator helps designers and hobbyists determine the characteristic impedance of twin-lead or ladder lines. Proper impedance matching ensures maximum power transfer and minimal signal reflection.

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