Mechanics Calculators: Motion, Forces and Energy

Use these mechanics calculators to solve problems involving motion, forces, energy, rotation, and fluids. Work through motion problems with Kinematic Equations and Projectile Motion, or analyze forces with Friction Force and Torque. You can also calculate Kinetic Energy, Moment of Inertia, Buoyant Force, and the results of an Elastic Collision (1D). Whether you are a student checking homework, a teacher preparing examples, or an engineer estimating physical behavior, these tools help you tackle common physics calculations.

G-Force

Enter an acceleration in m/s², ft/s², g, or km/h per second, and this calculator converts it into g-force — the load expressed as a multiple of gravitational acceleration.

Average Speed

Calculate average speed from the total distance and total time of a trip, or enter multiple segments with distances and times. Results are shown in m/s, km/h and mph, with average velocity when segments are given.

Terminal Velocity

Calculate the terminal velocity of a falling object from its mass, drag coefficient, air density, cross-sectional area and gravity. Enter the values and get the maximum falling speed in m/s, km/h, mph and more.

Force

Calculate force from mass and acceleration using Newton's Second Law (F = m × a). Enter the mass in kg and acceleration in m/s² to get the force in newtons instantly.

Tension in Ropes

Calculate the tension in a single rope or two ropes at equal angles supporting a mass. Enter mass, acceleration, and angle to get the tension in Newtons.

Ballistic Pendulum

Calculate the speed of a projectile from a ballistic pendulum experiment. Enter the projectile and pendulum masses plus the swing height or the swing angle and pendulum length.

Stress & Strain

Calculate engineering stress, strain and elongation from the applied force, cross-sectional area and lengths of a member. Enter force, area, original and deformed length to get stress in MPa/psi, strain and ΔL.

Stopping Distance

Calculate the total stopping distance of a car from its speed, driver reaction time, road grip and gradient. Enter your values to see the reaction distance, braking distance, and total distance in metres and feet.

Acceleration

Calculate acceleration from Newton's second law: enter the force applied in newtons and the object's mass in kilograms, and the calculator returns acceleration in m/s².

Lift Force

Calculate aerodynamic lift force from fluid density, flow speed, lift coefficient, and wing area. Enter your values, pick units, and get lift in newtons, lbf, and kgf instantly.

Projectile Motion

Calculate the time of flight, maximum height, horizontal range and impact speed of a projectile from its initial velocity, launch angle, initial height and gravity. Supports m/s, km/h, ft/s, mph and different gravities.

Inelastic Collision

Calculate the final velocity and kinetic energy lost in a perfectly inelastic collision in one dimension. Enter the masses and initial velocities of both objects to find the velocity of the combined mass after impact and the energy dissipated.

Inclined Plane

Calculate the acceleration of an object sliding down an inclined plane from the incline angle and coefficient of friction — or solve for the angle or friction coefficient when acceleration is known.

Solenoid Magnetic Field

Calculate the magnetic flux density (in mT, T, or Gauss) inside a solenoid from the current, number of turns, length, and core permeability using B = μ₀μᵣNI/L.

Final Velocity

Calculate final velocity, initial velocity, acceleration or time using the kinematic equation v = u + at. Enter any three values and the calculator solves the fourth, with m/s, km/h, s and min units supported.

Point Charge Electric Field

Calculate the electric field magnitude created by a point charge at any distance. Enter the charge Q, the distance r, and the medium's relative permittivity to get the result in N/C and V/m.

Drag Force

Calculate the drag force acting on an object moving through air or water. Enter the fluid density, relative speed, drag coefficient and frontal area to get the resisting force and the power needed to overcome it.

Linear Thermal Expansion

Calculate how much a material expands or contracts when its temperature changes. Enter the initial length, expansion coefficient and temperature change to get ΔL and the final length.

Straight Wire Magnetic Field

Calculate the magnetic flux density around a long straight current-carrying wire using Ampère's law. Enter the current, distance from the wire, and optional relative permeability to get the result in µT, mT, T or gauss.

Young's Modulus

Calculate Young's modulus of elasticity from stress and strain, or from force, cross-sectional area and length change. Results in GPa, MPa, Pa and psi.

Mass

Calculate the mass of an object from force and acceleration using Newton's Second Law. Enter force in newtons and acceleration in m/s² to get mass in kilograms instantly.

Displacement

Calculate displacement, initial velocity, acceleration, or time using the kinematic equation s = ut + ½at². Select what you want to find, enter the known values, and get an instant answer.

Friction Force

Calculate friction force from the coefficient of friction and normal force, or solve for μ or N instead. Enter two known values and get instant results for any contact-surface problem.

Magnetic Force on a Charge

Calculate the magnetic (Lorentz) force on a charged particle moving in a magnetic field. Enter the charge, speed, flux density and the angle between velocity and field to get the force in newtons.

Simple Pendulum

Calculate the period of a simple pendulum from its length and gravity, or find the length needed for a given period. Enter the known value and get period, frequency and swings per minute.

Coulomb's Law

Calculate the electrostatic force between two point charges using Coulomb's law. Enter the two charges (nC, μC, mC, C or e), the distance between them, and get the force in newtons plus its direction.

Hooke's Law

Calculate spring force, spring constant, or displacement using Hooke's law (F = k·x). Enter the two known quantities, pick your units, and get the third value instantly.

Impulse Calculator

Calculate impulse (J = F·Δt), force, or time interval from the other two values. Enter force in N or kN and time in s or ms — useful for momentum and collision problems in physics and engineering.

Kinematic Equations

Solve any missing variable in uniformly accelerated motion. Enter the known values, pick the variable to solve for — initial velocity, final velocity, acceleration, time, or displacement — and get an instant answer using the SUVAT equations.

Elastic Collision (1D)

Calculate the final velocities of two objects after a one-dimensional elastic collision. Enter the masses and initial velocities of both objects, and the calculator applies conservation of momentum and kinetic energy.